Evaluation of the state of industrial water bioresources in fish areas of Ukraine Текст научной статьи по специальности «Биологические науки»

Ukrainian Journal of

Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences!

http://uivas.com.ua

Stepan Gzhytskyi National University of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnologies Lviv

original article | UDC 639.21 | doi: 10.32718/ujvas4-3.12

Volume 4 Number 3

Evaluation of the state of industrial water bioresources in fish areas of Ukraine

M. I. Burhaz, T. I. Matvienko, K. I. Bezik, A. I. Lichna

Odessa State Environmental University, Lvivska Str., 15, Odessa, 65016, Ukraine

Article info Received 01.09.2021 Received in revised form

04.10.2021 Accepted 05.10.2021

Correspondence author Maryna Burhaz Phone: +38-067-990-49-26 E-mail: marinaburgaz14@gmail. com

2021 Burgaz M. I. et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

Contents

1. Introduction................. .. 68

2. Materials and methods .... .. 69

3. Results and discussion .... .. 69

4. Conclusions................ .. 74

References ....... .. 75

Abstract

Agriculture, fisheries, and the food industry play a key role in ensuring the country's food security. The modern fishing industry in Ukraine is a highly industrial, capital-intensive, integrated production with high production costs, which is designed to ensure the socio-economic development of many coastal regions and provide the population with valuable protein products necessary for healthy eating. The total volume of extracted aquatic organisms in III and IV zones of aquaculture of Ukraine was studied; dynamics of catches of aquatic organisms by regions and fishery zones on the territory of Ukraine; the structure of fishing by regions in the inland waters of Ukraine is analyzed; the leading representatives of catches in inland waters of Ukraine by regions were identified. Considering the dynamics of catches of aquatic organisms in inland waters from 2005 to 2020, it was found that production decreased significantly in almost all Ukraine regions and some regions decreased to almost zero. Studies have shown that the total production of aquatic bioresources in 2005 amounted to 42.364 tons, in 2010 -37.615 tons, in 2015 - 35.985 tons, in 2020 - 22.267 tons. In all periods, leaders among the production in inland waters are Odesa and Cherkasy regions. Comparing the data for 2005 and 2020, it can be seen that catches have almost halved. It is established that, according to the analysis, the main representatives of the caught ichthyofauna are: grass carp, carp, crucian, bream, silver carp, ram, pike perch, pike, perch, catfish. The structure of catches for the whole period remains almost unchanged. The largest catches (2019) are: carp - 1704 tons; silver carp - 675 tons Sumy region; crucian carp - 398.8 tons; ram (flat) - 364.5 tons Kyiv region. The main species found in the catches of other regions are - the Volyn region - carp (237 tons), Zhytomyr region - silver carp (300 t), Lviv region - carp (499 tons), Rivne region - carp (134 tons), Ternopil region - carp (342.4 tons), Khmelnytsky region - carp (279.2 tons), Chernihiv region. - carp (352.8 t). Pike, grass carp, and catfish were the least caught in the whole territory of Ukraine. It should be noted that several factors that affect fish stocks of inland waters, and consequently catches, most often consider the impact of environmental factors, destruction and inefficiency of spawning grounds, age and sex structure of populations, poaching, etc.

Keywords: catch, aquaculture, fishing, ichthyofauna, fish zones, catch structure.

Citation:

Burhaz, M. I., Matvienko, T. I., Bezik, K. I., & Lichna, A. I. (2021). Evaluation of the state of industrial water bioresources in fish areas of Ukraine. Ukrainian Journal of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, 4(3), 68-75.

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1. Introduction

Fisheries, as a whole, play a significant role in Ukraine's economy. It includes fishing and processing, reproduction and protection of fish stocks, breeding and rearing of marketable fish, breeding and research work, research and development, sectoral multilevel training system, etc. (Hrytsyniak & Gurbyk, 2017; Senechyn, 2020; Kofonov et al., 2020; Honcharova et al., 2021).

