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EVALUATION OF COMBINING ABILITY OF STERILE AND FERTILE LINES OF DETERMINATE TOMATO WITH RESISTANCE GENES (I2, Vm M) ON EARLY AND TOTAL PRODUCTIVITY
G.F. Monakhos, X.T. Dinh
(RSAU-MTAA)
Abstract: The results of the evaluation of general (GCA) and specific (SCA) combining ability of functional male sterile (ps-2) of determinate tomato with resistance to Fusarium wilt, Verticillium wilt, Meloidogyne incognita and fertile lines are provided. The evaluation was made in the system of crossing between two different groups of genotypes. 80 F1 hybrids (2010), 170 F1 hybrids (2011) and six standard forms are studied. High heterotic effect on early and total productivity compared with the parental forms and the best standards are shown. Hybridization of sterile and fertile lines of determinate tomato makes F1 hybrids, the total productivity of which considerably exceeds the best standard F1 Semko 18, F1 Katya. For example, hybrid combination (Si 1-31 x Bif kr), (Si 1-36 x x Prima 1-4), (Si 1-36 x Sunrise 1-32), (Si 1-31 x Sa 1-3643 rin), (Si 1-31 x Prima 1-4), (Sf04(19) x x Bif kr), (Si 1-33 x Gector 1-6), (Sf04(20) x 01-15) and (Si 1-36 x Olga 1-1). When breeding for early productivity, sterile (Si 1-33, Si 1-36, Sf04(19), Sf04(20)) and fertile (01-15, RSKT 1-381) lines are proposed to be used, due to their high GCA effects. High correlation between the early productivity of fertile lines and their GCA effects was ascertained (0,92 ± 0,14 in 2010; 0,88 ± 0,12 in 2011). Both years, an average positive correlation between early and the total productivity was observed (0,64 ± 0,09 in 2010; 0,65 ± 0,06 in 2011). In the breeding high-yielding F1 hybrids sterile (Si 1-31, Si 1-33, Si 1-36, Sf04(19), Sf04(20)) and fertile (Prima 1-4, Bif kr) lines having high GCA on the total productivity are separated and recommended for use. High heterotic effect in early productivity can be determined on high GCS of parental lines, and high effect of heterosis in the total productivity - high GCA parental lines or high GCA one of the parents with high SCA.
Keywords: lines, hybrid, GCA, SCA, tomato, productivity.
Increasing adaptive potential of cultivated plants by the creation of new varieties, hybrids, which possess high productivity, resistance to pathogens and negative environmental factors is one of the most important trends in tomato breeding [4]. Efficiency of breeding in this direction depends primarily on the source material with economically valuable traits (earliness, resistance to diseases, pests, etc.). The value of lines and varieties is determined by their ability to have offspring with heterosis pronounced to a greater or lesser extent when crossing with other lines. Heterosis for the total and early yield in tomato exceeded that in local varieties by 20-50% or more [1, 3].
Evaluation of the combining ability of the parental forms allows the researcher to foresee the results of the future crossings and focus on promising material, while avoiding unnecessary costs and time spent on testing hybrids from parents of no practical value.
The purpose of the present work is to study and select the source material for the developing high-yielding F1 tomato hybrids. To achieve this goal, the objectives included a study of F1 hybrids and assessment of general (GCA) and specific (SCA) combining ability of the parental lines used in the breeding of F1 tomato hybrids on economically valuable traits (early and total productivity).
Materials and methods
Studies have been conducted in 2010-2011 at the Department of Breeding and Seed growing of horticultural crops of RSAU - MTAA named after K.A. Timiryazev and at the Breeding station named after N.N. Timofeev. For obtaining F1 hybrids crossing between sterile (ps-2) maternal and fertile paternal lines of tomato was done in a greenhouse. Among the parental lines, Si 1-3, Si 1-31, Si 1-33, Si 1-36, Si 1-25, 01-15 were homozygotes in three resistance genes I2, Ve, Mi; lines Sv 2-41, Sv 2-43, Sv 1-23, Sv 1-25, Olga 1-1, Sa 1-3643 rin, Khania 1-2, Bif kr, Sunrise 1-1, Sunrise 1-32, Renome 2-2, 1677-1, Joker 1-14, Joker 1-0 rin, Gector 1-6, Gector 1-9 rin - homozygotes in two resistance genes I2, Ve; line Prima 1-4 - homozygote in two resistance genes Ve, Mi. The presence of resistance genes (I2, Ve, Mi) and their homo- or heterozygotic state of the parental lines was identified at the Centre for Molecular Biotechnology of RSAU - MTAA named after K.A. Timiryazev on the basis of SCAR primers developed by G.I. Karlov and colleagues.
