CC BY
14FACILITATE TEACHERS' LIFE AND LET THEM GROW
WITHOUT BURDEN
Abuova J.S., Tovmasyan E.A.
Abstract. The basic focus of the paper is oriented on the importance of teacher training for the teachers in the higher education who are obliged to study and get a certificate in the local testing center which is similar to the Cambridge CAE testing system. This proposal suggests integrating language teaching and teacher training to develop teachers' proficiency and teaching skills. This training is going to be provided by specialized educational centers, which will provide teacher trainings in the premises of the university or institute without forcing teachers to go central office of the teacher training organization. The pluses of the training is that it is close to the trainees which does not affect to the life style and the teaching process of the trainee, it is cost efficient as government is not going to spend a lot and most funding will be from the centers and it is reliable because all trainers are going to be professionals with internationally recognized diplomas. These changings might significantly improve the quality of the training by facilitating teachers' life and influence positively on their professional development.
Keywords: Teacher, training, DELTA, TESOL, CERTIFICATE, new methodology.
ВОЗМОЖНОСТИ УЛУЧШЕНИЯ ЖИЗНИ И ПРОФЕССИОНАЛЬНОГО РАЗВИТИЯ УЧИТЕЛЕЙ
Абуова Дж. С., Товмасян Э. А.
Аннотация. Основное внимание в статье уделяется важности подготовки учителей в высших учебных заведениях, которые обязаны учиться и получать сертификат в местном центре тестирования, аналогично кембриджской системе тестирования CAE. В этой программе предлагается объединить курсы повышения языковых и педагогических навыков с курсами повышения квалификации преподавателя. Это обучение будет проводиться специализированными образовательными центрами, которые будут обучать учителей в помещениях университета или института, не заставляя учителей идти в центральный офис организации по их подготовке. Плюсы тренинга в том, что он близок к преподавателям, что не влияет на образ жизни и учебный процесс. Это рентабельно, поскольку правительство не будет тратить крупную сумму, а большая часть финансирования будет поступать из центров. И это надежно, потому что все тренеры будут профессионалами с
международными дипломами. Эти изменения могут значительно улучшить качество обучения, облегчить жизнь учителей и положительно повлиять на их профессиональное развитие.
Ключевые слова: учитель, тренинг, DELTA, TESOL, СЕРТИФИКАТ, новая методика.
Introduction
Uzbekistan is developing with the really fast pace and the field of education is not exception. These days government tries to develop all spheres connected with tourism, trading, investment, and other internationally crucial aspects. However, it is clear that without proper knowledge of English it is going to be much harder to achieve. At the same moment, it must be taken into consideration that institutes and universities are major places that will develop specific language skills of the future professionals. Therefore, we should not think only about students and pupils as potential learners but take into consideration teachers' needs and let them grow and develop. This growth and development might be achieved with the help of Educational Centers which will be also interested in this proposal as it will encourage their business and help them enhance their reputation. As teachers are the core of education, providing them with relevant knowledge and skills by helping them to reach intrinsic motivation is the most essential part of the educational setting. Since these teachers will educate and motivate our future professionals.
To help teachers to develop without any difficulties some situations might be changed and could be implemented for further development. According to Hasanova (2007), school teaching conditions are not appropriate to the CLT (Сommunicative Language Teaching) oriented classes; in addition, most teachers still prefer the usage of Grammar Translation Methodology while conducting classes. These days in most parts of the country this tendency is still relevant, therefore, to improve language learning that is the same for 30 years some actions must be done. The most important teachers' comfort must be taken into account and they should not come to the capital for the professional development and secondly it must be done with the help of professionals who are competent in the language teaching field as well as aware of modern teaching methodologies.