Inland fishing and aquaculture account for about 25 % of world fish production. In addition, many essential fisheries in estuaries and coastal waters are closely linked to environmental processes occurring in freshwater systems. The central part of production is created due to small-scale activities with an extremely high level of participation in fishing, processing, and marketing. Inland fishing is often crucial for local food security (Rybne hospodarstvo Ukrainy; Stan rybnoho hospodarstva).

According to the temperature regime, the territory of Ukraine is usually included in four zones of pond fish farming. The division into zones is based on the number of days

when the air temperature exceeds 15 °C. Modern pond farms are divided into warm-water carp and cold-water trout. The main object of cultivation in hot water farms until the 60ies was carp, which received from 90 to 100 % of all products from feeding ponds. During this period, tench, silver carp, rainbow trout, pellets, sterlet, and other fish species were used as additional fish, which slightly increased total fish production. To free the feeding ponds from garbage fish, they planted predatory fish - pike and pike perch. Compared to carp, additional fish had a low growth rate, a slight increase in fish production, higher environmental requirements, and competed in nutrition with carp. This has led to the complete abandonment of the use of these fish species in commercial pond fisheries (Rybne hospodarstvo Ukrainy; Kapustynska, 2019).

Since the 1960ies, fish from the Far Eastern complex, the so-called herbivorous fish: white and variegated silver carp and their hybrids and grass carp, have been grown in ponds together with carp. These fish, like carp, have a fast growth rate, are resistant to adverse environmental conditions, winter well enough, and almost do not compete with carp in nutrition. There is a stable community of fast-growing and compatible with carp fish species in pond fish farming, i.e., polyculture of carp with herbivorous fish.

The peculiarity of the hot-water pond carp farm is that the fish are raised in artificial ponds. These are often dug and compacted floodplain ponds, with a relatively small area (from 0.1 to 100 ... 200 ha) and an average depth (not more than 1.3 ... 1.5 m). Ponds are entirely drained in the absence of flow and intensive feeding of carp.

Another type of pond farm - is a cold-water pond farm. The objects of breeding in them are brook trout, rainbow trout, Sevan trout, Donaldson trout, steel-headed salmon, and others. In contrast to carp fish, these fish are more demanding oxygen content in the water, freshwater, and complete high-protein food (Rybne hospodarstvo Ukrainy; Stan rybnoho hospodarstva).

Ponds in cold-water salmon farms are small, with an area of 100 to 1000 m2 with an average depth of 1.5 m. The soil should be gravel-sandy and pebble. The ratio of the parties

in the pond is 1: 5, 1:10, and even up to 1:20. The ponds are quickly filled with water and emptied. Discharge of water takes 1 ... 4 hours.

The purpose of the study was to assess the current state of the fishery for aquatic bioresources and to study the structure of fish catches in the regions and fish-breeding zones of Ukraine.

2. Materials and methods

Based on specialized literature, the current state of aquatic bioresources in general and inland water bodies in III and IV fish-growing zones of Ukraine is assessed, the dynamics of aquatic life catches by regions and fishery zones in Ukraine is studied Of Ukraine in the period 20002019. All data used for the analysis were statistically processed.

3. Results and discussion

The territory of Ukraine belongs to four fish-growing zones, namely Zone III - Polissya, Zone IV - Forest-Steppe and Prykarpattia, Zone V - Northern Steppe, and Zone VI -Southern Steppe (Fig. 1).

Fig. 1. Pond aquaculture zones of Ukraine

The aquaculture zone of Polissya (III zone) includes nine oblasts, namely: Volyn, Zhytomyr, Lviv, Rivne, Sumy, Ternopil, Khmelnytsky, Chernihiv, the northern part of Kyiv oblast.

The forest-steppe zone of the Forest-Steppe and Prykarpattia (Zone IV) includes eight oblasts, such as Vin-nytsia, Poltava, Kharkiv, Cherkasy, Zakarpattia, Ivano-Frankivsk, Chernivtsi, the southern part of Kyiv.

