CC BY
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УДК 619:617.21
Shayxova M.I.
Tashkent Pediatric Medical Institute Uzbekistan, Tashkent city FEATURES OF CHRONIC OTTA
Abstract: This article discusses the features of chronic otitis media
Keywords: otitis media, diagnosis, treatment, ear, symptom
Шайхова М.И.
Ташкентский Педиатрический Медицинский Институт
Узбекистан, г. Ташкент ОСОБЕННОСТИ ХРАНИЧЕСКОГО ОТИТА
Аннотация: В этой статье обсуждаются особенности хронического отита
Ключевые слова: отит, диагностика, лечения, уха, симптом
Chronic otitis media is a chronic inflammation of the tympanic cavity (sometimes with the destruction of the bone walls - caries), which is characterized by a decrease in hearing and periodic suppuration.
The development of the disease can be represented in three stages:
• as a result of infection, a purulent discharge forms in the tympanic cavity, pain appears to the ear;
• accumulating, the pus gradually deforms the eardrum, until its rupture (perforation);
• In the presence of a perforation of the tympanic membrane, hearing is reduced, pus may pour into the external auditory canal.
After the formation of perforation, the pain ceases to disturb, so the pressure in the tympanic cavity decreases. However, this does not mean that you do not need to see a doctor - the inflammation has not passed.
Especially dangerous is otitis media in children, the risk of transition to a chronic process at this age is very high. Therefore, it is desirable for small patients to be at a specialist's reception at the earliest stage of inflammation.
Possible causes of chronic inflammation of the middle ear:
• frequent inflammation of the nasopharynx;
• untreated rhinitis, sinusitis, pharyngitis, otitis;
• defects in ENT organs (including a curved nasal septum, adhesions in the
ears);
• head trauma, which resulted in damage to the eardrum.
The cause of development of chronic otitis in adults and children can be the resistance of pathogenic microorganisms to antibiotics, which were used in the treatment of acute inflammation. Experts note an increased risk of infection of the middle ear in the absence of treatment of common colds (ARVI), pregnancy, blood diseases, and immunodeficiency.
The most common signs of chronic otitis media are:
• selective hearing impairment (low susceptibility of high tones);
• noise and heaviness in the head;
• Periodic purulent discharge from the ear;
Pain in the ear can be weak and unstable. In some cases, there is no pain.
There are chronic otitis of two types.
1. With a large perforation in the central part of the septum -mesotympanitis. For this type of otitis is characterized by pus without odor and colored impurities (except bloody), as well as a significant decrease in hearing.
2. Without significant reduction of hearing and with marginal perforation of the tympanic membrane epitimpanitis develops. Purulent discharge in this otitis with a sharp unpleasant putrefactive odor and a thicker consistency. Epitimpanitis is dangerous because caries of the bony walls of the tympanic cavity occurs and the development of complications associated with it.
A slight decrease in hearing and absence of pain often leads to late diagnosis. In this is the treachery of epithimpanitis, it can lead to development:
• intracranial inflammation, including, abscess of the brain;
• meningitis;
• inflammation of the inner ear;
• paresis of the facial nerve;
• mastoiditis (purulent inflammation of the mastoid process of the temporal
bone).
If you suspect otitis, you should consult an otolaryngologist. In the diagnosis of otitis media it is important to collect an anamnesis of the disease, to conduct an examination of the ENT organs, additional tests can be performed to determine the type of disease:
• examination of the ear canal under a microscope to locate the area of the rupture of the membrane;
• taking excretions from the external auditory meatus for laboratory testing;
• X-ray of the temporal bones (with suspicion of epitimpanitis);
• Computed tomography (allows to get an accurate picture of the state of the bone wall of the tympanum).
There is no quick treatment for chronic otitis media. Therapy takes from one to six months. In modern practice, comprehensive treatment programs are applied, which may include:
• medicamentous effects;
• physiotherapy;
• adherence to the doctor's recommendations;
• surgical treatment.
In order to remove pus, procedures for ear washing are prescribed. To stop bacterial inflammation, local anti-inflammatory and antibacterial therapy is prescribed, including in the form of ear drops (choosing drops yourself, without the doctor's advice - a huge risk!). In severe chronic otitis media, adults can be administered antibiotics through a catheter into the tympanum or by intramuscular injection. In some cases, hormones are used.
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From the physiotherapy methods, laser, ultraviolet therapy or impulse currents are used.
Operative treatment is most often performed with epimimpanitis. If necessary, surgery on both ears should begin treatment with the ear that hears worse. During the intervention, the following is carried out:
• audit and treatment of the auditory canal and tympanum (pus, education);
• cleaning and processing of bone walls;
• plastic tympanic membrane.
Использованные источники:
1. Ziegler D., et al. Exp.Clin.Endocrinol diabetes.-2009.-vol.107.-P.421-4
2. Изменения минеральной плотности костной ткани при сахарном диабете. А.А Гусова (и др) Клиницист-2010 №1. С 10-16.
УДК 337.54
Shokirova G.Sh. The teacher of the department« Management» Namangan Engineering Construction Institute
Uzbekistan, Namangan tity SOCIO-ORIENTED MARKET ECONOMY
Abstract: This article discusses features of a socially-oriented market economy
Keywords: market, economy, model, price, goods
Шокирова Г.Ш.
преподаватель кафедра « Менеджмент» Наманганский инженерно-строительный институт
Узбекистан, г. Наманган СОЦИАЛЬНО-ОРИЕНТИРОВАННАЯ РЫНОЧНАЯ ЭКОНОМИКА
Аннотация: В этой статье обсуждаются особенности социально ориентированной рыночной экономики
Ключевые слова: рынок, экономика, модель, цена, товар
The modern market economy is the result of civilization and the humanization of society, when the state strives to soften the market blows.
In today's real life, there are no examples of a purely market, completely free from the state economy. Most countries tend to organically and flexibly combine market efficiency with government regulation of the economy. Such an association forms a mixed economy.
A mixed economy represents an economic system where both the state and the private sector play an important role in the production, distribution, exchange and consumption of all resources and material goods in the country. At the same time, the regulating role of the market is complemented by the mechanism of state
