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EXPRESSION OF MYSTICAL IMAGES IN UZBEK STORYWORKING
Jurakulov Sardor
Trainee-teacher of the Department of "Uzbek Literary Studies" at the Faculty of Philology and Language Teaching Gulistan State University e-mail: [email protected]
ARTICLE INFO
ABSTRACT
Received: 30th December 2023 Accepted: 04th January 2024 Online: 05th January 2024
KEY WORDS Mysticism, imagination,
adventure-mystic direction, theological world, artistic features, interpretation of heroes, theoretical laws, writing style, theological teaching, philosophical teaching.
In this article, Erkin Usmanov's adventure-mystical stories are artistically analyzed, and the opinions about the fact that these stories are written in a mystical direction, and the effective use of portrait lines to show the individual characteristics of the characters, are stated. Conclusions were made that the artistic details in the works have their own significance, that they served as the main tools of mysticism in the works, and that the use of artistic image tools helped to reflect the main ideological intention.
"Mystic - greek mystikos - means hidden, mysterious. A religious belief consisting of believing in the supernatural world, gods and divine forces, and the ability of a person to communicate with the divine world" [2, 24]. The vision of an incomprehensible spiritual and divine realm [6, 2] mysticism (from the greek verb "myein", "envelop", mystikos, "closed, hidden or mysterious") the maximum union of the human soul with the holy god is very difficult to achieve refers to the type of experience that is achieved during earthly existence.
Mystical vision is an inner vision, and therefore it originates within us, in our unconscious. To be a mystic is to believe in God without having to see or feel it. It is to trust him completely, to entrust him with all of his being, to know that almost nothing is known about him; that it has never been fully understood and has not yet been seen with absolute clarity. And yet, knowing it deep inside [2, 25].
Mysticism (another Greek word for "mysterious, mysterious", "mysterious, mysterious", "initiation into mysterious, mysterious rites") - the belief in the existence of supernatural forces with which man is supposedly connected and with which he can mysteriously communicate; also - a sacred religious practice aimed at experiencing direct union with God (or gods, spirits, other immaterial entities). The set of theological and philosophical teachings devoted to the justification and understanding of this practice is called mysticism [2, 28].
In another sense, mysticism is a special type of religious-philosophical cognitive activity. Apart from the usual ways of knowing the truth - experience, pure reason, tradition and authority - most religious and metaphysical thought always admits the possibility of direct communication between the knowing subject and the absolute object of knowledge. God is the
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essence of everything. If such communication is recognized as the only or at least the most correct and appropriate way to know and understand the truth, and all other ways are ignored as inferior or unsatisfactory, then the so-called mysticism A certain tendency of exclusive thinking appears.
In the Russian Empire, as well as in Europe, mysticism became widespread among aristocrats at the end of the 19th century. Contemporary manifestations of Russian interest in mystical "sciences" include related television programs such as "Battle of Psychics", "Psychics Investigating" and others. This format is criticized by scientists and even by TV broadcasters: for example, Boris Sobolev's film "Going to Hell" and its sequel "Going to..." destroy the belief in the reality of such mystical programs, especially psychics.
In Russian literature, the most famous author who worked in the mystical genre (fantasy; in this case, Slavic mythology) was Nikolai Vasilievich Gogol: a collection of short stories "Evenings on a farm near Dikanka", the story "Viy". Pushkin's story "Princess of the Future" and Lermontov's unfinished story "Stoss" can be associated with mysticism. Also, Alexei Konstantinovich Tolstoy turned to mysticism in some of his works: he wrote the story "Ghoul", "The Ghoul Family" and "The Three Hundred Year Meeting".
In Uzbek literature, the mystical image remains a characteristic feature of Erkin Usmanov's works. Erkin Usmanov's works are on modern themes, and they honor such high qualities as sincerity and nobility, honesty and goodness, beauty and spiritual purity among people. In particular, this thing is highlighted in the writer's story "If you have a problem in your heart". As a translator, Adib translated the works of authors such as Karel Chapek, Green, Paustovsky from Russian and English into Uzbek.
The writer's later stories, such as "Gunafsha", "A gift from a son", "The world is full of light", also attracted the attention of the demanding literary public. He is also the author of a number of TV and radio plays, such as "A Man Who Carried a Load", "Four People in a Room", "My Mother", "Yakhshilik".
Journalist and editor Erkin Usmanov's passion for literature and creativity awakened early, and he received his first literary lesson in the "Young Writers" circle. As a translator, Adib translated the works of a number of writers from Russian and English into Uzbek. The writer's later stories and short stories also attracted the attention of the demanding literary public. He is also the author of a number of television and radio plays.
"Later, I became interested in the work of one of our writers, Erkin Usmanov. He is a unique writer. You can't confuse his works with anyone else's. You will recognize it immediately. In 2008, he published the collection "Death Alley". He called this book adventure-detective stories and stories. However, the works in it corresponded more to the directions of mysticism and thriller, rather than to the named genre. This year, he released a book called "The deceased comes at eight o'clock late" and, unlike the previous one, called it a collection of adventure-mystical short stories and stories. This is very close to the truth. Because the writer's language tends to produce only mystical works. Whether he likes it or not, each of his works reflects abnormal situations. Such situations exist in every work of Erkin Usmanov" [7, 2].