In 2010, testing of 80 F1 hybrids was conducted, in 2011 - 170 F1 hybrids and parental lines under field conditions without irrigation. A randomized complete block design with three replications was used. Thus, each block consisted of 5 plants. Local hybrids F1 Katya, F1 Server, F1 Slot, F1 Semko 18, F1 Junior and variety Belyi naliv 241 were used as a standard for comparison.
In 2010, the seeds were sown on April 22nd, pricking-out seedlings - on May 4th, planting seedlings - on May 20th with scheme 70 X 35 cm.
In 2010, an unusually long period of abnormally hot and dry weather took place, the maximum air temperatures during the daytime reached 37 - 39°C, without rain. Tomato fruit harvesting was carried out by hand once a week in the period from July 26th to October 4th, before the first freezeng. In 2011, the seeds were sown on April 16th, pricking-out seedlings - on May 7th, planting seedlings - on May 26th with scheme 70 x 20 cm. Tomato fruits were harvested once every 10 days during the period from August 1st to October 15th, before the first freezing. The average air temperature in Moscow in July 2011 was 5-9 °C higher than normal. Almost for two weeks very hot weather was observed that summer, with a record temperature of 33°C. At harvest, the fruit weight and the number of fruits per plant was counted, as well as the number of marketable fruits (fruit without blossom-end rot and without cracking).
Mathematical processing and analysis of combining ability of the parental lines was carried out according to V.K. Savchenko, the 1st model [5, 6]. The coefficient of correlation between various traits and effects of GCA was determined according to V.A. Dospekhov’s technique [2].
Results
Combining ability of the parental lines on the marketable early productivity
In both years, all studied genotypes significantly differed in marketable early productivity (productivity of the first two harvestings, before August 1st). In 2010, in the fertile lines it varied from 0 to 338 g (Olga 1-2 and 01-15, respectively), and in hybrids - from 0 to 604 g (Sv 2-1 x Olga 1-2 and Sf04(20) x 01-15, respectively). Most hybrids overperformed parental lines on this trait. Marketable early productivity of hybrids Sf04(20) x x 01-15, Sf04(19) x 01-15, Si 1-2 x PCKT 1-381, Si 1-3 x Prima 1-4 was 79, 78, 55 and 48% (respectively) higher than that of the best parental lines, and 23, 22, 7 and 2% higher than that of the best standard hybrid F1 Junior.
Dispersion analysis of combinational ability showed significant differences of lines on this factor. The largest effects of GCA were observed in sterile lines Si 1-3 (gj = 82) and Sf04(20) (gj = 41), low ones - in lines Sv 2-1 (gj = -85), Si 1-1 (gj = -27). Among fertile
lines, high GCA was recorded in lines 01-15 (g = 212) and RSKT 1-381 (g = 102) whereas lines Olga 1-2 (gi = -103), Khania 1-2 (gi = -96) showed low GCA. The largest variance SCA was ascertained in a sterile line Si 1-3 (a2Sj = 10528) and a fertile line 01-15 « = 9071) (Table 1).
Table 1
Early productivity of F1 hybrids (g), effects of general combining ability and variance of specific combining ability in a line during 2010
Line ?
6 Si 1-1 Si 1-2 Si 1-3 Sv 1 Sv 2-1 Sv 2-4 Sf04(19) Sf04(20) g, tf2S, Fi - Pi
Bif kr 93 163 288 152 256 97 208 416 210 -4 8193 61
RSKT 1-381 161 262 523 432 319 228 281 382 212 102 8663 68
Mongal 1-11 rin 50 190 141 464 181 55 196 68 153 -47 8914 -9
Joker 1-0 rin 30 126 73 349 204 178 214 237 314 -16 3481 86
Olga 1-2 0 144 101 181 75 0 26 185 288 -103 3096 -19
01-15 338 333 404 395 341 441 403 600 604 212 9071 107
Sunrise 1-5 26 221 79 213 168 142 178 63 212 -68 4084 -62
Khania 1-2 37 147 122 243 155 10 165 43 170 -96 1970 -15
Gector 1-1 133 165 112 169 114 147 184 233 217 -60 1467 3
Prima 1-4 196 261 409 499 269 131 279 302 313 80 3855 47
gj -27 -3 82 -20 -85 -14 25 41 u = 228
°2Sj 1901 8284 10528 568 2694 565 9783 6505
Note: LSD05 x = 59, LSD05 g, = 37, LSD05 gj = 33. Standard: F1 Semko 18 = 356 g/plant, F1 Server = = 100 g/plant, F1 Slot = 184 g/pla nt , F1 Junior = 490 g/plant, F1 Katya = 402 g/plant, Belyi naliv 241 = 27l g/plant.