Northern Steppe Aquaculture Zone (Zone V) includes the following regions: Dnipropetrovsk, Donetsk, Zaporizhia (northern part). Kirovohrad, Lugansk.

The zone of aquaculture Southern Steppe (VI zone) includes Zaporizhzhia (southern part), Mykolaiv, Odesa, Kherson, Crimea.

Considering the dynamics of catches of aquatic organisms in inland waters from 2005 to 2020 (Dobuvannia vod-nykh bioresursiv za rehionamy; Kapustynska, 2019) (Table 1), it should be noted that production decreased significantly in almost all Ukraine regions, and some regions decreased to almost zero.

Catch of aquatic organisms in inland waters by fishing regions 2005-2020, tons (According to the State Statistics of Ukraine) (Derzhavna sluzhba statistiki Ukrayini)

Region of industry 2005 2010 2015 2020

Vinnytsia 1691 1926 2037 1 95.8

Volyn 664 423 772 -

Dnipropetrovsk 1580 1794 2035 3448.3

Donetsk 1986 3062 2107 1648.5

Zhytomyr 875 534 609 K

Zakarpattia 422 377 402 K

Zaporizhzhia 2684 2202 1401 1069,8

Ivano-Frankivsk 603 507 610 69.3

Kyiv 2261 1999 3 2303,2

Kirovohrad 1291 1553 1832 523,3

Luhansk 511 513 3 134.1

Lviv 1626 1287 809 52.5

Mykolayiv 3258 2483 1708 493.2

Odesa 6659 4344 5077 3923.2

Poltava 3459 1379 1113 1264.6

Rivne 713 486 520 -

Sumy 1681 2112 2534 -

Ternopil 515 745 239 -

Kharkiv 1010 1107 1248 437.4

Kherson 1959 1717 2461 1795.2

Khmelnytsky 824 176 479 508.1

Cherkasy 4568 5254 5856 4325.7

Chernivtsi 366 487 1081 -

Chernihiv 1158 1148 1055 74.4

Thus, the total production of aquatic bioresources in 2005 amounted to 42.364 tons, in 2010 - 37.615 tons, in 2015 - 35.985 tons, in 2020 - 22.267 tons. The leaders among the production in inland waters in all periods are Odesa and Cherkasy regions. Comparing the data for 2005 and 2020, it can be seen that catches have almost halved.

All this has specific reasons. The first, one of the main reasons, is environmental, as all water bodies receive chemical fertilizers from fields and leach into industrial wastewater from enterprises, cities, etc. Another reason is the barbaric

poaching of our fish resources when fishing with trawls (Burgaz et al., 2019; Burhaz et al., 2021).

Considering the structure of fish catches by regions of Ukraine is given in table. 2 and table. Three, it should be noted that the prominent representatives of the ichthyofauna caught include: grass carp, carp, crucian, bream, silver carp, ram, zander, pike, perch, catfish (Kapustynska, 2019; Burgaz et al., 2019).

Analyzing the structure of catches in 2015, it should be noted that the main species harvested for this region were -carp (1704 tons) and silver carp (703 tons) Sumy region.

Table 2

The structure of fishing by region in the inland waters of Ukraine in 2015, t (according to the State Statistics Service of Ukraine) (Derzhavna sluzhba statistiki Ukrayini)

Region of industry Grass carp Carp Crucian Bream Silver carp Ram Zander Pike Perch Catfish

