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26PEDAGOGICAL SCIENCES
EXPERIENTIAL ACTIVITIES, CAREER-ORIENTED ACTIVITIES - COMPULSORY EDUCATIONAL ACTIVITIES IN THE GENERAL EDUCATIONAL PROGRAM 2018 IN VIETNAM
Phí Thi Hieu
Associate Professor Ph.D of Thai Nguyen University of Education
Viet Nam
Abstract
The article has mentioned basic contents of the program on experiential activities and career-oriented activities as compulsory educational activities in the general educational program issued in 2018 in Vietnam, including: viewpoints on building curriculum and objectives of the program at different educational levels.
Keywords: Activity, experiences, experiential activities, oriented-career education, career-oriented activities, career-oriented experiential activities, educational program.
1. I ntroduction
Today, profound changes are happening in all aspects around the world. To ensure sustainable development, many countries have been constantly renewing their education to improve the quality of human resources, equipping future generations with a solid cultural foundation and high adaptive capacity to all natural and social changes. Thus, educational innovation has become an urgent need and a global trend worldwide.
In Vietnam, following the resolutions of the National Assembly and the Prime Minister's Decisions, the general educational program 2018 was built in the direction of developing the quality and capacity of students to help them have good qualities and capacities which are essential to become a responsible citizen, a cultured, industrious, and creative employee that meets the needs of individuals' development and requirements of the future career in terms of building and protecting the country in the era of globalization and new industrial revolution ...
In this general educational program,experiential activities of the elementary level and those of the secondary and high school levels are compulsory educational activities performed from grades 1 to 12. Experiential activities and career-oriented experiential activities are educational activities which are directed, designed and instructed by educators, providing students with opportunities to have practical access,to experience positive emotions, to exploit existing experiences and to mobilize knowledge and skills of subjects to perform assigned tasks or to solve problems of practical school life, family, and society at their appropriate age; through it,transforming experienced experiences into new knowledge, new insights, and new skills contributing to promoting their creative potential and adaptability to life, environment and future career. Experiential activities and career-oriented experiential activities contribute to the formation and development of key qualities, general competencies and specific competencies for students.
The content of the activities is built on individual students' relationships with themselves, with society, with nature, and with occupations.The content of the experimental activities and career-oriented experiential activities is divided into two stages: basic educational
stage and career-oriented educational stage. Basic educational stage: At the elementary level, the content of the experimental activities focuses on self-discovery, personal training, and relationship development activities with friends, with teachers, and with family members. Social activities and the activities of learning about some occupations which are close to students are also organized with the appropriate content and form to their ages; At the secondary level, the content of the career-oriented experiential activities focus more on social and nature-oriented, and career-oriented activities; At the same time, self-oriented activities are also continued to develop in order to promote qualities and abilities of students. Career-oriented educational stage: In addition to individual, social and natural-oriented activities, the career-oriented experiential activities at high-school level focus more on vocational education to develop students' capacities of career orientation. Through career-oriented activities, students areassessed and self-assessed on their competencies, strengths, and interests related to careers, serving as a basis for choosing a suitable career and training for their quality and ability to adapt to future careers.
2. Some basic issues about experiential activities and career-oriented experiential activities in thegeneral educational program 2018 in Vietnam
2.1. Viewpoints on building the program
The program on experiential activities and career-oriented experiential activitieshas fully grasped the views, objectives, requirements to-be-achieved, educational plans, educational contents, educational methods, evaluation of educational results, implementation and development of the general educational program outlined in the Master Program, at the same time, has emphasized the following viewpoints:
- The program was built on the theory of activities, of personality, experiential learning and general educational theory; on the advantages of extra-curriculum activities, of current vocational educational activities; on the international experience in developing the program onexperimental activities andcareer-oriented activities; and on the cultural identity of regions, traditional culture of Vietnam and common cultural values of the era.
- The program ensured the integrity, consistency and continuous development across grades and levels. The program was designed in the direction of both concentricity and linearity, throughout from grade 1 to grade 12 with the content circuits operating in a unified manner: Self-oriented, social -oriented, nature-oriented, and career-oriented activities.
