CC BY
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Section AGEING and SENESCENCE
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of frailty included time to walk 15 feet and maximal grip strength. Results were analyzed and compared between eight groups according to: place of residence, gender and age subgroups. In general, rural elderly were characterized by higher AL values compared to their urban peers, and males had greater AL values compared to females. Significant gender-related differences were noted among rural individuals (55-69 years: 3.43 males vs 2.18 females; >70 years: 2.88 males vs 2.52 females). It was observed that younger urban and rural females had lower AL values compared to their older peers, opposite relation was noted in case of male participants. It was noted that rural females in both age subgroups had significantly stronger hand grip then urban peers. However, rural females needed more time to walk 15 feet compared to urban females. No age- or place of residence-differences in grip strength and time to walk 15 feet were found in case of males. To conclude, conditions of life and exposure to external stressors seemed to vary in a great extent between females and males from rural area, but not urban area. Differences in physical performance due to the place of residence were pronounced only in studied females.
Key words: allostatic load, frailty, Polish elderly, urban, rural
EVALUATION OF PHYSICAL FITNESS BY USING SENIOR FITNESS TEST AND THE ANALYSIS OF BODY COMPOSITION IN SENIOR WOMEN OF U3V
Podzimkovâ Tereza, Pridalovâ Miroslava, Sibrovâ Lucie
Department of Natural Sciences in Kinanthropology, Faculty of Physical Culture, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
Optimal physical fitness is an important factor which limits the progression of senior fragility and contributes to the prevention of falls. Body composition, together with the optimal growth of muscle strength and bone density, contribute to the prophylaxis of senior fragility and accident prevention for seniors. The research group consisted of senior women attending University of the Third Age at the Faculty of Physical Culture of Palacky University in Olomouc. The research sample was divided into groups according to age (< 60 years; > 60 years). Physical fitness was assessed by a set of "Senior Fitness Test", which includes six tests: chair and stand test, arm curl test, step test, chair sit and reach test, back scratch test and walk test. Muscle strength was evaluated in the flexors of the arm, forearm and hand by digital pinch grip (MIE Medical Research). Body composition was determined according to the method of bioelectrical impedance by InBody 720. Out of the characteristics of body composition, the health indicators of obesity will primarily be used for evaluation of the health risks - Body Fat Mass (kg), Body Fat Mass Index (kg/m2), Fat Free Mass (kg), Fat Free Mass Index (kg/m2), Skeletal Muscle Mass (kg), Body Cell Mass (kg) and the amount of visceral fat (cm2) indicative of the risk of abdominal obesity. Bone density was determined at the heel and wrist area by local densitometer (EXA 3000). Visceral fat in the younger group of women was on average lower than in the older women, but both groups exceeded the value of risk (100 cm2). Values in amount of Body Fat and Fat Free Mass between the groups did not differ significantly. In Senior Fitness Test, both groups of women achieved similar results, the difference was significant only in step test (better results in the older group), and in walk test (better results in the younger one).
Key words: senior population over 60 years, body fat mass, fat free mass, senior fitness test, bone mineral density, maximum muscle strength, risk of falls
Contact information: Nowaczyk Paulina Malgorzata, e-mail: polinan@up.poznan.pl.
Contact information: Podzimková Tereza, e-mail: tereza.podzimkovaQ1@upol.cz.
19 Конгресс Европейской Антропологической Ассоциации МГУ имени М.В.Ломоносова, Москва, 25-29 августа, 2014
Вестник Московского университета. Серия XXIII АНТРОПОЛОГИЯ — 3/2014
