CC BY
01
Hydrometeorology and ecology №1 2024
UDC 551.509.324 IRSTI 37.21.39
EVALUATION OF THE TIME-SPACE DISTRIBUTION OF ATMOSPHERIC
PRECIPITATION IN THE KUR-ARAS PLAIN IN THE AZERBAIJAN REPUBLIC
N.Sh. Huseynov1 Professor, J.S. Huseynov2* PhD, A.Kh. Hajiyev1
1National Aviation Academy, Baku, Azerbaijan
2“Azeraeronavigation” Air Traffic Control, Baku, Azerbaijan
E-mail: camal_huseynov_88@mail.ru
Characteristics of the space and time changes in the amount of precipitation in the Kura-Aras
lowland were studied in the research paper. The precipitation data of the hydrometeorological
station covering a decade from 1992 to 2022 was utilized in the analyses. To conduct
research, the mathematical-statistical and cartographic methods were used. According to
the conducted research, the amount of precipitation in the Kura-Aras lowland is 310 mm.
40% of the total amount of precipitation rains during the warm semi-period, while 60%
falls in the cold semi-period in the lowland. The amount of precipitation decreases from
the coastal areas to the plains during the cold, while in the warm period, this process occurs
oppositely. It was determined that atmospheric precipitation decreased in January, March,
April, May, June, August, October, November and December, and this indicator increased
in February, July and September. The annual indicator of the amount of precipitation in
the plain decreased by 10% during the years 1991-2022 compared to the base quantity
(1961-1990). 18% of the total precipitation was in the range of 10-19 mm, and 16% was
in the range of 20-29 mm. Compared to the norm, in the period 1991-2022, in the Kura-
Aras lowland, a 19% decrease was recorded in monthly recurrences of precipitation
above 50 and 60 mm, and a 15% decrease in precipitation above 70 mm. The research
results can be used in the establishment of novel economic areas in the lowland, in the
development of maps, economic assessment and mitigation measures against climate change.
Keywords: amount of precipitation, climate change, precipitation limits, oscillation, trend curve, variation
integral
Accepted: 5.01.24
DOI: 10.54668/2789-6323-2024-112-1-79-88
INTRODUCTION areas causes to the acceleration of evaporation
Atmospheric precipitation, which is and the formation of vertical movements towards
considered one of the main climate-forming higher altitudes. The temperature of the air
factors on Earth, is the main link of the water particles rising towards the highlands decreases
cycle in nature (Pierrehumbert, 2007). Falling of and begins to saturate, and clouds and associated
precipitation in case of solid and liquid directly precipitation are formed (Huseynov, 2011; Otto,
depends on air temperature (Mammadov, 2015). 2023). It is already known to everyone that
In the territory of Azerbaijan, precipitation modern warming has been rapidly expanding
decreases from the plains to the highlands, but its effects over the past 30 years on Earth. The
on the northeastern slopes of the Great Caucasus increase in global temperature in 1.5...2.00C
Mountains, in the Tallish Mountains, this compared to previous years has accelerated
regularity is violated (Hajiyev, 2015; Safarov, the disruption of the traditional climate regime
2022). Mesoscale atmospheric circulations, air in all regions and the recurrence of anomalous
masses and local air circulation play the main atmospheric events (Mahmudov, 2022;
role in falling of atmospheric precipitation in the Hajiyev, 2023). Global warming has caused
country. The basis of this process is the creation beside with increase in air temperature in the
of temperature differences on individual surfaces South Caucasus region as well as a decrease
that move air masses. Thus, high heating in plain in precipitation. A decrease in atmospheric
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precipitation will lead for a decrease in water From the obtained results, graphs, histograms and
reserves, which will create conditions for a tables are illustrated with the support of MS Excel
decrease in the flow volume of most rivers and map ArcGIS software (Hydrometeorological
that take their source from the mountains. conditions and dangerous hydrometeorological
This means a decrease in underground water events in the territory of the Republic of
reserves, drying up of swamps and acceleration Azerbaijan, 2001...2017).
