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12ESTABLISHMENT OF OPTIMAL TERMS AND METHODS FOR GROWING SEED FRUITS OF THE NEW LINE LH-1916 SQUASH
Shakhnoza Rakhmanovna Aripova
Research Institute of Vegetable, melon crops and potato, junior researcher
Anabibi Shokirovna Egamberganova
Institute of Zoology of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, scientific researcher
ABSTRACT
The article presents the results of studies of a comparative assessment of the cultivation of seed fruits of marrow by seedling and direct sowing methods at various dates of planting and planting in the conditions of the Tashkent region. Researchs size-mass characteristics of fruits of the new line LH-1916 squash to determine the timing and methods of growing at the output and quality indicators of seeds of fruits and seeds.
Keywords: squash, line LH-1916, growing method, sowing time, planting time, seedlings, seeds, fruit weight, size-mass characteristics, seed fruit.
Squash refers to the early maturing form of a hard-barked pumpkin. The advantage of zucchini over other pumpkin crops is their high yield and nutritional value. There are climbing and bush forms. In the CIS, two types of squash are ubiquitous: short-growing and climbing. The first forms a bush with short branches, the second has no branches (side shoots). Plants of this type are more productive, keep a compact bush until the end of the growing season, which facilitates the processing of the field [1, 2].
Squash and zucchini varieties are early ripening vegetables with an attractive appearance. Due to its short growing time, this crop can be grown in Uzbekistan in spring and re-culture in a seedling and direct sowing way.
Squash usually bears fruit, ready to harvest 40-50 days after sowing. The fruit should be harvested in an immature stage when the flesh and skin are soft and juicy. Squash fruits grow quickly, so you need to harvest every day or every other day. The use of seeds with high physiological, physical, sanitary and genetic quality is a priority factor for achieving profitable vegetable production. The widespread use of hybrid seeds has led growers to demand high quality seeds as these seeds are more expensive than open-pollinated seeds. On the other hand, it is necessary to take into account some factors that would improve the yield and quality of seeds grown under the conditions of the republic, and it became possible to sell domestic seeds on the market at affordable prices [3].
Materials and methods. Studies to identify the methods and the optimal time for growing a new line of squash LH-1916 for seed purposes were carried out in 2016 and 2019 at the experimental site of the Research Institute of Vegetable, melon crops and
potato. The institute is located in the Tashkent district of the Tashkent region. The climate of the region is similar to that of most vegetable farms located in the flat central part of Uzbekistan.
The experiment was carried out with a promising squash line LH -1916. 4 spring terms of sowing and planting seedlings were tested: April 1-3, April 10-12, April 20-21 and April 30 - 1 May. Sowing seeds in greenhouses was carried out in the third decade of February, I-II - ten days of March, and I - ten days of April, according to the test dates for planting seedlings in open ground. Two-row plots, 10 m long, layout (140+70)/2x50 cm. The area of the accounting plot is 21,0 m . On each plot, 40 plants were placed, the experiment was repeated 4 times.
Results and discussion. After harvesting, the seeds were placed in boxes for indoor ripening. After ripening, measurements of the size and mass characteristics of the fruits were carried out (table 1). when studying the characteristics, the length of the fruit, the width (diameter), the thickness of the pulp and the weight of the fruit were determined. Fruits were measured with a ruler and caliper with an accuracy of 1 mm, then weighed on a balance with an accuracy of 10 g.
The calendar dates for collecting seed fruits of the last dates of planting seedlings coincided with the dates for harvesting seed fruits of the 1st and 2nd seed sowing dates. Therefore, the average weight of the seed fruit in the plants of the squash line at the first and second seeding terms was the highest. After harvesting the fruits, the testes were ripened for 10-12 days. Then the seeds were extracted from the fruits and dried in the open air. The carried out counts to determine the mass of seed fruits in the lines of squash LH-1916 showed that with the postponement of the planting date when growing by seedlings, the mass of the seed fruit increased. The average fruit weight varied from 1352 to 1410 g. The calendar dates for harvesting seed fruits of the last dates of planting seedlings coincided with the dates for harvesting seed fruits of the 1st and 2nd seed sowing dates.
