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28FEATURES OF BASIC ARCHITECTURAL ASSEMBLIES CITIES
OF BRAZILIA
1 2 Donchenko SA. , Samoilov K.I.
1Donchenko Semen Alexandrovich - Bachelor of Arts (Architecture), post graduate Student, 2Samoilov Konstantin Ivanovich - Doctor of Sciences (Architecture), Professor, ARCHITECTURE DEPARTMENT, KAZAKH NATIONAL RESEARCH TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY NAMED AFTER K.I. SATPAYEV, ALMATY, REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN
Abstract: the article describes the ensembles of Brasilia, and their role in the structure of the modern city.
Keywords: visual perception, semantic signs, the Palace of Dawn, the Palace of the Highlands, plastic facades, philosophical image.
In modern urban planning practice, there are many examples of the positive impact of the environment on the face of a modern city. In a certain sense, symbolic places are important for the visual representation of a person about such a place. The sense of visual perception of an object is necessary to represent the place in which a person is located, and, ultimately, the perception of this object by people who are constantly around these objects, residents of the city, employees, tourists.
Thus, ensembles in the central part of the city always carry a certain message, reflected through semantic signs-style of building the city center, design of building facades, and of course, a clear thought-out plan [1].
By the middle of the twentieth century, the role of ensembles in the city center as a whole was already playing the role of private development of a certain place, merging with the main component of the city, the general master plan. One of the first capital cities built according to a well-thought-out plan and in a completely new place is the capital of the Republic of Brasilia. Brasilia.
The construction of a new city, carried out according to the project of the famous architect O. Niemeyer, was carried out in a relatively short time, but in general the ensembles in the central part of the city took shape only by the end of the twentieth century. The city in plan is a figure of a flying airplane, named by the authors of the Pilot project. The design of such capital cities is not a completely new phenomenon in the development of urban development, but the idea of creating an image of an open, bright city where all sectors of society will feel comfortable is fundamentally new. At the same time, the task of the architects was to show the greatness and development of the state, through new styles at that time in architecture. In a similar way, the construction plan for Canberra in Australia was carried out and partially implemented [2].
The main arrays of government buildings that make up the ensemble development of Brasilia are located along the main highway of the city-Avenue of Ministries, and are very restrained in their shapes, but at the same time interesting in the plastic properties of the facades. Almost all buildings are built in the style of "Modernism" and each is iconic in its functional purpose and location.
O. Niemeyer and engineer L. Costa tried to give their buildings a proper look, creating the image of a technically developed city, and having its own philosophy [3]. Consider some of the most iconic buildings located in the central part of Brasilia:
The main iconic buildings on the avenue of the ministries are: the parliament building, composed of two parallelepiped blocks placed vertically and united by a stylobate at the level of 1 two floors, as well as plate-shaped halls built into them, one of which is turned upside down to heaven, and the other stands on the ground — they have conference rooms. A number of government buildings, such as the Palace of Alvorada (Palacio da Alvorada), whose decoration is made up of the facades of the building, presented in the form of half-columns of concrete, forming hemispherical outlines and reflected in the nearby body of water, create the effect of weightlessness, the building seems to soar in the air , where at the same time a certain role is played by the chapel, also part of the building's complex, but located to the side and representing a twisted spiral crowned with a cross. The complex is located on the banks of the Paranoa reservoir.
The next iconic building is the Palace of Planalto (Palacio do Planalto - "Palace of the Plateau") - the official working residence of the president, and also represented by 3 floors, with a characteristic "open" facade, where the open pictorial columns supporting the roof are also decorative elements in the design of the facade building.
Further, the next complex, the next one, Supremo, which is the palace of justice, is also similar in design and plasticity of the facade to the building of the Planalto palace, where the plastic expression of the facade is minimized [4].
The building of the Cathedral of Brasilia is expressive - it is a tent, in the intervals between which the stained-glass windows, symbolizing the sky, and creating the effect of weightlessness inside the building, take the place. The image of the cathedral partially resembles the image of the cathedral in Liverpool (Metropolitan Cathedral of Christ the King) [4].
The Prospectus of Ministries is the main dominant on the Brasilia plan, where a distinctive feature is the relatively wide open spaces planted with lawns or palm trees and which are peculiar characteristic features of the landscape of Brasilia, emphasizing visually the importance of ensemble buildings and individual objects.
In general, the architecture of Brasilia ensembles is a phenomenon representing how it is possible to use not only new building materials at that time, but also is an example of a harmonious combination of various objects in the center of a new modern metropolitan center.
References
1. Hight Vladimir Lvovich. Modern architecture of Brazil [Text] / Center. scientific researcher Institute of Theory and History of Architecture. Moscow: Stroyizdat, 1973. 159 p.: ill.; 21 see // [Electronic resource]. URL: http://science.totalarch.com/book/4726.rar/ (date of access: 06.04.2020).
2. Donchenko S.A., Samoilov K.I. Architectural and urban construction features of The Development of the city of the Canberra. [Electronic resource]. URL: https://publikacija.ru/images/PDF/2020/49/Science-and-education-today-2-49-.pdf/ (date of access: 06.04.2020).
3. GutnovA.E., Glazychev V.L. World of architecture: The face of the city. M.: Mol. guard, 1990.
4. Getashvili N., Niemeyer Oscar. Great Architects. Volume XXI, 2015. 70 pp. [Electronic resource]. URL: http://science.totalarch.com/book/3657.rar/ (date of access: 06.04.2020).
