CC BY
13
DOI 10.14526/01_2017_193
EXPERIMENTAL WORK ORGANIZATION ON THE METHODOLOGY USE OF PSYCHIC READINESS FORMATION TO OVERCOMING COMPETITIVE OBSTACLES
AND DIFFICULTIES
Galina A. Kamalieva - candidate of pedagogical sciences, associate professor
The Almetyevsk State Oil Institute 2, Str. Lenina, Almetyevsk, 423450, Russia
E-mail: kam [email protected]
Annotation. In terms of the changing relations in the sphere of physical culture and sports it is very difficult to overcome difficulties and obstacles, which appear during sportsmen's competitive activity. Material. The article reveals the essence of experimental work on the methodology use, specially created for this situation. Great attention is paid to experimental substantiation of competitive difficulties and obstacles overcoming methodology, which appear in sports activity of volleyball players. Research methods: scientific and scientific-methodical literature analysis and summarizing, pedagogical testing, judgemental method, psychodiagnostics, pedagogical experiment, methods of mathematical statistics. Results. The methodology is created of psychic readiness formation among volleyball players to overcome competitive obstacles and difficulties. Experimental work on the methodology check was held in three stages on the basis of volleyball federation of Almetyevsk (Russia). For this purpose the experimental group and the control group were created. In the experimental group methodology was used taking into consideration the needs, revealed during the survey. In the control group teaching was according to a standard form. Summarizing the results of the pedagogical experiment we can say, that the experimental methodology use leads to considerable quickness increase of making tactical decisions, psycho-emotional state optimization in terms of unexpected competitive obstacles and difficulties, effectiveness of competitive activity increase. Conclusion. Created by us methodology of psychic readiness formation among sportsmen provides the level of special knowledge, skills, affective tolerance to difficulties and intellectual abilities of sportsmen increase, such as the ability to percept, attention focusing, cogitative material operation, memory, logical thinking, quickness of making decisions.
Keywords: competitive obstacles, difficulties, experimental work, methodology, psychic readiness formation, overcoming.
Analyzing the received results we came to the conclusion that volleyball players from the EG after the experiment had validly better indices of making tactical decisions quickness, competitive effectiveness, psycho-emotional state received during competitive actions fulfillment without unexpected obstacles and difficulties and with competitive obstacles and difficulties.
The tendencies of physical culture and sport development made the problem of psychological support of sports activity very urgent. Special attention should be paid to
the question of psychic health preservation, sportsmen's adaptation to extreme conditions of training and competitive activity. Competitive activity is the main form, which reflects achievements, sportsmen's mastery. The results at competitions show the fact of success. It is sportsman's skills, his potential, reliability demonstration. In professional sport money, contract value, success of this or that sportsman directly depend on stability of high sport results. That is why psychic readiness to overcome unexpectedly appearing obstacles and difficulties during competitive struggle is important.
Created by us methodology has the aim to form readiness among volleyball players to overcome competitive obstacles and difficulties. This aim achievement is provided by the following objectives solution:
1) giving knowledge of competitive extreme situations content;
2) teaching the ways of these situations overcoming;
3) intellectual abilities development;
4) abilities and skills of competitive obstacles and difficulties overcoming formation.
Pedagogical testing was realized on the basis of competitive obstacles and difficulties modeling (CODM).
In order to model competitive obstacles and difficulties we created 48 intellectual tasks, where the variants of competitive situations in volleyball are presented. For example:
1. Two opponents simultaneously touched the net, but the score, by mistake, was given to one of them. What should be done? Answer: the team captain should refer to the judge asking to rectify the decision or announce a held-ball. In case of negative answer continue the game.
2. After receiving the ball flew far into out. All players stand still, hoping that somebody will take it. What should be done? Answer: the initiative of defensive actions should be taken by the player- libero, if the previous touch wasn't his.
Diagnostic measures were taken during control competitions, which were specially organized at the beginning, in the middle of experimental work and after it.
Volleyball players' psychic readiness estimation to overcome competitive
obstacles and difficulties was realized on the basis of the following indices: 1) quickness of making decisions; 2) effectiveness of competitive actions.
Quickness of making decisions was determined with the help of methodology created by E.N. Gogunov [1]. Time, spent for making decision as the reaction to unexpected obstacle, was taken into consideration. Timing started from the moment of its real appearance during competitive activity and ended during the moment of its practical realization. Obstacles were given by the experimenter in no particular order, and were unexpected for sportsmen.