of salinization in plain areas, especially in
the Kura-Aras lowland (Huseynov, 2020). DISCUSSION
The research of the temporal-spatial distribution The physical and geographical location of
of precipitation in the country area had been the Kura-Aras lowland creates conditions for the
widely investigated by many researchers. A.M. different distribution of atmospheric precipitation
Shikhlinski, A.A. Madatzade, N.Sh. Huseynov, here in time and space. First of all, the location
F.A. Imanov, Said H. Safarov, R.N. Mahmudov, of the southeastern regions of the lowland on the
A.S. Mammadov, C.S. Huseynov, Kh.Sh. coast of the Caspian Sea and the abundance of
Rahimov, H.S. Nabiyev and others, carried moisture reserves make it possible for the amount
out such researches. In such researches, the of precipitation to be higher in those areas. Thus,
distribution of precipitation in the territory of the the air masses entering this region from the east
republic for regions, altitude zones throughout and southeast are constantly transformed over
the year, it had been considered to dynamics the sea, the humidity of the air masses increases
within time (Huseynov, 2020; Safarov, 2021). due to evaporation, and the warm, dry air masses
However, in recent times, the increase of are slightly moistened. Meridional currents,
time series, refinements through new research which form the main conditions for rainfall in the
methods, and the effect of climate changes country, play a key role in the entry of more humid
on precipitation require a re-examination of air masses into this region (Abdullayev, 2015).
the time-space distribution of atmospheric For the continental climate prevails in the
precipitation in the Kura-Aras lowland, which central and western parts of the plain, the
is the largest agricultural region of the country. amount of precipitation is relatively lower than
Purpose of work the surrounding areas. On the other hand, the
Determining the modern distribution average annual air temperature observed in the
characteristics of atmospheric precipitation plain (15.50C) is the highest average temperature
in Kura-Aras lowland is the main goal of in the country. This leads for long-term droughts
the conducted research. For this purpose, and high evaporation rates which are harmful to
determination of precipitation series in different agriculture in the area. Usually, moist, cold air
limits, distribution on the surface of the station and masses from the north cannot directly enter the
the plain and multi-year dynamics were evaluated. Kura-Aras plain. However, hot and dry air masses
from the south of the lowland - the Iranian plateau
MATERIAL AND METHODS dominate here in the hot season. In the coastal plain
All the analyzes conducted in the and surrounding regions, the moderating effect of
research work are based on the precipitation the sea manifests itself in the region throughout
observation data conducted in Kura-Aras plain the year (Safarov, 2021). Continentally is higher
in 1992...2022. In the analysis, time-space in the center and west of the plain (Mammadov,
dependencies of precipitation distributions were 2015). In the northwest, passing through the
investigated based on mathematical, statistical Jeyranchol lowland, air masses from Asia Minor
and cartographic methods, using the primary data and the Black Sea also affect the central part.
of 10 hydrometeorological stations (Goychay, The analysis shows that the average annual
Kurdamir, Zardab, Imishli, Jafarkhan, Hajigabul, precipitation in Kura-Aras plain was 315
Bilasuvar, Salyan, Neftchala, Goytepe). In the mm (226...606 mm) in 1991...2022. In the
study, a comparative analysis of the indicators lowland, 40 % of the perennial precipitation
of the amount of precipitation for the years fell in the warm half-period and 60% in the
1961...1990 and the corresponding indicators of the cold half-period (Safarov and et al., 2021).
years 1991...2022 was carried out (WMO, 2017).
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Hydrometeorology and ecology №1 2024
The most annual precipitation the coastal regions to the west of the plain. In
here is 610 mm, and it rains in the other words, in the warm season, the amount
plain, foothills (Goytapa) areas located of precipitation falling on the plain increases
in its southeast, some distance from the sea. from east to west, and in the cold season,
Goychay, located on the border with the the amount of precipitation decreases on the
foothills of the southern ones of the Greater contrary (Karimov, 2016; Huseynov, 2022).
Caucasus Mountains, receives more Seasonal distribution of precipitation becomes
precipitation than other stations located in almost equal as you approach the border of the
the coastal and interior parts of the plain. foothillsofthesouthernslopeoftheGreaterCaucasus
Here, the distribution of precipitation in different Mountains. Precipitation in these regions is almost
seasons of the year gradually changes from evenly distributed throughout the year (Table 1).
Table 1
Seasonal and semiannual distribution of precipitation in Kura-Aras plain
Note: All indicators are normalized.
The change trend of atmospheric March (6%), April (23%), May (22%), June (26%),
precipitation in the Kura-Aras plain during August (11%), October (12%), November (5%)
1991...2022 compared to the climate norm and December (13 %) precipitation decreased,
(1961...1990) is also of special interest (Table 2). only in February (13%), July (20 %) and September
As can be seen from Table 2, the average monthly (14%) normal (1961...1990) has increased.
precipitation in Kura-Aras plain in January (6%),
Table 2
Average monthly and annual precipitation anomalies (mm, %-dark black)
Note: All indicators are normalized.
