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Section 4. Political problems of international relations
DOI:10.29013/EJLPS-23-3-14-18
EXPLORATION OF AGRICULTURAL TRADE RELATIONS AND COOPERATION MODELS BETWEEN CHINA AND FIVE CENTRAL ASIAN COUNTRIES
Huo Lin Fu 1
1 The University of World Economy And Diplomacy Tashkent, Uzbekistan. Xing'an League, Inner Mongolia
Cite: Huo Lin Fu (2023). Exploration of agricultural trade relations and cooperation models between Сhina and five Central Asian countries. European Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences 2023, No 3. https://doi.org/10.29013/EJLPS-23-3-14-18
Abstract
In the context of global economic integration and regional integration, China has made great efforts to develop trade exchanges with its neighbors. As a major hub connecting China and Europe, developing trade exchanges with Central Asia is a major way for China to achieve opening up. Since the independence of the five Central Asian countries, the trade between them has changed dramatically from scratch and from small to large. Both China and the five Central Asian countries are importers of agricultural products, with superior geographical location, rich resources and complementary production factors. However, the status of bilateral agricultural trade in bilateral trade is generally low, so it is impossible to fully realize the agricultural trade between the two countries. To further deepen the agricultural economy and economic and trade relations between China and Central Asia, China has proposed and promoted the "the Belt and Road" strategy, It has brought opportunities for economic and trade cooperation between China and the five Central Asian countries. In this regard, this paper studies and discusses the cooperation model of agricultural trade between China and the five Central Asian countries, hoping to provide some theoretical basis for building a new trade cooperation model.
Keywords: China; Five Central Asian countries; Trade in agricultural products; Cooperation mode
In view of the agricultural trade cooperation between China and the five Central Asian countries, due to the lack of a systemat-
ic and basic research, this paper analyzes the practical basis of agricultural trade between China and the five Central Asian countries,
discusses the possible trade cooperation modes under this practical basis, which can provide a new idea for the future research on international trade cooperation models. At the same time, this has also played a positive role in the in-depth development of SCO member countries in the economic and trade field. It also provides constructive suggestions for the five Central Asian countries to make decisions on agricultural trade exchanges in the future.
Existing agricultural trade cooperation model between China and five Central Asian countries Direct cooperation mode
Port based agricultural product export production base model
The mode of port dependent agricultural product export production base refers to that the exporting country sets its agricultural product production base near the import and export ports of the two countries, and exports based on the local competitive agricultural products according to the needs of the importing country's agricultural products. The import and export ports of China and the five Central Asian countries are mainly Xinjiang. Among them, Xinjiang includes 12 border ports adjacent to the five Central Asian countries. Taking advantage of their respective regional agricultural comparative advantages, it is necessary to establish an export base that can meet the agricultural needs of the five Central Asian countries. For example, Tacheng is adjacent to Kazakhstan and Russia, and only 12 kilometers away from Baktu Port, which is conducive to the export of perishable agricultural products such as vegetables and fruits. Therefore, it is inevitable to establish a fruit processing base here. Tacheng City has successively established six major demonstration greenhouses, which have become the top vegetable export volume in the country for four consecutive years. In this way, the import and export business of agricultural products in China's two major agricultural products, especially in Xinjiang and Central Asia, has been well developed, but there are also some problems, such as: the distribution of agricultural product processing enterprises is relatively decentralized, which is difficult to form economies of
scale; Lack of agricultural production companies with large-scale production capacity and export qualification; There are few types of qualification certificates for domestic enterprises, and the products in relevant industries are restricted.