Vinnytsia 15 580 307 14 1024 25 10 19 6 2

Volyn 22 311 84 1 173 1 1 13 2 1

Dnipropetrovsk 12 187 609 267 343 272 44 2 22 22

Donetsk 3 670 57 5 1 342 13 3 3 7 1

Zhytomyr 1 197 45 - 248 1 1 1 1 -

Zakarpatska 1 266 1 - 103 - - 1 - 1

Zaporizhzhia 3 41 608 113 281 271 44 1 4 28

Ivano-Frankivsk 35 465 1 - 83 - - 1 - -

Kyiv 1 270 221 224 480 329 106 47 61 40

Kirovohrad 25 417 112 336 455 230 99 10 1 28

Luhansk 1 1 1 1 1 - 1 1 1 -

Lviv 13 570 19 - 126 - - 8 1 1

Mykolayiv 33 127 104 43 396 26 1 1 1 1

Odesa 55 338 1442 280 1967 42 1 19 38 8

Poltava 2 36 307 341 70 180 24 6 25 10

Rivne 8 352 1 - 131 1 - 1 1 -

Sumy 1 1704 90 - 703 - 1 1 - 3

Ternopil 7 164 10 - 48 - - 9 1 -

Kharkiv 21 220 36 39 793 4 5 4 5 40

Kherson 44 269 790 88 668 83 174 6 1 8

Khmelnytsky 1 292 59 1 59 8 1 10 1 1

Cherkasy 66 1089 208 1155 1373 894 98 46 44 87

Chernivtsi 4 569 62 1 312 1 1 1 1 1

Chernihiv 45 609 94 1 162 1 1 44 4 9

The structure of fish caught by region in the inland waters of Ukraine in 2019, t (according to the State Statistics Service of Ukraine) (Derzhavna sluzhba statistiki Ukrayini)

Region of industry Grass carp Carp Crucian Bream Silver carp Ram Zander Pike Perch Catfish

Vinnytsia 10.0 580 305.6 11.3 987.0 19.7 7.0 10.3 2.7 7.4

Volyn 17.4 311 63.8 1.9 90.8 1.8 0.4 8.4 4.2 1.7

Dnipropetrovsk 46.9 187 1883.4 345.1 403.2 363.1 60.7 19.4 80.4 45.5

Donetsk 26.5 670 60.3 2.6 1223.4 2.6 4.0 4.2 7.8 k

Zhytomyr 5.3 197 55.3 0.0 300.0 1.0 k 17.6 27.2 k

Zakarpatska k 266 k - 47.9 - - k - k

Zaporizhzhia 2.1 41 559.9 107.5 72.9 232.1 40.6 0.9 5.1 13.3

Ivano-Frankivsk 14.9 465 6,1 k 91.7 0.1 k k 0.1 -

Kyiv 31.1 270 398.8 251.1 469.2 364.5 213.0 57.0 89.3 65.7

Kirovohrad 12.0 417 191.6 134.4 372.8 116.5 21.0 6.4 16.5 24.1

Luhansk k 1 4.0 0.7 73.2 0.0 0.2 1.1 1.2 -

Lviv 6.1 570 31.1 k 122.4 1.3 0.5 5.9 1.8 -

Mykolayiv 42.0 127 172.7 57.1 279.5 42.1 11.1 4.0 4.8 1.1

Odesa k 338 3059.5 320.6 894.0 57.2 373.3 k k 14.3

Poltava k 36 366.7 376.5 31.0 182.7 50.7 18.5 81.5 16.3

Rivne 17.8 352 26.5 - 61.7 4.7 0.3 3.2 5.5 k

Sumy 52.6 1704 114.0 - 675.0 - k k - 2.8

Ternopil k 164 k - 50.6 - - 9.8 K -

Kharkiv 34.9 220 58.1 32.7 532.6 3.5 7.5 7.2 7.2 3.1

Kherson 54.0 269 657.0 94.2 708.0 86.6 27.3 6.1 8.9 12.1

Khmelnytsky 3.6 292 49.8 0.7 244.6 1.6 0.4 K K 0.3

Cherkasy 52.0 1089 578.7 1253.9 1072.0 975.8 176.1 43.6 97.6 52.7

Chernivtsi 23.9 569 80.7 - 146.9 - - 2.0 0.9 -

Chernihiv 19.4 609 45.2 24.0 103.0 11.5 1.0 11.3 1.4 2.3

The main species caught in the regions of this region were: the Volyn region - carp (311 tons), Zhytomyr region -silver carp (248 t), Lviv region - carp (570 tons), Rivne region - carp (352 tons), Ternopil region - carp (164 tons), Khmelnytsky region - carp (292 tons), Chernihiv region -carp (609 t). Bream, pike perch, perch, and catfish were the least caught.