Analyzing the results, we came to the conclusion, that at the beginning of one-year cycle of training (during which the pedagogical experiment was held) the respondents from both groups had relatively equal quickness indices of making tactical decisions. Volleyball players from the EG after the pedagogical experiment had validly better indices (F < 0,001).
Expert estimation of sportsmen's competitive activity effectiveness was used for competitive actions effectiveness determination. 5 people were the experts in volleyball: N.A. Kurshina, A.M. Deshin, G.A. Salikhov, R.K. Nurgashieva, O.V. Kokhichko.
The main indices of competitive effectiveness in volleyball are the results of technical-tactical actions fulfillment quality, such as a serve, block, defense, pass [2].
Effectiveness of actions is estimated according to the following formula:
S yen. х we
R =
where
S gen.
Table 1 - Results dynamics of making tactical decisions quickness during the pedagogical experiment _(X ± SX) (seconds)_
Groups of Quickness indices of making tactical decisions, seconds
respondents before the in the middle of the after the experiment
experiment year
The first stream I
control, p=12 2,45 ± 0,43 2,21 ±0,33 2,11 ±0,26
validity of differences >0,05 >0,05 >0,05
experimental, p=12 2,39 ±0,55 2,08 ± 0,41 1,43 ±0,32
validity of differences <0,05 <0,05 <0,05
The second stream
control, zt=10 2,34 ±0,56 2,19 ±0,51 2,05 ± 0,37
validity of differences >0,05 >0,05 <0,05
experimental, H=n - 2,48 ± 0,27 2,03 ± 0,36 1/54 ± 0,25
validity of differences <0,05 < 0,05 <0,05
The thirc stream
control, p=12 2,51 ±0,36 2,12 ±0,28 2,04 ± 0,38
validity of differences <0,05 >0,05 < 0,05
experimental, p=12 2,53 ± 0,40 2,09 ± 0,34 1,61 ±0,35
validity of differences <0,05 <0,05 < 0,05
The fourth stream
control, p=11 2,68 ±0,31 2,35 ± 0,41 2,16 ±0,27
validity of differences <0,05 <0,05 <0.05
experimental, p=11 2,60 ± 0,58 2,08 ± 0,55 1,68 ± 0,43
validity of differences < 0,05 <0,05 < 0,05
R - effectiveness, S yen. - number of successfully fulfilled technical-tactical techniques, S gen. - general number of the fulfilled technical-tactical techniques.
Successful techniques are the following:
- in a serve - won and the balls, which caused difficulty for an opponent; ® in
R =
where
R - effectiveness, S w, - number of the won balls, S l. - number of the lost balls, S gen. - general number of attacks.
receiving - balls, led to the zone of a ball handler; ® in defense - raised balls; - in the attack lost and won balls from the general number of attacks are important.
That is why when we speak about attacking actions effectiveness f, we use another formula:
S w. - S l. x 100
S gen.
We estimated each player's actions effectiveness study among volleyball
on the ground, determined arithmetic players in terms of overcoming obstacles
Table 2 - competitive activity effectiveness among volleyball players in terms of overcoming _obstacles and difficulties during the pedagogical experiment (X ± SX) (points)_
Groups of Effectiveness indices of competitive activity,
respondents points
before the in the middle of the after experiment
experiment year
The first stream
control, p=r2 39,9 ± 0,67 40,7 ± 1,03 41,6:= 0,45
validity of differences <0,05 >0,05 < 0,05
experimental, p-12 40,5 ± 0,88 40,8 ± 0,96 45,1 :fc 0,42
validity of differences <0,05 >0,05 < 0,05
The second stream
control, p=10 41,3 ±0,45 41,8 ±0,87 43,2 ± 0,48
validity of differences <0,05 >0,05 < 0,05
experimental, p=11 1 40,6 ± 0,78 44,9 -- 0,44
validity of differences <0,05 <0,05 <0,05
The third stream
control, p"~12 39,6 ±0,51 40,3 ± 1,07 41,8 0,98
validity of differences <0,05 >0,05 > 0,05
experimental, p=12 39,9 ± 0,54 42,2 ± 0,58 45,3 . c 0,64
validity of differences < 0,05 <0,05 < 0,05
The fourth stream
control, p=11 40,2 ± 0,48 41,0 ±0,97 42,4 :L 0,66
validity of differences <0,05 >0,05 > (»,05 •
experimental, p=11 39,8 ± 0,64 41,7 ±0,54 44,5-t 0,52
validity of differences <0,05 < 0,05 < 0,05
mean value of competitive activity effectiveness for the whole team.