The effect of heterosis on marketable early productivity of the best F1 hybrids was mainly high GCA of the parent in combination with the high effect of SCA of parental lines.
E.g., Sf04(20) x 01-15 (x. = 604, gt = 212, g. = 41, s. = 122), Sf04(19) x 01-15 (x. = 600, g = 212, gj = 25, sp = 135), Si 1-2 x RSKT 1-381 (x. = 523, g = 102, g = -3, s. = 196).
A very high correlation of the early productivity of paternal lines and their GCA effects r = 0,92 ± 0,14 was noticed. It allows to predict early yield of F1 hybrids according to the parental factors and witnesses in favour of the dominance of the early yields.
In 2011, the marketable early productivity declined in most studied genotypes. In the fertile lines it varied from 0 (Prima 1-4, Bif kr, Sunrise 1-32, 1677-1, Joker 1-0 rin, Gec-tor 1-6, Joker 1-17, Mongal 1-11 rin) to 156 g (01-15), and in the hybrid combinations -from 0 (Sv 1-23 x Sunrise 1-32, Sv 2-41 x Sunrise 1-32, Sv 1-23 x Joker 1-17, Sv 2-43 x Khania 1-2) to 604 g (Sf04(20) x 01-15). A number of hybrids overperformed the parental lines on marketable early productivity. The marketable early productivity in hybrids Sf04(20) x x 01-15, Sf04(19) x Bif kr, Si 1-33 x Joker 1-17, Sf04(19) x 01-15 was 287, 148, 143 and 135% (respectively) higher than in the best parental lines, and 178, 78, 75 and 69% higher than in the best standard hybrid F1 Junior (Table 2).
Line ¥
S Si 1 -25 Si 1-31 Si 1-33 Si 1-36 Sv 1 -23 Sv 1 -25 Sv 2-41 Sv 2-43 Sf04(19) Sf04(20) 9, °2Si F, -P,
Olga 1-1 30 216 144 101 218 0 9 29 222 253 122 -13 3728 101
01-15 156 295 212 240 323 260 301 248 348 367 604 176 10581 164
Sa 1 -3643 rin 15 105 258 48 193 36 59 14 29 175 191 -33 2922 96
Prima 1-4 0 142 126 82 118 25 69 29 52 219 213 -37 572 108
Bif kr 0 160 121 90 257 18 114 25 157 387 188 8 4768 152
Sunrise 1-32 0 110 109 58 263 0 40 0 15 138 131 -58 1218 86
Renome 2-2 45 151 206 205 253 75 136 104 41 219 146 10 257 109
1677-1 0 166 116 108 159 5 88 47 78 212 195 -27 -232 117
Sunrise 1-1 4 160 80 181 151 9 51 36 70 146 159 -40 -675 100
Joker 1-14 7 173 140 239 130 38 47 103 170 174 207 -2 915 135
Gector 1-9 rin 9 199 162 312 208 44 96 74 87 241 171 15 238 150
Joker 1-0 rin 0 152 69 291 127 42 89 36 50 146 106 -33 1791 111
Gector 1-6 0 151 262 280 248 22 76 50 78 158 127 1 1954 145
Joker 1-17 0 124 209 380 164 0 21 31 18 151 166 -18 4980 126
RSKT 1-381 140 272 270 332 282 179 231 179 133 217 220 88 1142 92
Khania 1-2 46 178 21 214 213 75 40 89 0 199 105 -31 2148 67
Mongal 1-11 rin 0 140 175 236 205 13 90 104 59 224 158 -4 -337 140
9j 26 14 56 63 -95 -52 -74 -49 69 45 w—144
°2s> -271 3176 8226 1103 -248 -64 -414 2147 1977 4106
Note: LSD05 x = 58, LSDP5 g, = 32, LSD05 g. = 25. Standards: F^ Semko 18 = 159 g/plant, F, Server = 98 g/plant, F, Slot = 54 g/plant,
F, Junior = 217 g/plant, F1 Katya = 181 g/plant, Belyi naliv 241 = 186 g/plant.