Therefore, the average weight of the seed fruit in plants of the line at the first and second seeding terms were the largest. When grown in a direct sowing way, at 10-12.04, the largest weight was 1406,7 g, the smallest - at a sowing date of 20- 21.04 - 1355,0 g. When sowing with seeds, the growing season lengthens, and at the last dates of sowing during the period of pollination and fertilization, the temperature rises, in this regard, the fruits are formed with a lower weight. The tested line was measured (length, width, pulp thickness) of the seed fruits and the fruit index was determined. When measuring (in longitudinal and cross-section) the seed fruits of the LH-1916 line, it was found that with the seedling method, the lines along the length of seed fruits within the growing period had a slight difference, i.e. the difference between them was 1,0-1,9 cm. In terms of the diameter of the seed fruits in the cross section, the widest were the fruits grown at the time of 30.04-1.05 by seedlings (9,7 cm), and the narrowest at the time of 1-3.04
(8,5 cm). With the planting dates of 10-12.04 and 20-21.04, the width of the seed fruits was from 8,5 to 8,9 cm. In the thickness of the pulp, the seed fruits from all growing periods had a slight difference, i.e. this difference ranged from 2,2 to 2,4 cm. With the direct sowing cultivation method, the measurements of the parameters of the seed fruits of the squash line LH-1916 showed that the fruits obtained from the sowing date 1-3.04 (35,2 cm) were longer, and with the postponement of the sowing dates, the fruits were formed shorter compared to the previous sowing dates (32,2-33,2 cm).
In terms of the diameter of seed fruits, the widest were the fruits grown at a period of 1-3.04 by a direct sowing method (9,8 cm) and the narrowest at a period of 10-12.04 (9,0 cm). With the planting dates of 20-21.04 and 30.04-1.05., the width of the seed fruits was 9,7 cm. The thickness of the fruit pulp ranged from 2,3 to 2,4 cm. According to the results of measurements of the fruit in longitudinal and cross-sections, it was found that the length and width of seed fruits with seedling and direct sowing methods did not differ significantly from each other, but the thickness of the flesh when the seedling method was greater in seed fruits compared to direct sowing methods.
In the studied squash line, the seed yield from one fruit in grams and percentage did not depend on the average weight of the seed fruit. Apparently, these indicators were influenced by an increase in daily temperatures and a decrease in the relative humidity of the air with a postponement of the sowing and planting dates, at which the intensity of pollination and fertilization of the squash decreased. It can also be assumed that this is a varietal trait of the studied line.
With the seedless cultivation method in the squash line LH-1916, when determining the mass of seed fruits, it was found that the planting time influenced this indicator. The weight of the seed fruit at the sowing dates of 10-12.04 and 20- 21.04 had the highest value in 1419,5 - 1428,0 g, then the sowing date was 30.04 -1.05 (1378,8 g), and the smallest indicator was when growing seed fruits 1-3.04 (1358,9 g.).
According to the seed yield from one fruit (in grams), the sowing time of 1- 3.04 was the best (22,0 g), the sowing time of 10-12.04 - 20,4 g, when sowing seeds on 2021.04 and 30.04-1.05., the mass of seeds from 1 fruit was almost the same (21,0-21,5 g).
In terms of the number of seeds isolated from 1 fruit, the sowing time of 1- 3.04 was the leader in the LH-1916 line (205 pieces); with a sowing date of 30.04-1.05. the number of seeds from 1 fruit was the smallest: 197 pieces. Sowing dates of marrow seeds 10-12.04 and 20-21.04 had an intermediate position between the first and last dates, which amounted to 198-201 pcs.
In line LH-1916, the seed yield from the fruit did not depend on the average weight of the fruit. The seed yield in grams varied for the best options from 22,4- 23,8 g. With the direct sowing cultivation method, this line, when sowing with seeds on April 1-3, the seed yield in grams was 22,0 g, the number of seeds in the fruit was 204,0 pieces, while at the rest of the seed sowing times, the fluctuations of these indicators
SCIENTIFIC PROGRESS VOLUME 2 I ISSUE 4 I 2021
ISSN: 2181-1601
between the experimental variants were insignificant. In the studies carried out, it was found that when growing seed fruits of squash, the timing of cultivation had a certain effect on the seed yield in percent. The LH-1916 line had the best percentages of seed yield when grown by seedlings on April 1-3 and 10-12. With direct sowing of seeds, the best sowing time was April 1-3.
In the first decade of April, the most favorable conditions of temperature and relative humidity are established in the Tashkent region, under which pollination and fertilization are the best.
Conclusions. Under the conditions of the Tashkent region of Uzbekistan, the highest yield of seeds from fruits in the LH-1916 line was established when growing marrow by the seedling method in the first decade of April (April 1-3 and 10-12), and with a direct sowing culture - when sowing seeds on April 1-3, which is associated with the most favorable temperature conditions for the culture of squash.
REFERENCES
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2. Pavlov LV, Paraskova OT, Kondratieva I.Yu., et al. Current trends in the selection and seed production of vegetable crops. Traditions and perspectives. II International Scientific and Practical Conference. Moscow: VNIISSOK Publishing House, 2010. p. 429-431, 433-434.
3. Pivovarov V.F., Dobrutskaya E.G. The role of the natural potential of southern Uzbekistan in the implementation of the methodology of the XXI century - ecological selection of vegetable crops // Main directions and prospects of selection and seed production of vegetables, melons and potatoes: Abstracts of the international scientific-practical conference on July 2-5, 2001. p. 8-13.
