CC BY
3
Tillakhojhayev S.
teacher ADU
Shobdurakhimova M. T.
master ADU
FACTORS AFFECTING THE DEVELOPMENT OF INTENSIVE GARDENING IN ANDIJAN REGIO
Abstract: The factors affecting the development of intensive horticulture in Andijan region, as well as horticulture, viticulture, and the climate of Andijan region are described in detail.
Key words: horticulture, viticulture, vegetables, meat-milk, meat-fat, grain, cattle, cotton, textile.
In horticulture and viticulture, horticulture and viticulture is an important branch of the economy. It provides the population with the most necessary vitamin-rich product and supplies important raw materials to the food industry. Due to the warm climate in the region, long vegetation days, the excess of total temperature during this time (4500-5500*), the abundance of sunlight, allowing the growth of various heat-loving and subtropical fruits, the northern, fruits ripen 10-15 days earlier than the central and other parts.
The peoples of the Fergana Valley, including the Andijan region, have been engaged in horticulture and viticulture since ancient times. The growth of horticulture is due to the presence of wild apples, pears, apricots, cherries and other fruits in the foothills of the Fergana Valley. The inhabitants of ancient Ferghana had a favorable influence on the distribution of high-quality fruit and grape varieties in the valley in connection with the breeding and selection of high-yielding varieties. The fact that the "Great Silk Road" passed from Fergana Andijan to the improvement of varieties of fruits, that is - from China (Kashkar) - Fergana, Oratepa, Samarkand, Bukhara, Afghanistan, India and other the fact that he passed through the regions had a very favorable effect.
After the conquest of Central Asia by the Arabs, V.V. Kuznetsov said that the Arabs brought some fruit and grape varieties from Iran and Arabia, especially horaki grape varieties.
Processing industries should be developed in the central part. 33.4% of the population of the region lives in this region. It occupies 17% of the territory of the province. The suburban economy, which has historically formed, can continue to develop in this region. In general, in this region there are opportunities for the development of agricultural services, agriculture and processing of agricultural products. [1]
Buloqbashi, Kurgantepa, Khojaabad, Marhamat and Jalakuduq districts enter the eastern part and occupy the eastern part of the region. This part borders with Kyrgyzstan in the north, east and south, the border passes along the Karadarya valley in the north, in the east and in the south the border passes through the main foothills, in the east the foothills of Aloy and Ferghana and the inhabited oases of the plain. The eastern part occupies a large area of the region and occupies 37% of the area.
One of the main characteristics of the eastern part of the region is that agriculture is well developed, 29.5% of technical crops grown in the region, 38% of grain crops, 30.6% of vegetables, 39.4% of potatoes, 30.4% of fruits. % i and supplies 43.8 % i of grapes. 33.2% of cattle and 42.4% of sheep are raised in this area.
This part is distinguished by its specialization in agriculture, cotton growing, vegetables, fruit and viticulture, meat-milk, meat-oil production.
The difference between Fergana Mountain and Aloy Mountain is that it decreases a lot. Most of its lands have a soft relief character, and as the dark gray soil rises to a greater height, this soft cover is replaced by limestone and yelonets, sandstone rocks. Soft soil-covered lands and parts with good relief conditions are used for non-irrigated farming and pasture in areas with excess moisture. Therefore, this part is used more in agriculture than in front of Aloy mountain.
The climate of the eastern part is also unique, the temperature is 4-5 degrees higher than in other regions of the region, and the vegetative period or frost-free days are 6-8 days, and the total annual temperature is 4000-4100°C. is enough. This allows heat-loving plants to grow here, and harvest 2-3 times from the ground. The amount of precipitation reaches 300-350 mm in the mountainous and easternmost parts of the region. Therefore, it is possible to do farming without irrigation in these places with good soil-relief conditions, and it can be widely used as pasture.
Another important feature of the eastern part is that it is rich in water resources. The main water source is the Karadarya River and Andijonsoy, Shahrikhonsoy, J.F.K. The Savai canal and the Arovon and Akbura rivers are considered. Wide use of these rivers for irrigation was mainly before independence. The Kampirovot dam built on the Karadarya River has been reconstructed. As a result, water consumption in Andijonsoy and Shahrikhonsoy increased. In connection with the construction of the Savoy and Southern Fergana canals to the Karadarya, several thousand hectares of land were appropriated. As a result, a large Savai state farm was established in the region.
In the hilly zone of the eastern part, swamp-peat soil was spread. The reason for the formation of peat-swampy soils here is that the underground water coming from the east-west slope of the plain hit the root part of the hillock and formed swamps and peaty parts. In the following years, collector ditches were dug here and wetlands were drained. As a result, the cultivated areas expanded.
