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Section 4. Technical sciences
https://doi.org/10.29013/AJT-21-1.2-31-34
Akhmedov Azimjon Normuminovich, Doctor of Technical Sciences, Acting Professor of the Department of Food Technology of Products of the Karshi Engineering and Economic Institute,
Uzbekistan, Karshi E-mail: a.ahmedov80@mail.ru Khaydarova Iroda Baxtiyor qizi, Master's student at Karshi Engineering and Economic Institute, Uzbekistan Giyasov Javlonbek Shavkatovich, Researcher of the Karshi Engineering and Economic Institute, Karshi
ESTIMATION OF THE INFLUENCE OF A CLAYED ADSORBENT MODIFIED BY CARBAMIDE ON THE INDICATORS OF GRANULATED CESSE BASED FROM LOW-SORTED SEEDS OF COTTON
Abstract. This scientific article is devoted to the effect of urea-modified clay adsorbents on the quality of oilcake. Studies have shown that pre-clarification of oils from low-grade cotton seeds using carbamide-modified clay adsorbents (CMCA) does not reduce the quality of processed fuse oil and granular cake. On the contrary, this makes it possible to enrich the granules of oilcake and, ultimately, meal, mineral elements necessary for animal nutrition, triacylglycerides, provitamins (carationides, tocopherols) A and E.
Keywords:
Introduction: In recent years, the number of low-grade seeds coming to cotton processing enterprises has amounted to 25-30% [1, P. 6]. Therefore, the specific gravity of refined oils taking into account the quality of seeds and violations of technological conditions increased to 40-50% of the total volume of processed unrefined cottonseed oils [1, P. 13, 2; p. 23-26, 3; p. 16-20].
In order to pre-clarify the press oil obtained from low-grade (III-IV grades) cotton seeds, we previously proposed introducing a clay urea-modified adsorbent into the composition of crude oil, which sorb the dark-colored pigments of gossypol, chlorophyll and their derivatives.
This, without any changes in the production line for primary cleaning of press oil, allows this
technology to be implemented and to improve the quality, in particular, the color of crude oil. In the direction of the press oil, the spent adsorbent settles at the bottom of the rotating augers and fusatank [4; p. 67-68]. From the latter, solid particles in the form of a fuse, i.e. return goods sent to the first vat of the frypot for mixing with peppermint. The resulting mixture after moisture-heat treatment is phased into the second, from the second to the third, from the third to the fourth, from the fourth to the fifth and from the fifth to the sixth tub, which is connected to the loading part of the pellet mill. Thus, the spent clay adsorbent modified with urea after press passes into the composition of the granulated cake, which is sent to the extraction of oil from it. Given this situation, we investigated the effect of a urea-modified clay adsorbent on the performance of granular oilcake obtained from low-grade cotton seeds
Materials and methods. The article uses modern methods of chemical, physico-chemical and other analyzes with the processing of the results by statistical methods [5, P. 23].
The analyzes of cotton cake were carried out according to the method described in the "Guide to research methods, technological control and accounting of production in the oil and fat industry" [6, p. 101-135; 3, p. 201-215].
- the oil content in the processed materials was determined by exhaustive extraction in the apparatus Zaichenko and Naaba [5, p. 115-129];
- the moisture content of oil-containing materials was analyzed by the gravimetric method [7, p. 1-20];
- the total and internal porosity of the materials was determined by standard methods on an Italian mercury porosimeter (Model-200) of the Carlo Etrostrumentazion company.
To assess the porosity and quantitative characteristics of the pore structure, the method of mercury porosimetry was used, the main advantage of which is the absolute inertness of mercury with respect to the components of oilseeds. In addition, this method allows one to determine almost even the largest
pores; only pores with sizes less than 37 remain unreached.
A mercury porosimetric installation consists ofthe following units: a pressure generating system for introducing mercury into the pores and a system for measuring the volume of mercury pressed into the pores.
The weighted sample is placed in a special cell - a dilotometer containing a glass capillary tube. To fill the cell with mercury, it is placed in a special autoclave, preliminary evacuation removes air from the dilotometer and pores of the sample, then mercury is introduced into the evacuated system. The change in mercury levels with increasing pressure is quantified using an electronic system. An increase in pressure is noted on the mercury pressure gauge.
All analysis takes place automatically.
A pressure porosimeter measures the movement of a column of mercury under pressure.
- the bulk weight of bulk materials was calculated by the formula:
" (1)
P =
G
V
Where: G - is the weight of the material in a given volume, kg;
V - is the volume occupied by the material, m3.
The porosity of the particle layer was determined by the formula:
E = 1 -PH; (2)
Pt
Where: pH - bulk density of bulk material, kg/m3;
pt - is the density of its solid fraction, kg/m3.