- The program ensured openness and flexibility. Educational institutions and head teachers could proactively select the contents, modes, spaces, and time of operation in accordance with their circumstances and conditions based on the principle of ensuring that educational objectives and requirements must be met in terms of quality and competencies for each grade and education level [1].
2.2. The objectives of the program
General objectives: Experiential activities and career - oriented experiential activities were aimed to form and develop the capacity to adapt to life, to design and organize activities, and career-oriented capacity in students; at the same time, contributing to the formation and development of major qualities and general competencies specified outlined in the Master Program. Experiential activities and oriented-career experiential activities help students discover themselves and the world around, enrich their life spiritually, be sentimental and loving to the beauty of nature and human love, have a right concept of how to lead a good live and behave properly, at the same time, foster students love for their homeland and country, awareness of the nation's roots and identity to contribute to preserving and developing the good values of Vietnamese people in an integrated world.
Primary level objectives: Experiential activities form positive habits in daily life, become hardworking; perform astudents'responsibility at home, at school and at their locality; know how to self-assess and self-adjust; form cultured communication and behaviors; be conscious of collaboration and form the capacity of problem solving.
Secondary level objectives.Experiential activities and career-oriented experiential activities help students reinforce positive habits, desciplined learning and living habits, cultured communication and behaviors, and focuses more on developing personal responsibility: responsibility to oneself, responsibility to family and community; form their own individual values according to common social standards; form and develop the capacity to solve problems in life; know how to organize work in a scientific way; have interest and knowledge of a number of occupational fields, consciously train the necessary qualities of employees and develop a study and training plan in accordance with the career orientation at the end of the basic educational stage.
High-school level objectives: The career-oriented experiential activities help students develop the qualities and competencies that have been formed at the primary and secondary levels. At the end of the career-oriented educational stage, students are be able to adapt to different conditions of living, studying and working; adapt to the changes of modern society; be able to organize his life, work and manage himself; be able to
develop career interests and make decisions on future careers; can build a training plan to meet career requirements and become a useful citizen.
The career-oriented activities help students explore themselves and the surrounding world, be autonomous and creative, develop a rich spiritual life, be sentimental and loving to the beauty of nature and human love, have a concept of living a good life and behaving properly, at the same time, foster the love for their homeland and country, and arouse the awareness of the nation's roots and identity to contribute to preserving and developing good values of Vietnamese people in an integrated world.Thus, it can be said that the career-oriented experiential activities have clear advantages in the formation and development of key qualities and core general competencies in learners. These general core qualities and competencies form the foundation of all human actions and activities in life generally and in profession particularly. Requirements for essential qualities: Experiential activities and career-oriented experiential activitiescontribute to the formation and development of major qualities according to the appropriate levels for each educational level specified in the Master program.
Competency requirements: Experiential activities and career-oriented experiential activities help to form and develop the capacities of autonomy and self-study, communication and collaboration, problem solving and creativity in students, which is manifested through specific competencies: capacity to adapt to life, capacity to design and organize activities, capacity to orient career [1].
3. Conclusion
Analyzing the objectives and requirements to-be-achieved of the program on experiential activities and career-oriented experiential activites has shown that these activities are advantageous in developing the qualities and competencies of learners.Through experiential activities and career-oriented experiential activities, students are the ones who design, organize and perform their own activities; therefore, they positivize themselves, discover themselves, adjust themselves, promote personal experience, and accumulate experience through a series of experiences. Through experiential activities and career-oriented experiential activities, students are able to discover their strengths and outstanding capabilities, contributing to helping the school and themselves have suitable career orientations for the future.
References
1. Bo Giáo due vá Dáo tao, Hoat dong trái nghiem vá Hoat dong trái nghiem, huong nghiep, Ban hánh kem theo Thong tu 32/2018/TT-BGDDT ngáy 26 tháng 12 nam 2018.
2. Phí Thi Hiéu, Nguyen Do Huong Giang, Le Van Khuyén, Build qualities and competencies for students through activities experience, Proceedings of the International Scientific and Practical Conference on Digital Economy (ISCDE 2019), Atlantis Press, ISBN 978-94-6252-848-2, pp.732-736.