Context
This Proposal is a piloting a version of macro-level work. However, before implementing it in the whole country, it is important to try it at the level of one school. To make the macro-level proposal more realistic and avoid as many slips as possible it is vital to try it at the micro-level as it may prevent extra spending and
may help to avoid unnecessary difficulties later (Siew Kheng & Baldauf, 2011). To my micro-level proposal I have chosen Pedagogical University that is situated in the territory of Chirchik region and it is in the neutral area of Uzbekistan. This Institute is considered relatively young as before it was on the territory of the Angren region and then was moved to the different area. However, there are still a lot of fields and all fields are related to the teaching sphere. That is why starting from future teachers seems to be the most logical. It is not the capital of Tashkent and at the same time, it is not very remote and can be easily controlled later. According to the documents that were presented by the authorities of Chirchik region educational department this institute has more than 10000 students including evening and distance groups. In addition, there are a lot of teachers that are obliged to get C2 certificate to continue their job in the institute. However, the authorities of the university are still waiting for positive results. It is relevant to mention that this useless afford might be not only the teachers' fault. After getting comments from the teachers that have already tried this test it was found that test is not valid and in form of reliability is not very strong. The basic reason for these assumptions are:
1. Given test does not have pretesting trial and it is not checked for reliability
2. It has a lot of differences compared with C1 CEFR standards
3. It gives negative washback to the test takers (based on the test takers comments)
4. Some parts of the test are not fully authentic (grammar part and speaking).
All that aspects make tests a bit complicated to pass and at the same time,
teachers are not fully motivated to attend classes and enhance their knowledge of English. Therefore, it was decided that some changes must be done.
Goals and objectives
The proposal is not completely new. If we study it a bit deeper it is possible to notice that the main goal is not changed. According to the president's order dated May 19, 2021, No. PP-5117 "On measures to raise activities to promote the study of foreign languages in the Republic of Uzbekistan to a qualitatively new level" teachers need to enlarge their knowledge, and to prove it, they need to pass a test that will award them with a C2 level certificate. Therefore, the main goal of the presented proposal is to help teachers achieve the summit to continue their work and educate students with refreshment by growing professionally with fewer difficulties and making their life a little bit simple as it will boost their both teaching and learning abilities. The next objective of this proposal is to teach teachers more methodology and make them more aware of CLT classes. This might be achieved by giving them classes based on these lessons with the help of professionally certified instructors. This way we may apply the DELTA training
style learning methodology while studying in classes. The third objective is providing schools with a minimum of 3 classes that might be appropriate to the CLT classes. It is essential to have rooms with movable tables, whiteboards, i-boards and projectors. Governmental support is really important in this phase as it might need a lot of funding.
First as a piloting version of macro policy "for most teachers getting C1 level" it is tested as micro policy in the context of pedagogical institute in Chirchik. After getting a positive result and achieving the main goal of getting a C1 level this proposal might be used in the context of the whole region or even country.
The basic reason why this institute was chosen for this proposal is that there are a lot of teachers and they are educating future teachers as well. The implementation of this proposal at this university will be springboard to the further development of the teacher trainings that will be efficient and productive. In addition, it is considered the largest institute in the region and it educates most of the young generation of the Chirchik and nearby regions.
Inventory
Tashkent region Chirchik state pedagogical institute has recently been reconstructed, there are a lot of large rooms that can later be used as classes for teaching. In addition, the institute contains a sufficient number of blackboards and desks. However, desks cannot fully satisfy the requirements of CLT classes most of them are not portable and present classical Soviet desks. As a result, the basic gap that might be an issue for us to achieve our objective is furniture. It is necessary to change it and make it convenient for CLT classes.
One more problem that might cause difficulties is the absence of an internet connection. This modern world invention can make lessons more interesting and productive. Additionally, having projectors and whiteboards or even smart boards may make lessons more interactive and teachers may use those rooms later for their English lessons.
Recommendations
There are several very interesting ways to achieve the aim and make teachers more qualified and certified. However, it is important to choose the path that will make teachers' life easier, motivate them, and give some positive examples in language teaching.