The largest catches (2019) in this region are: carp - 1704 tons; silver carp - 675 tons Sumy region; crucian carp -398.8 tons; ram (flat) - 364.5 tons Kyiv region.

The main species found in the catches of other regions are - the Volyn region - carp (237 tons), Zhytomyr region -

silver carp (300 t), Lviv region - carp (499 tons), Rivne region - carp (134 tons), Ternopil region - carp (342.4 tons), Khmelnytsky region - carp (279.2 tons), Chernihiv region - carp (352.8 t).

Pike, grass carp, and catfish were the least observed in the catches of this region.

Considering the catch, in the inland waters for 20102019, in the III fish-breeding zone on the territory of Ukraine, the following results were obtained (Fig. 2). The leaders of 2010 were Kyiv, Sumy, Lviv, and Chernivtsi regions.

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Ukrainian Journal of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, 2021, Vol. 4, N 3

71

The catch in them was 1999 tons, 2112 tons, 745 tons, and 1148 tons, respectively. In the 2015 - Sumy and Cher-nivtsi regions, the catch was 2534 tons and 1055 tons, and in the 2019 - Kyiv and Sumy regions, the catch was 3614.2 tons and 1887, in tons, respectively.

The total volume of extracted aquatic organisms in 2019 was 12,282 tons, which is almost 14 % of the total volume

of extracted aquatic organisms throughout Ukraine, of which aquaculture is 4448.7 tons, and catch from inland water bodies - 3327.1 t. In table 4 and fig. 3 presents the extraction of aquatic organisms as aquaculture and inland water bodies in 2019.

Table 4

Total volume of harvested aquatic organisms in the III zone of aquaculture of Ukraine in 2019, t (according to the State Statistics of Ukraine) (Derzhavna sluzhba statistiki Ukrayini)

_Out of the total volume extracted by regions of fishing_

A11 region of aquaculture Internal water Region of Region of the Antarctic part of industry objects the Azov sea Black sea the Atlantic

Volyn 455.2 455.2 - - - -

Zhytomyr 841.4 k k - - -

Kyiv 3614.2 k 2303.2 k - -

Lviv 755.3 702.8 52.5 - - -

Rivne 367.4 367.4 - - - -

Sumy 1887.7 1887.7 - - - -

Ternopil 411.9 411.9 - - - -

Khmelnytsky 607.3 99.2 508.1 - - -

Chernihiv 598.9 524.5 74.4 - - -

Kyiv 3289.0 - 388.9 k к -

In general 12828.3 4448.7 3327.1

Ukraine* 92682.0 12675.4 22928.7 15082.9 k k

* The data are given without taking into account the temporarily occupied territory of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea;

Symbol (k) - data are not published in order to ensure compliance with the requirements of the Law of Ukraine "On State Statistics" on

confidentiality

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500,0

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Lviv Riviie

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Fig. 3. Extraction of aquatic organisms in inland water bodies and aquaculture of the III fish-water zone for the territory of

Ukraine

As can be seen from Fig. 3. The aquaculture leader in the Sumy region, where 1887.7 tons of aquatic organisms were extracted, and the leader in catching inland aquatic objects is the Kyiv region, where 2303.2 tons of aquatic organisms were extracted. However, there are some areas where data are not disclosed to ensure compliance with the Law of Ukraine "On State Statistics" on the confidentiality of statistical information.

While analyzing the structure of catches of the third fish zone for 2015-2019. It should be noted that in 2015 the main species that were harvested for this region were - carp (1704 tons) and silver carp (703 tons) Sumy region.

