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Jahongirov E.D.
Specialist of the Samarkand city branch of the Samarkand regional branch of
the State Cadastre Chamber of the Cadastre Agency under the State Tax
Committee of the Republic of Uzbekistan
EXPLORATION OF UNDERGROUND FACILITIES
Annotation. This article focuses on the design of the first tram track to be built in Samarkand, geodetic surveys, organization and installation of the project, as well as the organization of geodetic works and their accuracy, as well as the selection of the necessary geodetic tools.
Key words: Linear construction, pumping station, placement of the distance, longitudinal profile, heat transmission.
Pipe composition of conductors. Structures designed for long-distance transportation of oil, gas and oil products are called main pipelines. They include:
1) mining pipelines;
2) main structures consisting of a pumping station;
intermediate stations located at intervals of 80 along the highway;100 km
Linear constructions consisting of 500- diameter pipelines.1420 mm
For ease of use, telephone lines and earth are laid along the pipeline route.
is buried in the ground at a depth not less than the pipelines. At a depth below 0,8 mthe water table when crossing a water barrier 0,5 m. The slope of small-diameter pipelines is designed parallel to the relief of the site. Longitudinal profile is made along the slope distance.
The track plan is made according to the horizontal placement of the distance.
Research work for the preparation of a technical project. The main facility area is the starting point of the pipeline, and the final point is the plant, base or distribution site. Between these points, a pipeline route is selected that meets all technical requirements and requires low construction costs.
Track options the most short direction chose without topographical on the card is determined. Opportunity as long as track in construction use on purpose iron them and car to the roads closer clay is removed.
Selected track direction along 1:10000, 1:12000 scale get a plan from the plane will be done. In place geodetic justification is established and aerial photographs geodetic tie up done is increased.
It is not allowed to pass the highway closer than 200 km to populated areas
300 m
At the same time, oil pipelines are passed from residential areas through a low level, gas pipelines through a high level.
As a result of the exploration works, along the "Buyuk Ipak Yo'li" street in the direction of the "Railway station" - "Sattepo" tramway, at a depth of 1-1.5
meters, the state unitary enterprise "Issiqlik Manbasi" of the city of Samarkand it was found that the relevant heat transmission and drinking water transmission networks belonging to the "Suvokova" state unitary enterprise were transferred. These networks were completely removed from under the tramway route, the heat transmission network was completely removed, the drinking water transmission network and its kshndalan networks crossing the street were also buried to the right side of the tramway route to a depth of 2-2.5 meters. transferred.
Pipeline routing. Pipelines are laid out to make working drawings. In this, turning angles are measured and fixed, pickets are planned and leveled, intersections and crossings are planned. The search party will do the work. It includes surveyor, geologist, digging master and workers. Rapers will be installed along the track at 2 3 km.
The track 50 kmis connected to geo-geographical points at intervals.
Before the construction of pipelines, bend angles are restored and fixed, bends are planned in detail.
Land works done increase for trenches in detail planning need
Overhead pipelines 120 mare mounted on supports placed at 100 - intervals. The turning ends are performed in the method of right-angle coordinates relative to the supports (20 - picture).
1.
The coordinates x and u are as follows expression using is considered
x = vcos P; y = vsinfi (7)
where v is the distance from the base to the tip of the turn (50-60m);
corners of the pipeline at points A and V are made in the form of a horizontal bend of a small radius. P
When laying pipelines under water, 1 ma trench is dug at a depth of 0.8 mm below the water surface with the help of a scraper.
After laying the pipelines, an executive plan is made. In this case, importance is mainly given to the connection places of the pipes, the beginning and end of the ducts, and the diameters. At the same time, leveling is done and
the height of the upper part of the pipe and the height of the trench's eyebrows are determined.
Based on the measurement results, a longitudinal profile is created. This profile shows the diameters of the pipes and the height of the top of the stack.
In large-diameter pipelines located in soils with complex conditions, it is necessary to systematically monitor the changes of longitudinal and pipeline parts located in complex sections under the influence of internal pressure.
Using the PANORAMA program in geodetic exploration. Panorama is a program for creating and editing electronic cards, solving exemplary practical tasks and special processing. The system allows creating vector, raster and matrix maps, as well as operational updating of various location data.
The database of electronic cards has a hierarchical structure. The lowest level stores information about individual sections of the card. Objects can be combined in groups, layers and card sheets on an electronic card. A separate object description is composed of measurement data (location coordinate), data semantics (object property), textual reference numbers, illustrative graphic data, etc. (Fig. 16).
2. The process of creating and editing electronic cards in the Panorama program.
An electronic map is a collection of various digital information about a place belonging to a certain territory. After opening the basic view data available for the selected territory, the user can fill it with other view data (compile the electronic card). In addition, it is possible to open vector maps, raster images and matrices for use in any number and content. The data collected when closing the electronic card is saved in a descriptive text file. When the user opens the next base card (vector, raster or matrix), the entire content of the electronic card is restored. Karta 2005 system processes vector cards presented in open format SXF. Data in other formats (FIM, S57, MIF, MID, DXF, etc.) can be converted to the SXF format and vice versa.
There should be a digital classifier to download objects to the card and solve all kinds of practical tasks. This classifier can be filled with editor manuals of
Karta 2005 system. Also, this classifier is created in the form of a text-table and saved in a file.
Figure 3. Space photo of the Great Silk Road Street
4. PANORAMA of the Great Silk Road Street raster card to the program.
Cartographic materials have a convenient division system into nomenclature sheets for different views and map scales. A certain corresponding part of the earth's surface corresponds to a separate sheet. When working with several sheets of paper card, it is necessary to glue or join them together.
5. PANORAMA of the Great Silk Road Street vector card to the program
References:
1. Read more: https://sputniknews-uz.com/ sociyety /20170416/5204869/ Mirziyoyev- Samarkandtramvay .html.
2. On April 15, President of Uzbekistan Shavkat Mirziyoyev was among the first passengers to use the Samarkand tram. TASHKENT, April 16 - Sputnik. Tram traffic in Samarkand.
3. Dostmukhamedov M.Yu. "The engineering geodesy". Uzbekistan. 1998.
4. Muborakov H. " Geodesia ". Tashkent. " Shepherd ". 2007.
5. Muborakov H. "Geodesy". Tashkent. " Cholpon ". 2007.
6. www.literature.uz - literary site. 7. www.pedagog.uz - pedagogy website.