In 2011, high GCA effect was observed in sterile lines Sf04(19) (g. = 69), Si 1-36 (g. = 63), Si 1-33 (g = 56), Sf04(20) (g. = 45), and the low one - in lines Sv 1-23 (g. = -95), Sv 2-41 (g. = -74). Among fertile lines, very high GCA effect was shown by lines 01-15 (gi = 176) and rSkT 1-381 (g = 88), and low effect - in lines Sunrise 1-32 (gi = -58) and Sunrise 1-1 (gi = -40). Maximum variance SCA was found in a sterile line Si 1-33 (0% = 8226) and a fertile line 01-15 (a2Si = 10581) (Table 2).
In the fertile lines pronounced correlation was also observed between the early productivity and GCA effect (r = 0,88 ± 0,12). It confirms the stability of the genetic determination of «early yield» trait in the parental lines. Thus, in both years the maximum early productivity was observed in fertile lines 01-15 and RSKT 1-381. These lines were outstanding by their maximum GCA on this trait, because most F1 hybrids with the participation of these lines have shown marked earliness.
Combining ability of parental lines in relation to the marketable total productivity
In 2010, studied genotypes significantly differed in marketable total productivity. In the fertile lines it ranged from 350 (Sunrise 1-5) to 1102 g (Bif kr), and in hybrids - from 312 (Si 1-2 x Mongal 1-11 rin) to 1925 g (Si 1-3 x Prima 1-4). The line Bif kr was distinguished by very high marketable total productivity. Only 10 hybrid combinations considerably exceeded this line in terms of productivity, and among the standards, only F1 Semko 18 and F1 Katya have demonstrated higher figures. The marketable total productivity of the majority of hybrids was higher than that of the parent component. This regularity is visible in all paternal lines, except the line Bif kr. Marketable total productivity of the hybrids Si 1-3 x Prima 1-4, Si 1-2 x Prima 1-4, Sf04(20) x 01-15, Si 1-3 x Gector 1-1, Sf04(20) x x Joker 1-0 rin, Sf04(19) x Bif kr and Si 1-3 x Joker 1-0 rin was 75, 19, 17, 11, 10, 7 and 7% (respectively) higher than that of the best fertile paternal lines. Marketable total productivity of 22 hybrids was above 1 kg/plant and the hybrid Si 1-3 x Prima 1-4 was 29% higher than the best standard hybrid F1 Semko 18 (Table 3).
High effects of GCA on the total productivity of marketable fruits was recorded in sterile lines Si 1-3 (g. = 201) and Sf04(20) (g. = 106), while lines Sv 2-1 (g = 232), Si 1-2 (g. = 175) are found to have low GCA effects. Among fertile lines very high effects of GCA were possessed by the lines Prima 1-4 (gi = 248), Joker 1-0 rin (g. = 163) and 01-15 (g, = 142), and low ones - by the lines Khania 1-2 (g = 249), Mongal 1-11 rin (g. = 208) and Olga 1-2 (g, = 122). Maximal variance SCA was recorded in a sterile line Si 1-3 (o2Sj = 75253) and a fertile line Prima 1-4 (o2Si = 116902) (Table 3).
In 2010, the high effect of heterosis on the total productivity of marketable fruits of the best F1 hybrids mainly provided high SCA effect in combination with high GCA effects of parental lines, e.g. Si 1-3 x Prima 1-4 (x. = 1925, gi = 248, g. = 201, s. = 617), Sf04(20) x x 01-15 (x. = 1288, gi = 142, g. = 106, s. = 181); or high GCA of paternal line with high SCA in the combination: Si 1-2 x Prima 1-4 (x. = 1307, gi = 248, g = -175, s. = 375); or high GCA of maternal line with high SCA in the combination: Si 1-3 x Gector 1-1 (x. = 1222, gt = -37, g. = 201, s. = 199); and in the combination: Sf(04)19 x Bif kr (x. = 1182, gi = 72, g. = 9, s. = 242) high sCa with average GCA effects.
