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HUMAN PHYTOREHABILITA TION
UDC 547.913:634.334: 331.103.2:599.89
ESSENTIAL OIL OF NEPETA CATARIA AND ITS EFFECT ON PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGICAL STATE OF ELDERLY PEOPLE BREATHING IT IN
LOW CONCENTRATION
Valentina Valerievna Tonkovtseva, Timur Rustemovich Bekmambetov, Nadezhda Nikolayevna Bakova, Aleksandr Mikhailovich Yarosh
Nikita Botanical Gardens - National Scientific Centre 298648, Republic of the Crimea, the city of Yalta, urban vil. Nikita
valyalta@rambler.ru
Introduction
Essential oil (EO) of Nepeta cataría L. is well-known as an aphrodisiac first of all [7]. It was revealed as a spasmolytic preparation as well [6]. Being concentrated in the air of 1 mg/m3 it reduces personal anxiety, improves general condition, mood, work capacity, vivacity and attentiveness [5].
Important task is to minimize body burden during aromatherapy due to reduction of the EO concentration in the air. It particularly concerns elderly people. But at the same time aromatherapy effect is impossible to the full.
Research objective is to investigate Nepeta cataría L. EO effect breathing it in low concentration on some functions of human central nervous system and cardiovascular system to find out if it does for aromatherapy.
Objects and methods
Researches were carried out in a group of 20 people, mainly women aged at 50-80 years old. The same by composition and number group was used as a control variant. Tested people of a control group were in rest listening to psychorelaxing record for 20 minutes. Experimental group were placed in the same room during the same time listening the same psychorelaxing record but breathing evaporated EO of Nepeta cataría L. till the final concentration in the air of 0,1 mg/m . Tests were conducted before and after procedures.
To assess procedure effect on cardiovascular system we measured heart rate (HR), systolic (BPS) and diastolic (BPD) blood pressure (BP).
Correction task, WAM test (well-being, activity, mood) and scale of anxiety and depression were applied to rate EO effect on nervous system [1,3,4].
Results were processed statistically due to paired test t-criterion by Student [2].
Results and discussion
According to parameters of WAM test experimental and control groups didn't have any reliable difference initially (table 1).
After psychorelaxation session (control) psychoemotional condition of tested people held on the same level.
After aromapsychorelaxation session (experiment) reliable differences weren't registered as well. Otherwise, aroma session with Nepeta cataría L. EO didn't influence on psychoemotional condition of tested people.
Table 1
Effect of Nepeta cataria L. EO on psychoemotional condition of tested people (Parameter of WAM-test, standard units)
Parameter Experimental group initially Control group initially Experim.group after test Control after test
General condition 157,40 ±3,85 155,90 ±7,69 156,70 ±6,14 163,30 ±5,55
Well-being 158,30 ±4,10 160,45 ±6,57 157,70 ±5,84 163,40 ±5,36
Mood 158,05 ±4,19 158,60 ±6,23 159,65 ±5,49 162,95 ±5,81
Weakness - capacity to work 155,60 ±4,33 151,90 ±8,03 155,75 ±6,18 158,25 ±5,69
Tension - relaxation 146,75 ±5,87 151,90 ±6,96 149,85 ±6,42 156,15 ±5,08
Inertness -vivacity 155,85 ±4,59 153,85 ±7,47 153,75 ±7,00 160,85 ±5,77
Absend-mindedness -attentiveness 140,25 ±8,56 142,25 ±8,71 139,75 ±8,05 149,05 ±7,38
Psychoemotional condition of tested people from both groups (experimental and control) according to scale of anxiety and depression didn't present any reliable differences (table 2).
Session of psychorelaxation didn't reveal any reliable variations of test parameters in control group.
At the same time session of aroma psychorelaxation also didn't cause any reliable changes of test parameters in experimental group as well.
Table 2
Effect of Nepeta cataria L. EO on psychoemotional condition of tested people (by scale of anxiety and depression, standard units)
Scale Experimental group initially Control group initially Experim.group after test Control after test
Anxiety, standard units 7,30±0,92 7,20±1,01 7,30±0,84 6,50±1,14
Depression, standard units 7,75±0,79 7,70±1,02 7,50±0,58 7,64±0,98
Rating of procedure effect on mental capacity by correction task (literal variant) found initial difference between parameters of control and experimental groups unreliable (table 3).
After psychorelaxation control group didn't show reliable changes of test parameters. While after aroma psychorelaxation in experimental group pace of work had reliable variations during the second minute of the test. At the same time a number of mistakes decreased reliably during both minutes of this test.
Table 3
Effect of Nepeta cataria L. EO on mental capacity (by parameters of correction task)
Parameter Group Initially After test P b/a<
Tempo 1,symbol/min Control 228,50±16,41 230,95±16,47
Experiment 235,40±15,44 240,15±18,32
Mistakes 1, symbols control 1,15±0,41 0,95±0,32
experiment 1,70±0,37 0,76±0,19 0,01
Tempo 2, symbol/min control 213,00±17,74 226,05±17,06
experiment 202,60±12,77 244,85±18,73 0,005
Mistakes 2,symbols control 1,45±0,58 1,29±0,48
experiment 1,85±0,44 0,70±0,24 0,01
Initially (before test) reliable differences between values of BP and HR in both groups (control and experiment) weren't registered (table 4). At the same time either experimental or control group presented normal average value of BPS, BPD - optimum by JNC6, HR were normal as well.