For this Proposal, it was chosen the organization of a special contest between private Educational Centers for a special curriculum that might help teachers to achieve the required C1 level and let these centers teach required skills. From the proposal that was presented by Kaiser in the territory of Uruguay, it is possible to
see that Private Educational Centers give positive results in a short timeline (2017). Additionally, I was inspired by the example of our neighbor country Kazakhstan which achieves a lot of positive results by giving teacher trainings to the private Educational Centers. The basic requirement of the contest is that curriculum must be based on the CLT method and teachers must be taught at their teaching context without being moved to another place. After implementing it in real life it is possible to see that teachers will be more interested in new methodology and later may apply them for their classes. Moreover, if classes are conducted in their own building it is much easier for them to devote more time to studying rather than traveling (Clearly- Horsforth, 2007). It is logical that if 1 professional teacher comes and gives lessons to another large number of students, the result will be much higher than all teachers will attend classes in the capital. One more factor is that attendance will be much higher and the productivity of the lesson increases automatically as a result.
In addition, after having CLT-based classes teachers may apply the same methodology in their lessons. According to Harmer (2008), if the teacher is exposed to the teaching environment and tried some new methods on the example it is much easier for teacher to apply them in her/his classes.
One more important recommendation is to provide institution with appropriate furniture and make rooms suitable for CLT classes. It can be done by giving a higher percentage of payment to the educational centers or by providing the school with furniture from the state budget.
Coming to educational centers which will participate in the contest and win governmental scholarship there are some special requirements:
1. Designed curriculum must be based on CLT or Post methods.
2. After presenting Curriculum Educational center must present a list of books and materials that will be taught.
3. Trainer or teacher is required to have a list of documents as:
a. Certificate or diploma that presents their awareness of CLT method (DELTA, Ma TESOL, or others)
b. Certificate of the C1 or C2 proficiency test.
c. 1000 academic hours of teaching experience.
d. After presenting all those documents private Educational center has a large chance to be a winner and help our government to achieve the highest result in the teaching system of foreign languages. The interest of the educational center will be discussed in the funding part.
Timeline (Adopted from Kaizer (2017))
1. 30 days: this is a period when all Educational Centers need to provide all required documents to participate in the contest. After approval of the Proposal, the
Governmental educational site needs to inform all educational centers about the contest. Give them time to prepare and receive their applications.
2. 7 days: a period when Educational Centers will present their curriculums to the authorities and teaching committee. Candidates will have an appointment with each applicant and listen to their suggestions and let them present their curriculum.
3. 3 days for a decision. Announce results to the audience.
4. As soon as the teacher is ready (maximum 2 weeks). Send her/him to the institute, provide her with accommodation if required, and let her/him start lessons.
5. Teaching period. Observe some classes and ask to report about results every 2 weeks.
6. "Testing". On the required day test teachers to see results. After getting positive results to apply that proposal to the macro level.
Additional aspects
Target language
This course is like general English. However, with a large focus on language skills that may help to pass C1 NSFLA as well as leading CLT-based lessons that might help teachers in their future teaching process. Given course must cover such skills as listening, reading, writing, and speaking together with repetition of grammar and lexical resources. One more thing that is essential to achieve our goal is teaching test-taking strategies as knowing the language itself may not be enough to pass the required test. In addition, each lesson should be a perfect example and model of CLT-based classes together with materials that might be helpful to teach multilevel classes.
Assessment
This is the most important part of the proposal as it is based on the assessment. The main objective of the proposal is to enlarge teachers' knowledge and help them to get the required C1 level certificate.
On a required day, State Testing Centre assesses all teachers. Results are presented in 2 weeks.
Actors
According to Zhao, there are special categories to the actors (2011). The same categories might be seen in our proposal as well. The first category is people with power. While speaking at the micro-level proposal which will be held in the institute the authorities of the school and Chirchik region are the main actors. In case of successful results, they might be provided with professional employees. The next category is people with expertise. In case of a successful result, it can be a productive field to study for the linguists of our area as it will present a new era of teacher training. People with influence are the next category. Several people might positively affect the proposal approval. They are bankers and owners of business centers as all financial aspects of the proposal will be held by them. And last but
the most important category is people with interest. They are teachers and trainers. Some actors as parents and students will be really happy as well, as after getting the C1 level, their teachers will be certified and more qualified in CLT teaching.