Table 2 presents experimental results of competitive activity
ccording to these results analysis, at the beginning of one-year cycle of training (during which the pedagogical experiment was held) the indices of competitive effectiveness among the respondents from both groups were comparatively equal. Volleyball players from the EG had validly better indices after the experiment (P < 0,001).
We used the method of psychodiagnostics for the indices of psychic
and difficulties, unexpectedly appearing in sports struggle.
state evaluation among the sportsmen during theoretical and practical lessons, including the methodology of Y.A. Tsagarelli [3], which provides special device "Aktivatsiometr" use. Psycho-emotional state indices were received in two situations: 1) during competitive actions fulfillment without an unexpected obstacle and difficulty; 2) with competitive obstacles and difficulties (Table 3 and 4).
Table 3 - Results dynamics of psycho-emotional state during the pedagogical experiment during competitive actions fulfillment without unexpected obstacles and difficulties (X ± SX) (standard units)
Groups of respondents Indices of quickness of tactical decisions making, s
before the experiment in the middle of the year after the experiment
The first stream
control, p=12 98,7 ± 0,25 96,4 ±0,41 93,8 ± 0,27
validity of differences < 0,05 <0,05 <0,05
experimental, p=12 99,6 ± 0,33 95,2 ± 0,56 91,5 ±0,45
validity of differences < 0,05 <0,05 < 0,05
The second stream
control, p=10 98,1 ± 0,23 97,8 ± 0,68 95.2 ± 0,57
validity of differences <0,05 <0,05 <0,05
experimental, p=l 1 98,6 ± 0,41 95,9 ±0,55 92,4 ± 0,37
validity of differences <0,05 < 0,05 <0,05
The third stream
control, p=12 99,5 ±0,44 . . 97,4 ± 0,56 96,3 ± 0,48
validity of differences < 0,05 < 0,05 <0,05
experimental, p=12 99,9 ±0,52 96,5 ± 0,53 92,8 ± 0,46
validity of differences <0,05 <0,05 <0,05
The fourth stream
control , p= 11 100,2 ±0,27 98,6 ±0,38 97,2 ± 0,35
validity of differences <0,05 < 0,05 <0,05
experimental, p=11 100,4 ±0,30 97,3 ±0,34 93,6 ± 0,41
validity of differences <0,05 < 0,05 <0,05
experimental, p=12 120,0 ± 0,67 116,1 ±0,58 103,5 ± 0,32
validity of differences < 0,05 < 0,05 <0,05
The second stream
control, p=10 118,2 ±0,55 116,4 ±0,65 110,0 ±0,58
validity of differences < 0,05 <0,05 <0,05
experimental, p=11 119,4 ±0,60 115,8 ±0,46 102,7 ±0,43
validity of differences < 0,05 <0,05 <0,05
The third stream
control, p=12 122,4 ±0,67 119,4 ±0,67 112,3 ±0,64
validity of differences <0,05 < 0,05 <0,05
experimental, p=12 123,9 ±0,51 117,1 ±0,45 104,3 ±0,37
validity of differences <0,05 <0,05 < 0,05
The fourth stream
control, p=11 120,5 ± 0,58 118,5 ±0,60 114,1 ±0,49
Groups of Indices of quickness of tactical decisions making, sec.
respondents before the experiment in the middle of the year after the experiment
The first stream
control, p=12 119,3 ± 0,44 115,5 ±0,38 108,4 ±0,47
validity of differences < 0,05 < 0,05 <0,05
All respondents-volleyball players had the values of psycho-emotional state decrease: in cases, when competitive obstacles and difficulties appeared.
These results analysis shows, that at the beginning of one-year cycle of training (during which the pedagogical experiment was held) the indices of psycho-emotional state among the respondents from both groups were comparatively equal. Volleyball players from the EG had validly better indices after the experiment (P < 0,001).
Summarizing the results of the pedagogical experiment we can say, that the experimental methodology use leads to considerable quickness increase of making tactical decisions, psycho-emotional state optimization in terms of unexpected competitive obstacles and difficulties, effectiveness of competitive activity increase.
References
Submitted: 23.01.2017 Received: 26.01.2017
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Galina A. Kamalieva - candidate of pedagogical sciences, associate professor The Almetyevsk State Oil Institute, 2, Str. Lenina, Almetyevsk, 423450, Russia, E-mail: kam [email protected]
For citations: Kamalieva G.A. Experimental work organization on the methodology use of psychic readiness formation to overcoming competitive obstacles and difficulties, The Russian journal of physical education and sport (pedagogical-psychological and medico-biological problems of physical culture and sports), 2017, Vol. 12, No. 1, pp. 101-106. DOI 10.14526/01_2017_193