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In the lowland, the greatest decrease in grain crops. The annual indicator of the amount of
precipitation occurred in the months of March- precipitation in the plain decreased up to 10% or 36
June, that is, in the growing season, when mm in 1991...2022 compared to the base amount.
agricultural plants need more moisture. The Precipitation fluctuations based on
second period of greater decrease in precipitation average indicators in Kura-Aras plain are
lasts from mid-autumn to early winter, which also depicted in a special graph (Figure 1).
coincides with the initial cultivation period of
Fig. 1. Fluctuations of average monthly precipitation range in the Kura-Aras plain
The long-term dynamics of the annual the least of the series, 1963, 1966, 1967, 1969,
amount of atmospheric precipitation in the 1982, 1984, 1994, 2003, 2011 and 2016 are the
Kura-Aras plain is accompanied by a gradual 10 years with the most precipitation. The analyzes
decrease (Figure 2). Thus, although there were carried out for separate years show that 70%
small fluctuations in the amount of precipitation of the years with the most precipitation in the
in the plain in the period covering 1961...2022, lowland occurred in 1994 and before. The amount
the amount of precipitation decreased during of precipitation in Kura-Aras plain was 349 mm
the general period. Here, precipitation increases in 1961...1990, and 310 mm in 1991...2022.
with a greater percentage are in Hajigabul (28%, Difference integral curves were used to analyze
February; 61%, September), Goytapa (35%, multi-year dynamics of atmospheric precipitation
July), Neftchala (56%, September), Bilasuvar of individual hydrometeorological stations in Kura-
(25%, June) and Kurdamir (27%, October). Aras plain (Figure 3 a, b). If we look at the graphs,
stations, notable precipitation decreases occurred in the multi-year integrated series, if we do not
at Salyan (40%, April; 61%, July), Bilasuvar take into account small fluctuations in individual
(44%, June; 52%, August) and Jafarkhan years, the amount of precipitation has increased
(37%, June; 48%, August) stations (Table 2). in the period from 1991 to 1993 at all stations.
The average annual rainfall in Kura-Aras plain was Although this indicator decreased rapidly from
355 mm in 1961...1970, 343 mm in 1971...1980, 1994 to 2001, it increased again from 2002 to
344 mm in 1981...1990, 305 mm in 1991...2000, 2004, and from 2005 to 2015, there was a multi-
2001...2010 323 mm in 2011-2020, 313 mm in year increase with occasional small fluctuations.
2011...2020, and 255 mm in 2021...2022. Decades Since 2016, a sharp decrease in
spanning 1991...2000 and 2011...2020 have higher precipitation has been observed in most of the
multiannual declines in lowland precipitation. stations. There is some difference in the integral
During the years 1961...2022, 1964, 1970, 1971, curves expressing the dynamics of precipitation in
1983, 1989, 1995, 1998, 2001, 2019 and 2022 are Goytapa, Neftchala and Goychay stations.
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Hydrometeorology and ecology №1 2024
Fig. 2. Multi-year dynamics of precipitation amount in Kura-Aras plain.
This is due to the physical and geographical listed hydrometeorological stations was
position of the mentioned areas. Jafarkhan, Imishli, observed in 2016, and the lowest indicator
Kurdamir, Salyan, Hajigabul and Bilasuvar was observed in 2002, respectively.
stations can be mentioned as stations with more Although the internal time-space distribution of
similar difference integral trends in lowland. atmospheric precipitation is its main feature, the
Although this indicator decreased rapidly from intensity and monthly amount of precipitation
1994 to 2001, it increased again from 2002 to are also of particular importance. Determining
2004, and from 2005 to 2015, there was a multi- monthly changes in rainfall within certain limits
year increase with occasional small fluctuations. and comparing them with the climate norm are
During the general period, the highest considered very important methods for detecting
indicator of precipitation change of the extreme features of dangerous precipitation.
a)
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Scientific article Huseynov et al., Evaluation of the time space...
b)
Fig. 3. Dynamics of the difference integral of precipitation in 1991...2022
For this purpose, in the study, during the During the calculations, if the amount of
repetition of precipitation at 9 hydrometeorological precipitation meets the condition for the amount
stations (Zardab, Kurdamir, Hajigabul, Goychay, of precipitation for the analyzed months, «1»,
Goytapa, Bilasuvar, Jafarkhan, Salyan and otherwise, the condition «0» is accepted, and a
Neftchala) in separate months in 1961-2022, 0-9, selectionismadeforthemonthunderconsideration.
