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0Central Asian Journal of
Education and Innovation
EXPRESSION OF THE INTELLECTUAL ASSESSMENT OF A PERSON IN ENGLISH IN PHRASEOLOGICAL UNITS
Mengniyozova Zebo
teacher of the department of foreign language and department of the faculty of Foreign philology of National university of Uzbekistan named after Mirzo Ulugbek https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11408209
ARTICLE INFO
ABSTRACT
Qabul qilindi: 20-May 2024 yil Ma'qullandi: 25- May 2024 yil Nashr qilindi: 31- May 2024 yil
KEY WORDS
Phraseologisms are special units of language in which the cultural identity of the people is reflected. They indirectly reflect the views of the people, the social system, the ideology of their era..
The phraseological wealth of any language is the property of its national linguistic consciousness. Most phraseological units are untranslatable into other languages: each nation shows its nature in them, the familiar figurative turn of speech. The impact of phraseological units gives the language vividness of the national character and unique flavor that distinguishes one from the other both the languages of centuries-old culture and the literary languages newly composed by writing.
Phraseologisms are special units of language in which the cultural identity of the people is reflected. They indirectly reflect the views of the people, the social system, the ideology of their era. The phraseological wealth of any language is the property of its national linguistic consciousness. Most phraseological units are untranslatable into other languages: each nation shows its nature in them, the familiar figurative turn of speech. The impact of phraseological units gives the language vividness of the national character and unique flavor that distinguishes one from the other both the languages of centuries-old culture and the literary languages newly composed by writing. English is very rich in phraseological units. His phraseological system captures the vast historical experience of the people, reflecting the life and culture of the nation. Getting acquainted with a foreign language, a person simultaneously penetrates into a new national culture. When studying phraseological units, first of all, one should talk about the evaluative value of phraseological units - quality, derived from their emotional significance. In accordance with the definition of V.N. Telia, by assessment, is meant "a judgment on the value of the whole or its individual property". The presence of evaluations in phraseologisms denoting the intellectual properties of a person is due to the fact that "evaluative values always relate to the rules of life and form a valuable picture of the world, always something specific to a particular linguistic composition" (Telia, 1977:160). From the above it follows that intelligence is a value, the presence of intelligence is evaluated positively, the absence is negative. The term intelligence was introduced by the Austrian scientist W. Stern in 1911. The study of phraseological units of intelligence and mental abilities, especially in the English language, is done by few linguists, which is the relevance of this work. II. Literature review There are various methods of organizing phraseological units. Linguists have not yet developed a single principle for the classification of phraseological units. We will
consider several classifications of phraseological units of the English language, offered by different authors. 1. Semantic classification of phraseological units Most well-known is the classification of Academician V.V. Vinogradov. In accordance with it, all phraseological units from the point of view of the semantic unity of the components are divided into three categories: phraseological fusions, phraseological units, phraseological combinations (Vinogradov, 1977:126). It is well known that phraseological units arise from a free combination of words, which is used in a figurative meaning. Let us analyze these types of phraseological units in use in modern English. Phraseological fusions, or idioms, are completely indivisible, indecomposable stable combinations, the general meaning of which does not depend on the meaning of the words that compose them: kick the bucket (dec.) - to die.
Expression of intellectual assessment of a person in English through phraseological units can provide insights into individuals' cognitive abilities, problem-solving skills, and communication styles. Phraseological units are fixed expressions or idiomatic phrases that convey specific meanings beyond the sum of their parts. Here are some theoretical approaches to consider when using phraseological units to express intellectual assessment in English:
1. Cognitive Linguistics Perspective:
- "Sharp as a tack": This phraseological unit suggests that an individual is quickwitted, intelligent, and mentally agile. It reflects a cognitive assessment of someone's intellectual sharpness and ability to think quickly and effectively.
- "Bright as a button": This expression conveys the idea of someone being intelligent, alert, and perceptive. It reflects a positive intellectual assessment of an individual's mental acuity and cognitive capabilities.
2. Socio-Cultural Analysis:
- "A few sandwiches short of a picnic": This phraseological unit is a humorous way to suggest that someone may not be very intelligent or may lack common sense. It reflects a socio-cultural assessment of intellectual capabilities in a light-hearted manner.
