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EXTREME TOURISM: DEFINITIONS, TYPES, AND TECHNOLOGY FOR ORGANIZING EXTREME ROUTES Sarsenbay Sh.1, Kulakhmetova G.2
Sarsenbay Shyngys - master's degree Student, DIRECTION: TOURISM;
Kulakhmetova Gulbaram - Doctor PhD, KAZAKH ACADEMY OF SPORTS AND TOURISM, ALMATY, REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN
Abstract: сurrently, adventure and extreme tourism is developing very progressively-it combines trips that are associated with active methods of recreation and movement in nature, which set themselves the goal of getting new impressions, sensations, achieving sports results and improving the tourist's physical fitness. Special types of adventure tourism are extreme tourism, which is actively gaining strength all over the world, and in Kazakhstan. Extreme tourism is one of the types of active recreation that in one form or another is associated with risk. Keywords: еxtreme tourism, extreme route, route, tourism, development and implementation of extreme routes.
Many people are eager to see the beauty of the world under water, go down a mountain slope on skis or jump from a plane with a parachute. In Europe, the development of extreme tourism started and became more widespread in the late 1980s and early 1990s. And in Kazakhstan, since the mid-2000s. This type of tourism is becoming more popular every year, and tourists generally prefer other types of tourism. Are still popular such directions of tourism as: cultural, educational, beach, etc.
Most likely, this is because a huge part of tourists do not know what extreme tourism is, how much it all costs, where it is possible to go, and in many cases you do not even need to go outside your city. Unfortunately, in Kazakhstan, extreme tourism is not as well developed as in Europe or other parts of the world.
We should not forget the fact that recently in Kazakhstan,
tourism and the hospitality industry were given an unacceptably
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small role, despite the fact that the practice and experience of other countries suggest the opposite. And also, such a careless attitude to the tourism industry led to the fact that tourism developed only in one direction, as outbound, and this led to a rather large outflow of large financial resources abroad, with a simultaneous decrease in income from foreign tourism.
In connection with the above, the relevance of theoretical and practical research of extreme tourism is of particular importance due to the need for such works.
In connection with the above, the relevance of theoretical and practical research of extreme tourism is of particular importance due to the need for such works.
The relevance of this topic is determined by certain circumstances:
- development of inbound and domestic tourism are priority types of tourism development in the Republic of Kazakhstan;
- Kazakhstan's nature, having a fairly good tourist potential, unfortunately, is an insufficiently developed tourism center, and is not ready to offer a wide range of services and high quality of service for tourists.
The object of research in this paper is extreme tourism.
The purpose of this work is to consider extreme tourism and the technology of organizing extreme routes.
On the basis of this goal it is necessary to solve the following tasks:
- define "extreme tourism", consider its varieties and experience in organizing extreme routes;
- study the classification of extreme tourism and its types;
- to consider the technology of the organization of adventure tourism.
Extreme tourism is an emotionally vivid form of recreation that promotes health and versatile education of a person. Currently, extreme tourism is equally popular among young people, as well as among experienced tourists or athletes.
Extreme tourism is a kind of recreation. It is associated with visiting unusual places: waterfalls, volcanoes, Islands, disaster sites, etc.
Engaging in activities related to the exotic, for example: rafting on mountain rivers (rafting), a trip for hunting, animal watching (Safari).
Use of unusual vehicles for moving: camels, dog sleds, balloons, elephants, etc.
In most cases, extreme tourism involves a lot of risk, serious physical exertion, and requires special skills and courage from tourists. The classification of types of tourism is shown in table 1.
Table 1. Classification of types of tourism
Kind of tourism Characteristic of species
Cultural-cognitive Tourism for the purpose of getting acquainted with historical, cultural and natural attractions
Hunting and fishing The purpose of this tourism is hunting wild animals and birds, fishing
Extreme tourism Tourism related to the acute experiences of the tourist during the tour and involving his active participation in the tour program
Ethnographic A type of cultural and educational tourism
Medical-sanitary Tourism for the prevention of diseases, as well as the treatment of specific diseases. It involves a long stay in special institutions
Business Business trips for business purposes, including visits to scientific conferences, seminars, and special exhibitions
Development of routes - quite not easy to develop routes must have a sufficiently high qualification and experience in the development of a more simple route. The development of an extreme route can take from a few days to two or three months.
If the route is a one-time (custom-made), the process of creating it is simplified, except for events that ensure the safety of tourists on the route.
In the Soviet Union, there were about 24 thousand routes, including about 400 all-Union routes in the system of trade Union tourism.
You must follow several steps when developing a route.
The stages of route development are shown in table 2
Table 2. Shows the stages of route development
1 Research of tourist resources on the proposed route route
2 Identification of restrictions on the consumption of tourist resources
3 Marketing of the market for tourist services on this route
4 Determining the route type
5 Building a sketch model of the route
6 Building a route route
7 Drawing up a travel calendar and group travel schedule
8 Linking a route to life support points
9 Development of a route safety scheme
10 The development of a passport of a route
11 Approval of the passport with the relevant services
12 Trial trip along the route
13 Making changes to the route layout
14 Review and approval of the route
Some questions need to be determined when developing any route:
- choosing a route is one of the most important points of preparation. It depends on what goal the group sets for itself.