In 2010 no correlation existed between the total productivity of fertile paternal lines and their GCA effects (r = 0,25 ± 0,34).
In 2011, the marketable total productivity of genotypes was higher than in 2010. The total productivity of the fertile lines ranged from 190 (Joker 1-17) to 1210 g (Bif kr), and the total productivity of hybrids - from 388 (Sv 1-25 x Gector 1-6) to 1870 g (Si 1-31 x Bif kr).
Line ¥
S Si 1-1 Si 1-2 Si 1-3 Sv 1 Sv 2-1 Sv 2-4 Sf04(19) Sf04(20) 9, F, -P,
Bif kr 1102 859 730 885 994 769 864 1182 1164 72 24025 -171
RSKT 1-381 457 929 938 959 646 488 842 1074 1007 1 25786 403
Mongal 1-11 tin 516 791 312 1021 741 651 728 546 419 -208 35142 135
Joker 1-0 rin 608 1213 797 1181 981 845 967 973 1218 163 3275 414
Olga 1-2 674 858 573 586 961 479 482 777 1179 -122 47573 63
01-15 648 1006 583 1035 933 885 1149 1126 1288 142 25935 353
Sunrise 1-5 350 1158 597 940 861 725 847 752 915 -10 11229 499
Khania 1-2 750 774 579 850 701 436 688 353 496 -249 22443 -140
Gector 1-1 596 901 424 1222 835 624 814 877 882 -37 12484 226
Prima 1-4 840 1103 1307 1925 1030 369 1016 1022 1084 248 116902 267
9j 100 -175 201 9 -232 -19 9 106 u = 859
°2Sj 10973 40012 75253 13093 39726 11249 23794 38267
Note: LSD05 x = 61, LSD05 g = 37, LSD05 g = 33. Standards: F, Semko 18 = 1498 g/plant, F, Server = 944 g/plant, F, Slot = 1115 g/plant, F, Junior = 1029 g/plant., F, Katya = 1197 g/plant., Belyi naliv 241 = 489 g/plant.
131
Line ¥
>5' Si 1 -25 Si 1-31 Si 1-33 Si 1-36 Sv 1 -23 Sv 1 -25 Sv 2-41 Sv 2-43 Sf04(19) Sf04(20) 9i °2Si F, -P,
Olga 1-1 938 929 1210 1112 1542 447 514 691 1122 1160 834 -11 39413 18
01-15 543 946 1403 1052 984 839 1340 1043 1309 885 1562 169 113122 593
Sa 1 -3643 rin 295 810 1671 1011 1264 622 652 724 718 1221 1360 38 40433 710
Prima 1-4 747 1211 1657 1374 1749 543 868 776 645 1562 1631 235 51180 455
Bif kr 1210 915 1870 1087 1497 619 758 806 764 1631 1133 141 69616 -102
Sunrise 1-32 882 1159 1446 1125 1682 498 549 642 699 996 1180 31 36044 116
Renome 2-2 861 885 895 1610 1243 864 621 866 661 1261 1297 53 33328 159
1677-1 510 1185 743 1267 1410 562 843 714 749 942 1570 32 53569 489
Sunrise 1-1 504 813 1007 1229 1436 543 700 593 692 997 1290 -37 9347 426
Joker 1-14 489 1002 1160 1174 1133 626 857 842 992 1051 1175 34 12858 512
Gector 1-9 rin 616 940 1066 1359 1018 592 734 531 884 1002 974 -57 13229 294
Joker 1-0 rin 297 817 1082 1825 1284 546 571 919 793 871 846 -12 53744 658
Gector 1-6 908 794 1266 1583 1330 452 384 672 618 851 1013 -71 28342 -12
Joker 1-17 190 526 993 1263 1038 388 518 453 559 836 783 -231 7347 546
RSKT 1-381 554 1210 990 1336 1112 853 772 608 639 1103 918 -13 29044 400
Khania 1-2 612 855 647 1408 1217 730 590 508 450 1314 834 -112 49764 243
Mongal 1-11 rin 569 703 966 1097 1034 455 681 590 461 1089 768 -183 9560 215
9j -43 214 322 326 -368 -264 -262 -217 137 161 u = 967
ö2Sj 17115 73918 66996 38737 18096 26520 8472 35214 38310 40991
Note: LSD05 x = 92, LSD05 = 50, LSD05 = 39. Standards: F, Semko 18 = 863 g/plant, F, Server = 764 g/plant, F, Slot = 757 g/plant, F, Junior = = 951 g/plant, F, Katya = 1147 g/plant, Belyi naliv 241 = 437 g/plant.