The main species caught in the regions of this region were: the Volyn region - carp (311 tons), Zhytomyr region -silver carp (248 t), Lviv region - carp (570 tons), Rivne region - carp (352 tons), Ternopil region - carp (164 tons), Khmelnytsky region - carp (292 tons), Chernihiv region -carp (609 t). Bream, pike perch, perch, and catfish were the least caught.

The largest catches (2019) in this region are: carp - 1704 tons; silver carp - 675 tons Sumy region; crucian carp -398.8 tons; ram (flat) - 364.5 tons Kyiv region.

The main species found in the catches of other regions are - the Volyn region - carp (237 tons), Zhytomyr region -

silver carp (300 t), Lviv region - carp (499 tons), Rivne region - carp (134 tons), Ternopil region - carp (342.4 tons), Khmelnytsky region - carp (279.2 tons), Chernihiv region - carp (352.8 t).

Pike, grass carp, and catfish were the least observed in the catches of this region.

As can be seen from the table 3 in 2019. The third fish-growing zone for the territory of Ukraine preferred the cultivation of carp and silver carp, the least growing and catching pike, catfish, pike perch.

The aquaculture zone of the Forest-Steppe and Prykarpattia (zone IV) includes eight oblasts, and the total volume of extracted aquatic organisms by region is shown in Fig. 4.

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Fig. 4. Dynamics of catching aquatic organisms in inland waters, tons a - 2010, b - 2015, c - 2019

Considering the catch in inland waters for 2010-2019, we obtained the following results (Fig. 4): the leaders of 2010 are Cherkasy and Vinnytsia regions. The catch in them was 5254 tons and 1926 tons, respectively.

In 2015, the maximum catch was presented in the same areas of the fish zone and amounted to 5856 tons and 2037 tons, and in 2019 - the constant leaders in catching aquatic

organisms of this fish zone (Cherkasy and Vinnytsia regions) joined the Poltava region, whose catch was 5914.0 tons, 1975.9 tons and 1278.8 tons, respectively.

The total catch of aquatic organisms in 2019 (Table 5) is 11,675.7 tons, which is 12 % of the total catch in Ukraine, of which aquaculture is 5154.7 tons, and catch from inland water bodies - 6292.8 tons (Fig. 5).

Table 5

Total volume of harvested aquatic organisms in the IV zone of aquaculture of Ukraine in 2019, t (according to the State Statistics of Ukraine) (Derzhavna sluzhba statistiki Ukrayini)

All regions of industry

Out of the total volume extracted by regions of fishing

Aquaculture

Internal water objects

Region of the Azov sea

Region of the Black sea

Antarctic part of the Atlantic

Vinnytsia 1975.9 1780.1 195.8 - - -

Zakarpatska 228.2 k k - - -

Ivano-Frankivsk 516.7 447.4 69.3 - - -

Poltava 1278.8 14.2 1264.6 - - -

Kharkiv 953.6 516.2 437.4 - - -

Cherkasy 5914.0 1 588.3 4325.7 - - -

Chernivtsi 808.5 808.5 - - - -

In general 11675.7 5154.7 6292.8

Ukraine* 92682.0 12675.4 22928.7 15082.9 k k

* The data are given without taking into account the temporarily occupied territory of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea;

Symbol (k) - data are not published in order to ensure compliance with the requirements of the Law of Ukraine "On State Statistics" on

confidentiality

Fig. 5. Extraction of aquatic organisms in inland water bodies and aquaculture of the IV fish-water zone for the territory

of Ukraine, tons

As shown from Fig. 5, Vinnytsia and Cherkasy oblasts belong to the oblasts with the maximum development of aquaculture of this fish-growing zone, the catch of aquatic organisms amounted to 1780.1 tons 1588.3 tons, respectively. Furthermore, the leader in the extraction of aquatic bioresources in inland water bodies was the Cherkasy region - 4325.7 tons.

There are also some areas in this fish farming area where data are not published to ensure compliance with the requirements of the Law of Ukraine "On State Statistics" on the confidentiality of statistical information.