Model of agricultural product export processing base
The mode of agricultural products export processing base is a trade cooperation mode similar to that of export processing zones. It is the mode that China and the five Central Asian countries process their agricultural products based on their own advantages to produce high-value agricultural products to meet the needs of importing countries. For the five Central Asian countries, China's agricultural production base is also the agricultural production region represented by Xinjiang, which can absorb the supply of basic products in the region, increase the economic benefits of farmers, and promote local employment. At present, the main production and processing areas are: corn processing (Tacheng, Yili, Changji), black soybean processing (Changji, Bazhou, Yili), and high-quality beer barley processing (suburb of Urumqi, Hami, Changji, Yili, Bazhou). However, this model also has corresponding problems, such as: Xinjiang's poor economic foundation, lack of capital in its development base, and unbalanced development with other industries (for example, the logistics industry in the five Central Asian countries has no competitive advantage); The scale of agricultural production enterprises is low, and the brand concept is not strong; The export channel is single and restricted.
Cooperation Mode of International Agricultural Products Fair
The cooperation mode of the International Agricultural Exposition is to expand its marketing in foreign markets by promoting the high-quality products of its own country and promoting the trademarks of its good products to the invitees. This method is also very effective in Xinjiang. This is closely related to Xinjiang's own production characteristics, natural conditions of high-quality agricultural products, geographical conditions and other factors. All kinds of fruits and vegetables produced in Xinjiang are very popular in the five Central Asian countries.
The Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Agricultural Products Trade Fair, hosted by Xinjiang, was attended by more than 60 companies and heads of relevant units from eight prefectures of Kazakhstan, Tacheng, Altay, Urumqi and other prefectures. At the trade fair, more than 50 varieties of agricultural products such as green agricultural products, seabuckthorn products, fungi, and Kazakh handmade embroidery were displayed, setting up a good brand image for agricultural products in the eastern part of the Republic of Kazakhstan. After the exhibition, Altay and Kazakhstan signed a cooperation agreement of more than 1 million dollars. The biggest problem with this approach is that the credit rating of the participating companies is low, the risk of default is high, and the post exhibition progress of many cooperative projects is slow.
Indirect cooperation mode
Agricultural technology exchange and cooperation mode
China and the five Central Asian countries have carried out technical exchanges and cooperation in their respective agricultural technology fields through forums, mutual visits, training and other forms, thus promoting the improvement of the agricultural technology level of the two countries. China and Central Asia have different agricultural technologies due to their different living conditions and production conditions. China has a large number of human and financial resources, and has very rich production practices in agriculture, animal husbandry, water-saving irrigation, deep processing of agricultural products and other fields. In other words, China is in the forefront of the five Central Asian countries in terms of the output of high-value agricultural products. The agricultural technology of the five Central Asian countries is also more advanced than that of China, including the cultivation of improved varieties, the protection and improvement of grasslands, soil improvement and desert control, and the improvement and cultivation of livestock varieties. Xinjiang has a vast territory and superior geographical location, bordering on the three countries of Hajita. In recent years, with the implementation of "going out" and "western development", Xinjiang has gained sufficient capital and built
it into a platform for economic and trade cooperation and exchange between China and the five Central Asian countries. Therefore, Xinjiang will be the five major agricultural products trade and technology trade centers of China and Central Asia. The agricultural technology exchange between Xinjiang, China and the five Central Asian countries can not only promote the development and improvement of agricultural technology in the two countries, but also drive the trade of agricultural products and related industries in the two countries indirectly. The biggest problem of this model is that there is a large gap in economic development between China and Central Asia. Many agricultural product technologies in the five Central Asian countries cannot meet China's needs, and China's agricultural technology level has not been significantly improved.
Technology driven investment development cooperation mode
The technology driven investment development cooperation mode refers to that China has greater advantages in agricultural production, agricultural product processing technology and capital compared with the five Central Asian countries in agricultural production, agricultural product processing technology and capital. It develops agricultural production and technology production in Central Asia and promotes agricultural technology and technology trade between the two countries. Xinjiang Xinkang Tomato Co., Ltd. set up a tomato product processing plant in Almaty, Kazakhstan in 1998. It mainly processes canned, glass and soft ketchup, and processes 5000 tons of tomato paste every year. By 2010, it will drive the export of tomato raw materials across the country to US $37 million, accounting for 25% of Kazakhstan's national tomato products, and become a well-known brand in Kazakhstan. Xinjiang Institute of Surveying, Mapping and Design invested in the establishment of Tajik Ocean Corporation in Khatlong Prefecture of Tajikistan in 2011. It is committed to developing rice. It not only brings advanced rice planting technology into Tajikistan, but also drives the export of rice and agricultural machinery products in China. If Chinese enterprises have made certain achievements, China and other countries can establish an agricultural
technology demonstration base here in the future, thus promoting the construction of agricultural technology demonstration bases in China. However, China is still facing the problems of lack of leading enterprises, lack of driving force and lack of brand effect.