In recent years, due to the expansion of the types of press granulators with different capacities, the problem has arisen of determining the optimal diameter and length of the extractable cake pellet. So, for example, the diameter of the granules on the G-24 press granulator was maintained within 10-12 mm, and the length was 14-17 mm. For more productive press granulators such as R3MOA with a capacity of 300 tons of cake per day, such sizes are unacceptable, because they dramatically reduce the performance of these units. With this in mind, we studied the possibility of changing the diameter and length of the cake
pellets, taking into account the variety of processed Results. The results of the analysis of such grancotton seeds. ules of cake obtained in the JSC "Koson oil-extraction" are presented in (table 1).
Table 1.- The effect of a carbamide-modified clay adsorbent on the performance of granular oilcake obtained from low-grade cotton seeds
Indicators of cotton cake obtained from:
I-II grades in the content: III-] V grades in the content:
Name indicators with the with the with the with the
cake regular addition of addition of regular addition of addition of
fuze 5% CMCA fuse CMCA fuse fuze 5% CMCA fuse CMCA fuse
5% 7.5% 5% 7.5%
Oil content,% 17.6 17.2 16.8 21.5 21.1 20.7
Pudding,% 15.2 14.5 14.1 22.1 21.8 21.3
Humidity% 6.9 6.5 6.1 7.9 7.2 6.8
Porosity, cm3/g 0.019 0.016 0.013 0.022 0.017 0.010
To assess the role of the clay urea-modified ad- shop of Koson og-extraction JSC. The results are sorbent on the performance of the cake pellets ob- presented in (table 2). tained, we conducted certain studies in the press
Table 2.- Effect of a carbamide-modified clay adsorbent on the dispersion of granular oilcake obtained from ordinary and low-grade cotton seeds
Name indicators cake Indicators of cotton cake obtained from:
I-II grades in the content: III-IV grades in the content:
regular fuze 5% with the addition of CMCA fuse 5% with the addition of CMCA fuse 7.5% regular fuze 5% with the addition of CMCA fuse 5% with the addition of CMCA fuse 7.5%
Pass through a 1mm sieve,% 6.1 8.3 9.6 10.2 12.5 13.9
Granule size mm 12.7 11.5 10.6 14.4 14.0 13.6
Humidity% 6.9 6.5 6.1 7.9 7.2 6.8
Oil content,% 17.6 17.2 16.8 21.5 21.1 20.7
Discussion and Conclusion. Clay adsorbent modified with urea, of course, having entered the structure of the obtained granules, affects their mechanical strength and dispersibility. From the table.1 it is seen that strong grinding of granules before extraction is undesirable, since impenetrable layers of oilcake can form in the extractors, which do not allow obtaining meal with a residual oil content of less than 1.0%. In addition, strong grinding of the cake contributes to the deterioration of the filterability of miscella on disk filters.
From (table 2) it can be seen that with the addition of 5-7.5% of the mass of the fuse with CMCA, the passage through a 1 mm sieve changes from 8.3 to 9.6% when processing I-II varieties of cotton seeds, and for III-IV varieties this the indicator varies from 12.5 to 13.9%. Moreover, when 5% of the usual fuse is added to the mint from the I-II variety of cotton seeds, the passage through the 1 mm sieve is equal to 6.1%, and for III-IV varieties - 10.2%. With an increase in the amount of CMCA introduced, the granule size for a mixture of I-II varieties of cotton
seeds decreases from 11.5 to 10.6 mm, and for a mixture of III-IV varieties from 14.0 to 13.6 mm.
At the same time, adding ordinary fusa to the peppermint makes it possible to obtain cake granules from I-II varieties of cotton seeds 12.7 mm, and from III-IV varieties - 14.4 mm. This can be explained by the fact that the addition of CMCA positively affects the dispersibility of the obtained pellets of cake from a mixture of I-II varieties and from a mixture of III-IV varieties of cotton seeds.
It should be noted here that cake and meal containing clay urea modified adsorbent according to
the requirements of animal husbandry, poultry farming and fish farming are not harmful substances and therefore can be used for feeding them in certain doses. Thus, this study allows us to argue that the use of a clay-modified adsorbent modified with urea does not reduce the quality of the obtained pellets of cake from various varieties of cotton seeds. On the contrary, this makes it possible to enrich the granules of oilcake and, ultimately, meal, mineral elements necessary for animal nutrition, triacylglycerides, provitamins (carationides, tocopherols) A and E.
References:
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3. Akhmedov A. N., Abdurahimov S. A. Improvement of the technology of alkaline refining of press oil obtained from low-grade cotton seeds. Universum: Engineering Science. Issue: 3(72) Part 2. March, 2020.- Moscow.- P. 16-20.
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