Goals can be grouped in some way: physical training associated with long Hiking trips, outdoor recreation, visiting a natural or historical monument. of course, they can be combined in real development;
- determining the complexity of the route. Some parts of the routes run on good roads and therefore have no connection with overcoming natural obstacles. Road signs and overview schemes "these parts of the route do not require map material" located in places of mass recreation are quite sufficient. It is not necessary to arrange long halts during such hikes, since the movement time of the "active" is limited. Other routes are laid not only on roads, but also through swamps and clearings; along the banks of rivers and lakes; mountains and passes; and along forest paths and glades. There are natural obstacles in the form of ditches, rocks, windbreaks, streams, hummocks. A tourist map or map is required. Long halts and overnight accommodation are mandatory.
You must also follow the following rules:
- the length and complexity of the sections of the "day" crossing route should be within the power of all members of the group;
- to move between tourist sites, you must use local transport, as well as transport belonging to the travel Agency "organizing the trip". a significant part of the route is covered by any means of active movement, but mostly on foot;
- Parking lots for long halts and overnight stays should, if possible, be provided with fuel and food, comfortably equipped, and equipped with communications;
- when planning a route in case of an unexpected delay, the time reserve is taken into account.
When developing a route, you must use any necessary material: guidebooks and other local history literature, cartographic material, reference books.
For a General study of the route, it is necessary to use the overview schemes of guidebooks. To build a route route more accurately, you can use: road atlases, special tourist maps, and maps of the region.
It is also necessary to coordinate routes with the modes of admission to nature reserves, transport schedules, and so on. The development of the route is completed by approving and approving the route passport.
Carrying out extreme routes is a multi-stage and very complex procedure, which requires a sufficiently high qualification. it is one of the main elements of tourist service technology in General.
When conducting extreme tourist routes, you should strive to:
- optimal loading of the material base of tourist facilities and high financial efficiency of routes;
- providing a very high quality of service as the main factor that determines the quality of routes;
- ensuring the safety of tourists, compliance with current legislation on environmental protection and historical and architectural monuments;
- reasonable use of tourist and excursion resources, rich content of tourist, excursion and cultural sections of service programs;
- rational specialization and cooperation of tourist enterprises and organizations among themselves, as well as with related organizations and enterprises, organizations, trade, transport and other departments and ministries.
Some parts of the routes run on quite "decent" roads and therefore are not associated with overcoming natural obstacles. They do not require cartographic material - road signs and survey schemes located in places of mass recreation are quite sufficient. During such hikes, it is not necessary to arrange long halts, since the time of active movement is short.
Other routes are laid not only on roads, but also on forest paths and glades; along the banks of rivers and lakes; through swamps and clearings; mountains and passes. Here you can meet the individual's natural obstacles: fallen trees, hummocks, stones, streams, ditches. A map or tourist map is required. Long halts and overnight accommodation are required.
When conducting extreme routes, it is advisable to follow the following rules:
- according to the complexity and length of the route section of the day crossing should be able to all tourists;
- places for long stops and overnight stays are located as comfortably as possible, you can find fuel supplies and some local food nearby, and it is also desirable to have a cellular network;
- to move between tourist sites, use local transport as necessary, as well as transport belonging to the travel Agency that organizes the trip, a significant part of the route is covered on foot and by other means of active movement;
- when planning a route, the time reserve is taken into account in case of unexpected delays on the way.
Also, before carrying out the route itself, you need to take care of special equipment "if necessary". Equipment can be divided into personal, group and special.
Personal equipment - things that are necessary for each tourist personally. Group equipment is used by the entire group. Special equipment is necessary for performing local history, expedition tasks (Botanical, geological, archaeological, etc.). special
equipment includes items (group and personal) that are necessary for carrying out certain specific hikes (repshnur, nakomarniki, ropes, carbines, etc.). when conducting complex hikes, there is a need for such equipment.
General requirements for tourist equipment are minimum weight and volume, safe operation, comfort, durability, ease of use, hygiene, versatility, aesthetics.
References
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2. Regional target program "Development of domestic and inbound tourism in the Primorsky territory" for 2011-2016 / Official website of the Primorsky territory administration / [Electronic resource]. URL: http://www.primorsky.ru/authorities/executive-agencies/departments/tourism-pk / (date of access: 21.12.2020).
3. Prostakishina N.P., Zenkina E.S. Resource potential of the Primorsky territory as a factor in the development of domestic and inbound tourism / / Young scientist, 2015. № 4. Pp. 313318.
4. Development of extreme tourism in the Krasnodar region (on the example of kiting). [Electronic resource]. URL: http://bibliofond.ru/view.aspx?id=587005/ (date of access: 21.12.2020).
5. Federation of sports tourism of Russia / Rules of competitions of tourist sports trips, travel and organization of sports tours. [Electronic resource]. URL: http://www.tssr.ru/main/spp/rules/188/ (date of access: 21.12.2020).