10- Precipitation exceeding 0...9, 10...19, 20...29, At the next stage, the sum of these events is found
30...39, 40...49, 50...59, 60...69 and over 70 mm and finally the percentage of events is calculated.
was analyzed as a hazardous event (Figure 4).
Fig. 4. Recurrence (%) of different precipitation thresholds in Kura-Aras plain
From Figure 4, it is clear that in the Kura- the intensity of precipitation falling on the Kura-
Aras plain, within the considered gradations, Aras plain is very low and covers a small time
precipitation less than 10 mm prevailed. 18% of phase. This is due to the lack of strong convective
the total precipitation was in the range of 10...19 processes in the lowland, less observation of
mm, and 16% was in the range of 20...29 mm. cumulonimbus clouds, and more precipitation
Less frequent are months with precipitation in falling from layered clouds. However, heavy
the range of 50...70 mm. The analysis shows that rains also have a sufficient intensity (7%).
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Hydrometeorology and ecology №1 2024
In addition to the above, the research also higher than 50, 60, and 70 mm. Thus, a 19% decrease
paid attention to the changes in the thresholds in monthly occurrences of precipitation above 50
where precipitation is more frequent compared to and 60 mm, and a 15% decrease in precipitation
the corresponding climate norm (1961...1990). The above 70 mm was recorded. A smaller amount
analyzes show that in the years 1991...2022, in the of variation in rainfall recurrence is observed for
Kura-Aras plain, there were significant decreases in monthly rainfall above 10 and 20 mm (Figure 5).
the months when the amount of precipitation was
Fig. 5. Fluctuations of precipitation thresholds in Kura-Aras plain (%)
The amount of monthly precipitation is in February, July and September, this indicator
associated with a decrease in the recurrence of increased compared to the norm. The annual
precipitation higher than 50... 60, and 70 mm, and indicator of the amount of precipitation in the
a decrease in the recurrence of heavy intensity plain decreased by 10% or 34 mm during the
precipitation and showers. Because, in the months period 1991...2022 compared to the base amount;
when continuous precipitations are not observed, 4. In the Kura-Aras lowland, the amount
the probability of repetition of precipitations in these of observed precipitation less than 10 mm
limits is very low. However, in 1991...2022, a high was more for individual months. 18% of the
(33%) increase was recorded in the recurring limit of total precipitation was in the range of 10...19
precipitation below 10 mm. This factor creates more mm, and 16% was in the range of 20...29 mm;
conditions for the expansion of droughts, which 5. In the Kura-Aras lowland, in 1991...2022,
have been increasing rapidly in the region recently. compared to the base (1961...1990), a 19%
decrease in monthly recurrences of precipitation
RESULTS above 50 and 60 mm, and a 15% decrease
The following results were obtained in precipitation above 70 mm was recorded.
from the analyzes carried out the basis of the If the climate changes in the Kura-Aras plain
preliminary data of the atmospheric precipitation continue with this dynamic, the reduction of
of 1991...2022 in the Kura-Aras plain: precipitation and humidity in the Kura-Aras plain,
1. Average annual precipitation which is considered a large agricultural region
in Kura-Aras plain was 349 mm in of the republic, will lead to the expansion of the
1961...1990, and 310 mm in 1991...2022. area of major environmental crises (drought,
2. 40% of the amount of salinization, etc.). The decrease in precipitation
precipitation in the area fell in the hot during the main periods when crops need water has
half-year and 60% in the cold half-year; led to the development of more drought-tolerant
3. In January, March, April, May, June, August, crops here. In order to mitigate the negative
October, November and December, the amount effects of climate changes in the area, prevention
of atmospheric precipitation decreased, while
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of evaporation from the surface of existing water 7. Huseynov.N.Sh., Huseynov.J.S. Distribution of
the Contemporary Precipitation Regime and the Impact of
channels in the area, closing of the surface of
Climate Change on it within the Territory of Azerbaijan //
water reservoirs with certain accessories (special
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plastic or rubber balloons), construction of field
october, – 2022, Volume 12, Issue 4, №:1000254. – P.1-7.
protection forest strips, mineralization of the 8. Karimov, R.N. Reducing the effects of climate change and
water of artesian wells, etc. it is important to see. adaptation measures / R.N.Karimov. - Baku: Teacher, - 2016. - 48 p.