The total productivity of 28 hybrid combinations was higher than in the best fertile lines and the best standard hybrid F1 Katya. E.g., the total productivity of hybrids Si 1-31 x x Bif kr, Si 1-33 x Joker 1-0 rin, Si 1-36 x Prima 1-4, Sf04(19) x Bif kr and Sf04(20) x x 01-15 was 63, 59, 52, 42 and 36% (respectively) higher than that of the best standard hybrid F1 Katya.
In 2011, high effects of GCA were found in sterile lines Si 1-36 (g = 326), Si 1-33 (gj = 322), Si 1-31 (gj = 214) and Sf04(20) (g = 161), while lines Sv 1-23 (g = -368), Sv 1-25 (gj = -264), Sv 2-41 (gj = -262), Sv 2-43 (gj = 17) demonstrated low GCA effects.
Among fertile lines, very high GCA effects were shown by the lines Prima 1-4 (gi = 235), 01-15 (gi = 169) and Bif kr (g, = 141), and low - by the lines Joker 1-17 (gi = -231), Mongal 1-11 rin (g, = -183) and Khania 1-2 (g, = -112). Maximal variance SCA effect was seen in a sterile line Si 1-31 (o2Sj = 73918) and a fertile line 01-15 (o2St = 113122) (Table 4).
In 2011, the effect of SCA on the total productivity ranged from 478 (Si 1-36 x 01-15) to 548 g (Si 1-31 x Bif kr and Si 1-33 x Joker 1-0 rin). No correlation was observed between the total productivity of fertile paternal lines and their GCA effects (r = 0,39 ± 0,24).
A significant effect of heterosis on the total productivity of the best F1 hybrids mainly provided high SCA effect in combination with high GCA effects of parental lines, e.g.. Si 1-31 x Bif kr (xp = 1870, gt = 141, g} = 214, sj = 548), Si 1-36 x Prima 1-4 (xj = 1749, g = 235, gj = 326, s,j = 221), Sf04(19) x Bif kr (xt- = 1631, g = 141, gj = 137, s,j = 386); or high GCA effects of maternal line with high SCA effect, e.g., Si 1-33 x Joker 1-0 rin (xt. = 1825, g, = -12, gj = 322, sp = 548), Si 1-36 x Sunrise 1-32 (x& = 1682, g, = 31, g] = 326, sp = 358), Si 1-31 x Sa 1-3643 rin (x v = 1671, gt = 38, g} = 214, sp = 452).
Conclusions
1. When breeding hybrid tomatoes for early productivity fertile (01-15, RSKT 1-381) and sterile (Sf04(19), Sf04(20), Si 1-33, Si 1-36) lines with high GCA should be used.
2. Between the early productivity of paternal lines and their GCA effects, a very high correlation was observed (r = 0,92 ± 0,14 in 2010; r = 0,88 ± 0,12 in 2011); it allows to predict the value of fertile paternal lines in early yields.
3. Maximum effect of heterosis on early productivity was found in combination Sf04(20) x 01-15, which outperformed the best standard hybrid F1 Junior by 23% in 2010 and 178% in 2011.
4. When breeding hybrid tomatoes for productivity improvement, fertile (Prima 1-4, 01-15, Bif kr) and sterile (Si 1-31, Si 1-33, Si 1-36, Sf04(19), Sf04(20)) lines with high GCA should be used.
5. No correlation existed between the total productivity of fertile paternal lines and their GCA effects (r = 0,25 ± 0,34 in 2010; r = 0,39 ± 0,24 in 2011).
6. Hybridization of sterile and fertile lines of determinate tomato allows to develop Fj hybrids, the total productivity of which considerably exceeds the best standards F1 Semko 18 and F1 Katya. E.g., a hybrid combination (Si 1-31 x Bif kr), (Si 1-36 x Prima 1-4), (Si 1-36 x Sunrise 1-32), (Si 1-31 x Sa 1-3643 rin), (Si 1-31 x Prima 1-4), (Sf04(19) x x Bif kr), (Si 1-33 x Gector 1-6), (Sf04(20) x 01-15) and (Si 1-36 x Olga 1-1).