In general, the settlement of the population in the eastern part and the development of agriculture began much later than in other parts of the region.
During the period of the former union, agriculture continued to develop due to the reconstruction of irrigation works and the creation of the material and technical base of agriculture. The completion and operation of the Andijan water reservoir in Karadarya made it possible to improve the irrigation system not only in Andijan region, but also in the entire Fergana valley.
During the years of independence, large horticultural and viticultural associations and farms producing fruit grapes were established in this part. An example of this is the association of fruit growing and viticulture in Khojaabad district.
In addition, animal husbandry occupies an important place in this part. 33.2% of large horned cattle and 42.4% of sheep of the province belong to the eastern part. In the industry of the eastern part, industries that process agricultural products dominate. These include the Korgontepa, Jalakuduq cotton ginning factories, Andijan textile industry branches - Korgontepa, Marhamat spinning and weaving factories. Khojaabad has a large vodka-wine and fruit conservatory factory. [1]
Another territorial component of the province is the western region, which includes the districts of Balikchi, Boz and Shahrikhan. Most of this region consists of newly acquired territories. Its area is 1419.6 km, that is, 33.7% of the region. [2]
The surface of the earth consists mainly of plains (400-450 m), mostly meadow swamps and sandy soils are widespread.
Average temperature in January is 29-34°, average temperature in July is 26-26.5°, frost-free days are 220-223 days. The sum of total temperatures will be 4500-5000 degrees.
The main water source of the western region is Karadarya, Mazgilsoy k.f.k, k.a.k, Shahrikhansoy and others.
Many canals, collectors and ditches have been built in the regions. These include Sarijuga, Sariksu collector, Shahrikhan and Shukurmergan dump and others.
-Balyqchi and Mazgilsoy water systems will be reconstructed and expanded.
This region has become a large agricultural area of the region. Now this region provides 25.3% of the technical crop of the province. But the yield of this region is 5-6 centner pats compared to other regions. It can be said that the main reason for this is the salinity of the soil due to the new development of the territory. This region supplies grain (34.37%, 80.2% of sugar crops and 34.1% of fruits) of the region. [2]
As this western region was later developed, industry was slow to develop. It is mainly made up of the processing industry of agricultural products. Examples of the largest factories are textile factory in Oltinkol, textile and
spinning factory in Chinabad, cotton ginning factory in Boz, cotton ginning factory in Shahrikhan, and milk and butter factories.
Northern part. This part mainly includes Pakhtaabad and Izboskan districts. This part is mainly located on the right side of the Karadarya River, borders the Jalalabad Region of Kyrgyzstan to the North and North-East, the Namangan Region to the West, and the Karadarya River to the South, bordering the Central and Western parts. Its area is 542.5 km, which is 12.6% of the area of the region. [3]
One of the important tasks is to increase the economic potential of the regions by changing (improving) the structure of agriculture in the conditions of market economy reforms implemented in the Republic of Uzbekistan. After all, the development of production forces in any region is achieved on the basis of creating a complex of agriculture with perfect structures.
In the central part, industrial enterprises related to the growth of cotton production, especially the first cotton processing factories, and related oil factories, were also established.
For this purpose, it is of great importance to enrich the structure of the agricultural sector in the conditions of the market economy in our Republic and to place it rationally in the territory of the region.
Regional grain farming network is an ancient and old branch of agriculture, and it is an important farming network that supplies food and livestock feed to the population. Therefore, grain production is developing year by year.
Almost all types of grain are grown in the region - wheat, corn, rice, barley and legumes. But their weight is not the same. More and mainly wheat is grown in the region, which makes up 95.5% of the total grain crops.
Vegetables - potato and potato crops, food and partially edible crops such as grain. Their products are the most important raw materials of the food industry. The growth and location of this economic network is closely related to the growth of the region's industry and population.
References:
1. Ahmadaliev Yu.I. Geoecology of land resource use. - Tashkent: Science and Technology, 2014. - 340 p.
2. Rajabov F.T. Geographical features of the development of farms in rural districts of the Republic of Uzbekistan// Geographical Society of Uzbekistan. -Tashkent, 2014. - No. 44. - B. 40-43.
3. Rakitnikov A.N. Geography of the agricultural economy. - M,: Mysl, 1970. -342 p.
4. Faizullaev M.A. Theoretical basis of territorial organization of agriculture// News of UzMU. - Tashkent, 2014. - No. 3/1. - B. 95-98.
5. Faizullaev M.A. The main features of agricultural development in the newly acquired territories of Uzbekistan// Information of the Geographical Society of Uzbekistan. - Tashkent, 2013. - Volume 41. - B. 121-125.