It is important to take into consideration people that might help to write this proposal and make it more relevant they are professional teachers and teacher trainers as well as the best curriculum designers of the country and foreign professionals that will approve the curriculum during the contest.
Funding
One of the most important parts of the proposal is the Budget. What is the interest of Educational Centers? Why must they participate and try to get this grand? The basic reason is that after being curriculum approved. The government will make their center tax-free for a year and cover all expenses connected with renting for a year. This is a really serious sum of money and any serious and large educational center will be interested in it. According to the Director of one of these Educational centers monthly expenses of the Center is 99 mln. sums and even covering 50% of these expenses will make him be interested to the grand also it was promised to give extra bonuses in form of test payment and even class furnishing as it is still will be financially interesting to the Centre. However, it should be taken into consideration that salary for the teacher will be paid not by the government, but by the Educational center as well. At this stage, it is on-time funding. However, in case of a positive result, the funding sum of the macro-level proposal will be discussed and turn into ongoing.
Reallocation of resources
All reallocation resources that might be needed as books and materials must be covered by Educational Centre. The salary of the teacher including her/his accommodation fees must be provided by the Educational Center as well. The basic reason is that government already covers a lot of expenses for the educational centers. Therefore, this part should not be even discussed
At the same time, the payment at the final stage of the proposal must be covered by Educational Centre as well. The reason is that not all teachers might have the possibility to pay for testing and the results of the proposal and the course itself might not be clear. Therefore, providing Students with these opportunities will show clear result of the research as well.
Summary
This work is a summary of the written proposal which was focused on teacher training program via increasing knowledge of General English and important exam skills for teachers of pedagogical institute which is situated in
Chirchik region of Tashkent city. This program will be taught by CLT methodology as it might not only enhance teachers' knowledge but also be a good example for their future career as English teachers.
The main focus of the proposal is to analyze some reasons for not effective current teacher training programs and presenting some new objectives for achievement C1 level which is important for their future perspectives both economically and professionally (The decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated December 10, 2012 No. PP-1875 "On measures to further improve the system of learning foreign languages").The main objective of the proposal is to help teachers of the institute to get C1 level certificates by teaching them with the help of certified specialists and give them lessons on their premises; in this case, it is pedagogical school. As it is the best way to boost their productivity and make them work even much harder as the content will be familiar and as a result more prolific for them. After getting positive results, all actors will be in benefit. Teachers will get a higher salary, leading to intrinsic motivation and even higher scores of students in achievement tests. (Moran, Kilpatrick, Abbott, Dallat, & McClune, 2001, p. 19). To achieve this goal it is decided to present grants for certified Educational centers and let them compete by presenting the best curriculum on language teaching based on CLT methodology. Also, it is crucial to provide or choose centers with a certified specialist with internationally recognized certificates as CELTA, DELTA, or TESOL as they are going not only teach but also present new methodology while training process. It is important to indicate the interest of Private Educational Centers, as funding one of the most intriguing and delicate parts of the proposal. It is decided that the winners of the grants will be helped financially in a form of a tax-free policy and the rent payment for their Educational Centers. One more factor that must be taken into consideration is that government should not bother with further payments as teacher's salary or material provision. Since Educational Centre which will win this grant needs to provide teachers with all required things. This factor might facilitate part of the burden from the government's shoulders and make it appealing to the whole country and change autonomy in this area.