Considering the structure of catches (Dobuvannia vod-nykh bioresursiv za rehionamy; Kapustynska, 2019), it should be noted that the leading industrial species in the Vinnytsia region in 2015 and 2019 was silver carp. The numerous minor species were in 2015 catfish and 2019 perch.

Zakarpattia, Ivano-Frankivsk, and Chernivtsi regions (2015) partially do not disclose catches to ensure compliance with the Law of Ukraine "On State Statistics" on confidentiality of information. However, according to published data, it can be noted that the main catches are carp, silver carp, and crucian.

Poltava region (2015) in the leaders of bream, crucian carp and ram (flatworm), Kharkiv and Cherkasy regions -carp, silver carp, crucian carp.

In the structure of catches in 2019 of this fish zone, it was noted that the maximum catch is bream - 1253.9 tons, carp -1089 tons, silver carp - 1072 tons, and ram - 975.8 tons (Cherkasy region). In other regions, the maximum became: the Vinnytsia region. - carp (987 tons), Zakarpattia - carp (152.3 tons), Ivano-Frankivsk - carp (367.4 tons), Poltava -bream (376.5 tons), Kharkiv - carp (532.6), Chernivtsi - carp (446.3 t).

Pike, perch, pike perch, and catfish are the least represented in the catch structure of all regions.

4. Conclusions

Several factors hinder the development of the industry. Their whole set can be conditionally divided into several aggregated groups:

1) production and economic factors, which include the shortage of quality domestic fish material, shortage of Ukrainian feed, import dependence on equipment; depreciation of fixed assets of fisheries enterprises; low manufactur-ability of productions; predominance of small farms; problems with access to financial resources; lack of qualified personnel with specialized education; intensification of competition in the world fish market;

2) marketing and organizational factors: insufficient focus on market demand and needs, uncompetitive price, underdeveloped logistics, barriers to entry into trade networks, weak development of market infrastructure, higher prices of products in export markets; remoteness of fish production centers from consumption centers and high cost of transportation of frozen and chilled fish;

3) problems related to state regulation: the imperfection of the control and supervision system and customs and tariff regulation of exports and imports, low efficiency of state support, unresolved legal issues in fisheries, administrative barriers, and bureaucracy.

These factors significantly affect the development of fisheries in Ukraine, which has a free capacity of the domestic market, and products are competitive due to lower costs due to the devaluation of the national currency and low labor costs.

In the world's most developed fisheries, aquaculture is recognized as one of the most important factors that improve the economy, saturate the domestic market with quality fish products, increase employment, increase exports and related revenues. In this regard, the urgency of making adjustments to the current system of organization and functioning of

domestic fisheries and implementing a set of measures to improve.

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest. References

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Hrytsyniak, I., & Gurbyk, V. (2017). Assessment of market parameters of multiple age groups of the galician carp. Scientific Messenger of LNU of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnologies. Series: Agricultural Sciences, 19(74), 29-32. DOI: 10.15421/nvlvet7407.

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Kofonov, K., Potrokhov, O., Hrynevych, N., Zinkovskyi, O., Khomiak, O., Dunaievska, O., Rud, O., Kutsocon, L., Chemerys, V., Gutyj, B., Fijalovych, L., Vavrysevych, J., Todoriuk, V., Leskiv, K., Husar, P., & Khumynets, P. (2020). Changes in the biochemical status of common carp juveniles (Cyprinus carpio L.) exposed to ammonium chloride and potassium phosphate. Ukrainian Journal of Ecology, 10(4), 137147. DOI: 10.15421/2020_181.

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Senechyn, V. (2020). Technology of growing aquaculture objects in conditions PE "Kunitsky" Mlyniv district of Rivne region. Scientific Messenger of LNU of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnologies. Series: Agricultural Sciences, 22(93), 50-54. DOI: 10.32718/nvlvet-a9309.

Stan rybnoho hospodarstva [Elektronnyi resurs] Rezhym dostupu: https://www.kmu.gov.ua (in Ukrainian).