In fact, Erkin Usmanov's works were written in an adventure-mystical direction. If we explain the word "mystic", this phrase is derived from the Greek word "mistikos" and means mysterious, hidden. The reality around us seems simple at first glance. Usually, a person
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believes only in the reality that he sees with his own eyes, hears and feels with other parts of his body. It has always been like that, and it's almost like that now. However, in the 21st century, progress on Earth has reached such a level that we now believe in the existence of invisible electromagnetic waves. Otherwise, radio, TV, and mobile phone communications would not exist without them. This is the simplest and most obvious example. Also, many people are beginning to believe that there is power in the good or bad wishes of other people. Because, in the process of thinking, electromagnetic waves spread in the human mind and affect the environment - this has been proven by many experiments in science. In a modern medical center, they will tell you that you need to undergo a magnetic resonance imaging or an ultrasound examination. These processes are carried out only with the help of invisible waves radiating from the organs of our body and devices that can "read" them. "No, I don't believe it because I can't feel them!" the ignorant will cause his health to be misdiagnosed and his recovery will certainly be difficult. So, there are secrets of nature that our body cannot feel. On the basis of these, fantastic or mystical trends in fiction are formed and continue to develop.
"After I studied the aspects of the mystical genre through my literature and information on the Internet, I came to the conclusion that in the works written in this direction, the reality of our reality is described in harmony with other, mysterious phenomena that we cannot feel with our four limbs. . So, it can be concluded that mysticism is a genre that goes along with the development of our time" [7, 2].
Currently, the direction of mysticism occupies a very large place in world literature and cinematography. Alfred Hitchcock's and John Carpenter's films, which I personally recognize, taken in the 1960s and 1980s, have now become classics. Interest in such art is huge in all developed countries. The main reason is that it brings the reader into the depths of mysterious and unusual events and gives a strong push to the mind.
"I found out one more thing - there are two types of mysticism. The first is simple mysticism. Some mysterious events are told in it, which will definitely keep the reader excited until the end of the work. The second is philosophical mysticism. In this, mysterious and exciting events are completed with a philosophical solution, and the reader is shown by artistic means what actions lead to disaster and what kind of actions lead to happiness and a noble goal. In my opinion, both these directions have the right to live" [7, 3].
Erkin Usmanov's new collection has such a duality. For example, the story "Glasses", "Magic in the Eye of the Ring", "The Deceased Comes at Eight O'clock", "Butterfly", "Tsharad", "The Fourth Incident" corresponds to the first direction, while "To the Elevator" "Five people who came out", "My friend Horatio", "The spell between the claws", "Lain", "Yogyi" and other works belong to the second direction. However, every example of creativity in this book can attract the reader's attention in any situation. It is natural for the reader, especially after reading some of the stories, to shudder.
It is not because of the mysteriousness and abnormality of the events, but when one feels the plight and punishments of those who commit evil in their lives, obey the devil, sell their conscience, close and distant people for a small profit without being able to control their ego. Every reader may involuntarily and accidentally think that if I do such a thing, I will end up in such a miserable situation. After all, this is the task of real literature. That is, it can be said that
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it can give a person aesthetic pleasure. It is a feature of our fiction that every work should teach the reader to live correctly, to be honest and pious.
In the process of reading the book "The Dead Comes at Eight Late", I had the illusion that some of the stories were finished at the level of the masters of modern mystical prose, Stephen King, Michael Crichton and Dean Koons. The story "Five people who got into the elevator" was especially liked. This is a work of real philosophy. It is written a little more simply, but it reaches the human heart. Likewise, "Lain" deserves praise. It is a cautionary tale" [7, 3].
Not all works in the collection are of the same quality. For example, let's take the story "Glasses". The main character is an unlucky person who chose the wrong path in his life. Serves as a research worker. It seems that everyone around him is working against him. The teacher does not allow favoritism. Managers are not promoted to a new position. He also has a bad relationship with his wife. He has no children. Finally, they break up. So, the evils of the whole existence will rain down on him. Finally, one day he finds a pair of glasses. When the owner does not come out, he puts it on and the world starts laughing at him. As a result, he achieves certain successes. Big and small will like it. She will get married and have a daughter. He will gain prestige. But, by chance, he breaks the glasses and returns to his original, pitiful state... There are many such works written in the history of literature. From the English fantasy writer Herbert Wells to the writers of the recent past. There is no new event, philosophical thought, or lesson to be found in this story. The work is like a retelling of a lesson.
Many of the characters are unlucky, uneducated, and indecisive. They live their lives expecting a miracle from life. They also encounter such miracles. Sometimes these events help them, sometimes they throw them into a vortex of destruction. In addition, the faces and thoughts of people in different stories seem to be similar to each other. The collection is not without other flaws.
"Erkin Usmanov is developing a new direction in Uzbek literature - the genre of national and modern mysticism. Despite some shortcomings, for this work, he should only be supported and congratulated. Still, I believe that many followers will follow him. If only someone could spread fiction as widely as this writer. If he creates on such a large scale" [7, 3].
Erkin Usmanov's adventure-mystic stories are artistically quite perfect stories, in which portrait lines are effectively used to show the individual characteristics of the characters..
Artistic details are also of special importance in stories. They served as the main tools of mysticism in the works. The use of artistic imagery in the author's language also helped to reflect the main ideological intention. In general, the artistic features of mystical stories are formed in a unique way.
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