After being approved, the proposal will start a selection process, and starting from this point until the testing day and announcement of the teacher's result it must be about half a year. Hopefully, after getting a positive result this proposal might be used not only at the micro-level but also at the macro level in the whole territory of Uzbekistan. I consider it a very interesting experiment. Since, as it was mentioned by our President Shavkat Miramonovich Mirziyayev we must open all opportunities to private business (Presidential Decree of the Republic of Uzbekistan, No 2022, 2016 ), and Educational Center is one example of that private business.
One more reason why I chose this proposal is my inspiration for Kazakhstan teaching training program that is focused on two organizations "ORLEU" and "Nazarbayev school". Moreover, some certified educational centers after winning the grant can apply their methodology and teach teachers even in very remote territories. It is work of not only one organization but positive competition between organizations that are ready to compete and win the grant. As a result, this teacher training program is working for more than ten years and gives a lot of positive results. Most important all teachers are content and it is possible to see the development of the country in the field of the language skills (Kurmanov, Yeleussov, Aliyev, & Tolysbayev, 2015, p.7).
To conclude, I am sure that it is very important to search for all possible ways to achieve the desired goal and applying some methods that already got positive results and might be the best way. Therefore, to give our children to the most qualified hands with sufficient knowledge government and population must try to improve current situation.
References
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Kaiser, D. (2017). English language teaching in Uruguay. World Englishes,. P 8. Kurmanov, N., Yeleussov, A., Aliyev, U., & Tolysbayev, B. (2015). Developing effective educational strategies in Kazakhstan. Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences, 6(5), 54.
Moran, A., Kilpatrick, R., Abbott, L., Dallat, J., & McClune, B. (2001). Training to teach: Motivating factors and implications for recruitment. Evaluation & Research in Education, 15(1), 17-32.
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Presidential Decree of the Republic of Uzbekistan On further improvement of the
foreign Language teaching system N01875, (2012).
https://kun.uz/uz/news/time/prezident-karorlari-va-farmonlari
Presidential Decree of the Republic of Uzbekistan No. 352 (2013)
https://kun.uz/uz/news/time/prezident-karorlari-va-farmonlari
The President signed a decree dated May 19, 2021, No. PP-5117 "On measures to
raise activities to promote the study of foreign languages in the Republic of
Uzbekistan to a qualitatively new level"
https: //www. norma. uz
HUDUDIY IQTISODIYOTDA ILMIY-ISHLAB CHIQARISH KLASTERLARINI SHAKLLANTIRISH VA ISHLASH XUSUSIYATLARI
Usmonov B. Sh.
Annotatsiya. Maqolada ilmiy - ishlab chiqarish klasterlarini shakllantirishning asosiy shartlari hamda ularning maqsad va vazifalari muhokama qilinadi. Klasterni rivojlantirishda davlatning roli va iqtisodiyotning klasterning ta'siri darajasi aniqlanadi. O'zbekiston Respublikasining eng istiqbolli ilmiy - ishlab chiqarish klasterlari tahlili o'tkazilib, ularning hududlar iqtisodiyotining raqobatbardoshligini oshirishga ta'siri ko'rib chiqilmoqda.
Kalit so'zlar: ilmiy - ishlab chiqarish klasteri, sinergetik effekt, innovatsiyalar, davlatlar, raqobatdoshlik, iqtisodiy o'sish, hudud
FEATURES OF FORMATION AND FUNCTIONING OF SCIENTIFIC -INDUSTRIAL CLUSTERS IN THE REGIONAL ECONOMY
Usmonov B.Sh.
Abstract. The article considers the basic conditions for the formation of scientific and production clusters, as well as their goals and objectives. The role of the state in the development of the cluster and the degree of influence of the cluster on the economy. The analysis of the most promising research and production clusters of the Republic of Uzbekistan, and considered their impact on the competitiveness of the regional economy.
Keywords: scientific-production cluster, synergies, innovation, state, competitiveness, economic growth, region
Hozirgi vaqtda ilm-fanni talab qiladigan texnologiyalardan oqilona foydalanish aksariyat hududlar iqtisodiyotining raqobatbardoshligini oshirishning