After session of psychorelaxation parameters of BP and HR in control group didn't differ from initial data. But in experimental group session of aromarelaxation caused reliable reduction of BPS and HR.
Table 4
Relaxation effect on BP and HR using Nepeta cataria L. EO
Group Experimental group initially Control group initially Experimental group after test Po b/a< Control group after test
BPS, mm of 123,60 120,80 115,75 0,002 119,41
mercury ±3,45 ±3,90 ±2,69 ±3,88
BPD, mm of 78,05 77,75 76,80 76,70
mercury ±1,88 ±1,86 ±1,73 ±2,09
HR, 72,05 70,85 68,25 0,0008 70,40
hearbeat/min ±1,94 ±1,36 ±1,64 ±1,38
Therefore Nepeta cataria L. EO breating it in low concentration didn't have any effect on psychoemotional condition of tested people. Though it stimulated mental capacity (reliable increasing of work rate during the second minute of the test). Moreover its accuracy level went up.
Consequently the principal result of Nepeta cataria L. EO effect on human higher nervous activity is stimulation of mental capacity. Light hypotensive and bradicardial influence of Nepeta cataria L. EO is considered as a positive property for its practical appliance, especially in work with people suffered from hypertension.
Pointed positive changes were registered in case of very low Nepeta cataria L. EO concentration in the air, that is 0,1 mg/m3.
Conclusions
1. Nepeta cataria L. EO didn't effect on psychoemotional condition of tested people breathing it in concentration 0,1 mg/m3.
2. During correctional task Nepeta cataria L. EO presented a light stimulative effect on mental capacity and increased its accuracy in the same concentration.
3. Nepeta cataria L. EO in concentration 0,1 mg/m possesses light hypotensive and bradicardial effect.
References
1. Karvasarsky B.D. Klinicheskaya psykhologiya. Uchebnik dlya vuzov. - SPb.: Izdatelstvo "Pyter", 2004. - 553 s.
2. Lakin G.F. Biometriya. - M.: Izd-vo "Vyshaya shkola", 1989. - 291 s.
3. Osnovy psykhologii: Praktikum / Red.-sost. L.D. Stolyarenko. - Rostov-na-Donu: Feniks, 2002. - 704 s.
4. Praktikum po psykhologii. / Pod red. A.N. Leontyeva, B. Hyppenreiter. - Izd. Mosk. Un-ta, 1972. - 248 s.
5. Tonkovtseva V.V., Yarosh A.M. Vliyaniye na nervnuyu systemu cheloveka kursovogo vozdeistviya efirnym maslom kotovnika koshachyeva // Tavrichesky medico-biologichesky vestnik. - 2012. - T.15. - № 1(57). - S. 321-327.
6. Anwar H., Gilani A.H., Abdul J., Shah F.J., Zubair A., Khalid S., Kiani J., Amir A., RasheedM., Viqar U. Ahmad V.U. Chemical composition and mechanisms underlying the spasmolytic and bronchodilatory properties of the essential oil of Nepeta cataria L. // Journal of Ethnopharmacology. - 2009.- Volume 121.- Issue 3. - P. 405-411
7. Bernardi M.M., Thiago Berti Kirsten T.B., Joao Henrique Ghilardi Lago J.H.G., Tatiana Marisis Giovani T.M., de Oliveira Massoco C. Nepeta cataria L. var. citriodora (Becker) increases penile erection in rats // Journal of Ethnopharmacology. - 2011. - Volume 137, Issue 3, - P. 1318-1322.
The article was received at editors 13.10.2015
Tonkovtseva V.V., Bekmambetov T.R., Bakova N.N., Yarosh A.M. Essential oil of Nepeta Cataria and its effect on psychophysiological state of elderly people breathing it in low concentration // Bull. of the
State Nikit. Botan. Gard. - 2015. - № 116. - P. 66-69.
Essential oil (EO) of Nepeta Cataria didn't make any effect on psychoemotional state of tested people. In a test proof the EO stimulated mental capacity and improved its accuracy a bit. EO of Nepeta Cataria possesses some hypotensive and bradycardial effect.
Key words: essential oil; aroma session; aromatherapy; Nepeta Cataria; psychorelaxing record; mental capacity; psychoemotional state
UDC 547.913:634.334:331.103.2:599.89
ESSENTIAL OIL OF SALVIA SCLAREA AND ITS EFFECT ON PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGICAL STATE OF ELDERLY PEOPLE BREATHING IT IN
LOW CONCENTRATION
Yelena Stanislavovna Koval, Valentina Valeriyevna Tonkovtseva, Timur Rustemovich Bekmambetov, Aleksandr Mykhailovich Yarosh
Nikita Botanical Gardens - National Scientific Centre 298648, Republic of the Crimea, the city of Yalta, urban village Nikita
valyalta@rambler.ru
Introduction
Essential oil of Salvia sclarea L. is quite popular in aromatherapy [6]. It was found as an antidepressant [8], stress-limiting [9] and hypotensive remedy [5]. Salvia sclarea L. composition is rather close to Lavandula angustifolia: its main components are linalil acetate, linalool, geranyl acetate and terpineol [7]. To minimize body burden in terms of aromatherapy is an important task. It's possible due to reduction of EO content in the air. It