- "Not the sharpest tool in the shed": This expression implies that someone is not very intelligent or clever. It reflects a socio-cultural assessment of intellectual abilities using a metaphor related to tools and sharpness.
3. Pragmatic Evaluation:
- "Brainiac": This informal term is used to describe someone who is very intelligent or knowledgeable. It reflects a pragmatic evaluation of an individual's intellectual prowess and academic achievements.
- "Einstein": Referring to someone as an "Einstein" is a way to praise their intelligence or expertise in a particular field. It reflects a pragmatic evaluation of someone's intellectual capabilities based on a well-known figure associated with genius.
4. Stylistic Assessment:
- "A mind like a steel trap": This phraseological unit suggests that someone has a very sharp and retentive memory, indicating high intellectual capabilities. It reflects a stylistic assessment of cognitive abilities using a vivid metaphor.
- "A walking encyclopedia": This expression describes someone who has a vast amount of knowledge on various subjects. It reflects a stylistic assessment of intellectual
capabilities by comparing the individual to a comprehensive reference source.
By using phraseological units to express intellectual assessment in English, evaluators can convey nuanced judgments about individuals' cognitive abilities, problem-solving skills, and intellectual strengths in a concise and culturally resonant manner. These expressions provide rich insights into how language is used to evaluate and characterize intellectual capabilities in diverse contexts.
Here is some more theoretical information about the expression of intellectual assessment of a person in English through phraseological units:
1. Semantic Analysis:
- "Smart cookie": This phraseological unit describes someone who is clever, intelligent, or quick-witted. It emphasizes the person's intellectual abilities and problemsolving skills.
- "Brain like a sponge": This expression suggests that someone has a remarkable ability to absorb and retain information quickly. It reflects a semantic analysis of intellectual assessment based on the metaphor of a sponge soaking up water.
2. Psycholinguistic Perspective:
- "Quick on the uptake": This phraseological unit implies that someone grasps things quickly and easily. It reflects a psycholinguistic assessment of cognitive processing speed and comprehension abilities.
- "Sharp as a razor": This expression conveys the idea of someone having keen intellect and sharp analytical skills. It reflects a psycholinguistic perspective on cognitive sharpness and mental agility.
3. Discourse Analysis:
- "A mind like a computer": This phraseological unit compares someone's cognitive abilities to that of a computer, emphasizing efficiency and accuracy in processing information. It reflects a discourse analysis of intellectual assessment through modern technological metaphors.
- "A font of knowledge": This expression describes someone who possesses a vast amount of information on various subjects. It reflects a discourse analysis of intellectual assessment by highlighting the individual's role as a valuable source of knowledge.
4. Sociolinguistic Evaluation:
- "Whiz kid": This term is used to describe a young person who is exceptionally skilled or knowledgeable in a particular area. It reflects a sociolinguistic evaluation of intellectual capabilities and expertise.
- "Mastermind": Referring to someone as a "mastermind" suggests that they are highly intelligent and capable of strategic thinking. It reflects a sociolinguistic evaluation of intellectual assessment by emphasizing leadership and problem-solving skills.
By examining phraseological units from various linguistic perspectives, including semantics, psycholinguistics, discourse analysis, and sociolinguistics, we can gain a deeper understanding of how language is used to assess and characterize intellectual abilities in English. These expressions not only provide insights into individuals' cognitive strengths but also reflect cultural values, social perceptions, and communicative strategies related to intellectual assessment.
References:
1. Vinogradov V. V. Izbrannie trudi. Leksikologiya i leksikografiya. - M.: 1977. - S. 140-161.
2. Teliya V.N. Vtorichnaya nominasiya i yee vidi // Yazikovaya nominasiya (vidi naimenovaniy) / Otv. red. B.A. Serebrennikov. - M.. 1977. - s. 160.
3. Shanskiy N.M. Leksikologiya sovremennogo russkogo yazika. - M., 1964.- s.23.
4. Kunin A.V. Bol'shoy anglo-russkiy frazeologicheskiy slovar'. - M.: Rus. yaz. - Media, 2005. -s.1210 .
5. Collins Cobuild Dictionary of Idioms / HarperCollins Publishers, 2002;
6. The Oxford Dictionary of Phrase, Saying and Quotation. Oxford University Press, 2002;