9. Mahmudov, R.N. Regional climate changes and
dangerous hydrometeorological phenomena in Azerbaijan / R.N.
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ӘЗЕРБАЙДЖАН РЕСПУБЛИКАСЫНДАҒЫ КУРА-АРАКС ЖАЗЫҒЫНДАҒЫ АТМОС-
ФЕРАЛЫҚ ЖАУЫН-ШАШЫННЫҢ УАҚЫТ-КЕНІСТІК БӨЛУІН БАҒАЛАУ
Н.Ш. Гусейнов1 профессор, Дж.С. Гусейнов2* PhD, А.Х. Гаджиев1
1Ұлттық авиация академиясының кафедра меңгерушісі, Баку, Әзірбайжан
2 «Азербайжанские Авиалинии» АҚ «Азераэронавигация» УВД, Баку, Әзірбайжан
E-mail: camal_huseynov_88@mail.ru
Мақалада Кур-Аракс жазығындағы атмосфералық жауын-шашынның кеңістік-уақыттық
өзгерістерінің ерекшеліктері қарастырылады. Талдау кезінде облыстағы 10 гидрометеоро-
логиялық станциялардың 1992...2022 жылдардағы жауын-шашын деректері пайдаланылды.
Зерттеу жұмысы математикалық-статистикалық және картографиялық әдістер арқылы жүр-
гізілді. Талдау көрсеткендей, орташа жылдық жауын-шашын мөлшері Кура-Аракс жазығында
310 мм құрайды. Жазық аймақтарда жауын-шашынның 40%-ы жылы, 60%-ы суық жартылай
кезеңде түседі. Суық мезгілде жауын-шашын мөлшері жағалық аудандардан жазыққа қарай
азаяды, ал жылы мезгілде керісінше. Атмосфералық жауын-шашын қаңтар, наурыз, сәуір, ма-
мыр, маусым, тамыз, қазан, қараша, желтоқсан айларында азайып, ақпан, шілде, қыркүйекте
өсті. Жазықтағы жауын-шашынның жылдық мөлшері 1991...2022 жылдар аралығында баста-
пқы мөлшермен салыстырғанда 10%-ға азайды.Жалпы жауын-шашынның 18%-ы 10...19 мм,
ал 16%-ы 20...29 мм аралығында болды. Құра-Аракс жазығында айлық жауын-шашынның 50
және 60 мм-ден жоғары төмендеуі 19%-ға, 70 мм-ден жоғары жауын-шашынның 15%-ға азаюы
тіркелді. Зерттеу нәтижелерін экономиканың жаңа бағыттарын құру үшін пайдалануға болады.
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Hydrometeorology and ecology №1 2024
Түйін сөздер: жауын-шашын, климаттың өзгеруі, ArcGIS, жауын-шашын шектері, ауытқулар, тренд
қисығы, айырмашылық интегралы
ОЦЕНКА ВРЕМЕННО-ПРОСТРАНСТВЕННОГО РАСПРЕДЕЛЕНИЯ АТМОСФЕРНЫХ
ОСАДКОВ НА КУРА-АРАКСИНСКОЙ НИЗМЕННОСТИ
В АЗЕРБАЙДЖАНСКОЙ РЕСПУБЛИКЕ
Н.Ш. Гусейнов1 профессор, Дж.С. Гусейнов2* PhD, А.Х. Гаджиев1
1Национальная Авиационная Академия, Баку, Азербайджан
2АО «Азербайджанские Авиалинии» УВД «Азераэронавигация», Баку, Азербайджан
E-mail: camal_huseynov_88@mail.ru
В статье рассмотрены особенности пространственно–временных изменений атмосферных
осадков на Кура-Араксинской низменности. При анализе использовались данные об осад-
ках с 10 гидрометеорологических станций района за период 1992...2022 гг. Исследования
проводились математико-статистическими и картографическими методами. Анализ пока-
зывает, что среднегодовое количество осадков на Кура-Араксинской низменности составля-
ет 310 мм. Здесь 40% осадков выпадает в теплый и 60% в холодный полупериод. В холод-
ное время года количество осадков уменьшается от прибрежных районов к равнинам, а в
теплое – наоборот. Атмосферные осадки уменьшились в январе, марте, апреле, мае, июне,
августе, октябре, ноябре и декабре и увеличились в феврале, июле и сентябре. Годовой по-
казатель количества осадков на равнине снизился на 10% за 1991...2022 годы по сравне-
нию с базовой суммой. 18% общего количества осадков находилось в пределах 10...19 мм,
а 16% - 20...29 мм. На Кура-Араксинской низменности зафиксировано снижение месячной
выпадения осадков свыше 50 и 60 мм на 19%, а количество осадков свыше 70 мм - на 15%.