Possible agricultural trade cooperation models between China and the five Central Asian countries
Cooperation mode of agricultural transnational corporations
The integration of regional economy promotes the integration of regional production. As a major mode of production, transnational corporations promote the circulation of goods and factors among countries. With the rapid development of logistics, information technology and modern finance, agricultural enterprises in developed countries have made their own strategic plans in the global scope. Both China and Central Asia are big importers of agricultural products, while agricultural means of production enterprises in Europe and the United States have firmly grasped the opportunity of gradual liberalization of agricultural trade between the two countries and gradually penetrated into agricultural means of production enterprises around the world. Under such circumstances, China and the five Central Asian countries should take corresponding countermeasures. With the deepening of agricultural trade and trade relations between China and the five Central Asian countries, we can consult on how to establish a transnational agricultural enterprise to achieve the unity of resources, so as to solve the problem of infiltration. "Big farmer" refers to the concentration of different agricultural products resources between China and five Central Asian countries to form a large-scale enterprise integrating procurement, processing, trade and circulation, so as to replace the original agricultural products trading company and realize the substantial transformation of the foreign trade system; On this basis, we will strengthen our own brands and open up new development directions for agricultural product markets in China and five Central Asian countries.
Growth Triangle Agricultural Trade Market Cooperation Mode
In 1989, Goh Chok Tong of Singapore first proposed the "growth triangle". With the con-
tinuous progress of economic globalization and regionalization, the economic cooperation model of "growth triangle" has gradually formed a new economic geographical pattern. This can also be applied to agricultural cooperation between China and Central Asia. At present, the agricultural markets in China and the five Central Asian countries are mainly local and surrounding regions. With the globalization of various industries, the globalization of agricultural markets is inevitable. How should the wholesale market of agricultural products become more international? China and the five Central Asian countries have geographical borders and complementary agricultural trade relations, and can build an international market based on the "growth triangle". This model requires us to give full play to the economic complementarity and geographical convenience of China and the five Central Asian countries, select three regions with relatively rich geographical locations, transportation conditions and agricultural resources for small-scale economic and trade cooperation, and establish an international agricultural trade market or transform the existing agricultural trade market into an international agricultural trade market according to the survey location. The country should provide corresponding policies, for example, the market should provide financial support for the infrastructure of the market, reduce or cancel tariffs, and the market should provide goods and services for enterprises and individuals operating in the agricultural trade industry, especially the convenience of international transportation, to drive the development of agricultural products and related industries in the surrounding areas.
Conclusion
To sum up, China's strong demand for agricultural products imports has greatly promoted agricultural trade with the five Central Asian countries, and to a certain extent, promoted the export of agricultural products of the five Central Asian countries. Sino US agricultural trade cooperation is a way to develop agriculture and commerce, and the way of agricultural cooperation is to promote the development of agriculture and agriculture. Based on the current cooperation mode, the cooperation modes that can be carried out in
the future include: agricultural transnational corporation cooperation mode, agricultural agricultural trade market cooperation mode of triangular growth, etc. This cooperation mode can effectively integrate agricultural
resources of different countries, so as to better grasp the needs of agricultural products of different countries, thus optimizing the supply of products in China, and achieving win-win results.
Reference
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submitted 14.11.2023; accepted for publication 18.09.2023; published 12.12.2023 © Huo Lin Fu
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