7. In both years, a positive correlation was observed between the early and the total productivity (r = 0,64 ± 0,09 in 2010; r = 0,65 ± 0,06 in 2011).
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ОЦЕНКА КОМБИНАЦИОННОЙ СПОСОБНОСТИ СТЕРИЛЬНЫХ И ФЕРТИЛЬНЫХ ЛИНИЙ ДЕТЕРМИНАНТНОГО ТОМАТА С ГЕНАМИ УСТОЙЧИВОСТИ (I, УБ> М) ПО ТОВАРНОЙ РАННЕЙ И ОБЩЕЙ ПРОДУКТИВНОСТИ
Г.Ф. Монахос, Динь Суан Ту (РГАУ-МСХА)
Аннотация: представлены результаты оценки общей и специфической комбинационной способности материнских стерильных (функциональная мужская стерильность типа Врбычанский низкий) линий (8-и в 2010 г. и 10-и в 2011 г.) детерминантного томата с групповой устойчивостью к трем наиболее вредоносным заболеваниям (фузариоз, вертициллез и южная нематода) и фертильных отцовских линий (10-и в 2010 г. и 17-и в 2011 г.). Оценка была проведена в системе скрещивания двух разных групп генотипов. В 2010 г. изучено 80 Е1 гибридов, в 2011 г. 170 Е1 гибридов и 6 стандартов. Показано высокое проявление гетерозисного эффекта по ранней и общей продуктивности в сравнении с родительскими формами и лучшими стандартами. Гибридизация стерильных и фертильных линий детерминантого томата позволяет получить Е1 гибриды, значительно превосходящие по общей продуктивности товарных плодов наиболее урожайные стандартные гибриды Е1 Семко 18, Е1 Катя. Это комбинации Си 1-31 х Биф кр, Си 1-36 х Прима 1-4, Си 1-36 х Санрайз 1-32, Си 1-31 х х Са 1-3643 гт, Си 1-31 х Прима 1-4, Сф04(19) х Биф кр, Си 1-33 х Гектор 1-6, Сф04(20) х х 01-15, Си 1-36 х Ольга 1-1. При селекции на раннюю продуктивность предложено использовать стерильные линии Си 1-33, Си 1-36, Сф04(19) и Сф04(20), и фертильные линии 01-15, РСКТ 1-381, обладающие высокой ОК по этому признаку. Выявлена высокая корреляция между ранней продуктивностью отцовских линий и их ОКС (0,92 ± 0,14 в 2010 г., 0,88 ± 0,12 в 2011 г.). В оба года наблюдалась средняя положительная корреляция между ранней и общей продуктивностью (0,64 ± 0,09 в 2010 г., 0,65 ± 0,06 в 2011 г.). Выделены ире-
комендованы для использования в селекции высоко урожайных Г1 гибридов стерильные линии Си 1-31, Си 1-33, Си 1-36, Сф04(19) и Сф04(20), и фертильные линии Прима 1-4 и Биф кр, обладающие высокой ОКС по общей продуктивности товарных плодов. Высокий гетерозисный эффект по ранней продуктивности обусловлен сочетанием высокой ОКСродителских линий, а высокий гетерозисный эффект по общей продуктивности товарных плодов - высокой ОКС родительских линий или высокой ОКС одного из родителей в сочетании с высокой СКС.
Ключевые слова: линии, гибрид, ОКС, СКС, томат, продуктивность.
Монахос Григорий Федорович - к. с.-х. н., директор Селекционной станции имени Н.Н. Тимофеева (127550, г. Москва, ул. Пасечная, 5, тел.: 8(903)-615-18-91, e-mail: breedst@mail.ru).
Динь Суан Ту - аспирант кафедры селекции и семеноводства садовых культур РГАУ-МСХА имени К.А. Тимирязева (127550, г. Москва, ул. Прянишникова, 37, e-mail: dinhxt@gmail.com).
Dr. Grigory Fedorovich Monakhos - Ph.D. in Agricultural Sciences, Director of the Breeding Station named after N.N. Timofeev (ul. Pasechnaya, 5, Moscow 127550 Russian Federation; phone +7(903)615-1891; e-mail: breedst@mail.ru).
Dinh Xuan Tu - postgraduate student, Dept. of Breeding and Seed Growing, Russian State Agrarian University named after K.A. Timiryazev (ul. Pryanishnikova, 37, Moscow 127550, Russian Federation, e-mail: dinhxt@gmail.com)