Результаты исследований могут быть использованы при создании новых сфер экономики.
Ключевые слова: количество осадков, изменения климата, ArcGIS, пороги осадков, колебания, кривая
тренда, интеграл разности
Information about authors/Авторлар туралы мәліметтер/Сведения об авторах:
Huseynov Nazim Shakar oglu – Professor, Doctor of Science, Head of Department, National Aviation Academy, Mardakan
av., 30, Baku, nazimmet@mail.ru
Huseynov Jamal Surkhay oglu – PhD, forecaster, Azerbaijan Airlines JSC, Azeraeronavigation ATM , Mardakan av., 30,
Baku, jamal_huseynov_88@mail.ru
Hadjiev Agil Khanputa oglu – Postgraduate student, Senior lecturer, National Aviation Academy, Mardakan av., 30, Baku,
agilhaciyev35@gmail.com
Гусейнов Назим Шекар оглы – профессор, ғылым докторы, Ұлттық авиация академиясының кафедра меңге-
рушісі, Мардакана даңғылы 30, Баку, nazimmet@mail.ru
Гусейнов Жамал Сурхай оглы – Кандидат Наук, синоптик, «Азербайжанские Авиалинии» АҚ «Азераэронавига-
ция» УВД, Мардакана даңғылы 30, Баку, jamal_huseynov_88@mail.ru
Хаджиев Агиль Ханпута оглы – аспирант, Ұлттық авиация академиясының аға оқытушысы, Мардакана даңғылы,
30, Баку, agilhaciyev35@gmail.com
Гусейнов Назим Шакар оглы- Профессор, доктор наук, глава департамента, Национальная Авиационная Акаде-
мия, Проспект Мардакана 30, Баку, nazimmet@mail.ru
Гусейнов Джамал Сурхай оглы- Кандидат наук, синоптик, АО «Азербайджанские Авиалинии» УВД «Азераэрона-
вигация», Проспект Мардакана 30, Баку, camal_huseynov_88@mail.ru
Гаджиев Агиль Ханпута оглы - Aспирант, Старший преподаватель, Национальная Авиационная Академия, Про-
спект Мардакана 30, Баку, aqilhaciyev35@gmail.com
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Scientific article Huseynov et al., Evaluation of the time space...
Authors contribution/ Авторлардың қосқан үлесі/ Вклад авторов:
Huseynov Nazim – мethodology development, conducting statistical analysis, conducting a research
Huseynov Jamal – сoncept development, conducting statistical analysis, conducting a research, preparing and editing
the text, visualization
Hadjiev Agil – сoncept development, conducting a research, resources, preparing and editing the text, visualization
Гусейнов Назим Шекар оглы – әдістемені әзірлеу, статистикалық талдау жүргізу, зерттеу жүргізу
Гусейнов Жамал Сурхай оглы – тұжырымдаманы әзірлеу, бағдарламалық жасақтама жасау, статистикалық
талдау жүргізу, зерттеу жүргізу, мәтінді дайындау және өңдеу, көрнекілік
Хаджиев Агиль Ханпута оглы – тұжырымдаманы әзірлеу, бағдарламалық жасақтама жасау, статистикалық тал-
дау жүргізу, зерттеу жүргізу, ресурстар, мәтінді дайындау және өңдеу, көрнекілік
Гусейнов Назим Шекар оглы – разработка методологии, проведение статистического анализа, проведение ис-
следования
Гусейнов Жамал Сурхай оглы – разработка концепции, создание программного обеспечения, проведение ста-
тистического анализа, проведение исследования, подготовка и редактирование текста, визуализация
Хаджиев Агиль Ханпута оглы – разработка концепции, создание программного обеспечения,
проведение статистического анализа, проведение исследования, ресурсы, подготовка и редактирование текста,
визуализация
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