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HUMAN PHYTOREHABILITA TION
UDK 547.913:634.334:331.103.2:599.89
ESSENTIAL OIL OF EUCALYPTUS AND ITS EFFECT ON PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGICAL STATE OF PEOPLE BREATHING IT IN DIFFERENT
CONCENTRATION DURING EXERCISE
Timur Rustemovich Bekmambetov1, Valentina Valeriyevna Tonkovtseva1, Natalia Ivanovna Litvinchuk2, Aleksandr Mikhailovich Yarosh1
Nikita Botanical Gardens - National Scientific Centre 298648, Republic of the Crimea, the city of Yalta, urb.vil. Nikita [email protected] Dance school "Ariadna", Simferopol [email protected]
Introduction
Essential oil (EO) of Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus globulus, Eucalyptus cinerea,, Eucalyptus viminalis) is mainly used as antiseptic and anti-inflammatory remedy [4]. But at the same time it affects on nervous system as well [5]. It was demonstrated that breathing eucalyptus EO of 1 mg/m during rest time, it improves psychoemotional state and has a hypotensive and bradicardial effect [3].
Objective of this work is to investigate effect of eucalyptus EO being in different concentrations on some functions of human central nervous system and cardiovascular system during exercise.
Objects and methods
A group of 20 women aged by 20-50 was involved into this study. Control one was similar group by composition and size. 90-minute exercise at eastern dances was chosen as a physical load. In a control group the exercise was held without extra effects. People of experimental group could breath Eucalyptus EO of the following concentrations: 0,5; 1,0 or 2,0 mg/m3.
WAM (well-being, activity, mood) test was to assess EO effect on nervous system [1, 2], for cardiovascular system we measures heart rate (HR), systolic (BPS) and diastolic (BPD) blood pressure.
Nervous system parameters were tested before and after exercise, cardiovascular system - before and after exercise and 15 minutes later.
Findings were processed statistically applying t-criterion by Student for associated and independent sampling.
Results and discussion
According to parameter of WAM test initially experimental group, having done exercise under influence of Eucalyptus EO, 2,0 mg/m , and control group didn't have any reliable differences (table 1).
After exercise without extra effect of Eucalyptus EO (control group) there was a reliable improvement of general condition, mood and rise of vivacity . That is dance session demonstrates euphoric effect.
Atmosphere concentrated with eucalyptus EO provoked reliable increasing of the most study parameters, besides vivacity and attentiveness. These both parameters had a
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tendency to improve. On the whole dance session held with Eucalyptus EO, 2,0 mg/m , resulted improvement of psychoemotional state of tested people like it was in a control group.
Table 1
Effect of Eucalyptus EO, 2,0 mg/m3, on psychoemotional state of tested people (test WAM parameters, standard units)
Parameter Experimental group initially Control group initially Experimental group after procedure Pex b/a< Control group after procedure Pc b/a<
General condition 148,60 ±4,27 144,75 ±7,85 162,40 ±4,61 0,003 153,30 ±5,94 0,02
Well-being 147,15 ±6,64 142,65 ±8,83 161,60 ±4,50 0,04 152,35 ±7,02 0,05
Mood 144,30 ±6,71 150,45 ±6,76 172,40 ±5,14 0,000002 160,95 ±4,79 0,003
Weakness - capacity to work 134,65 ±6,42 140,10 ±8,02 150,75 ±5,96 0,02 141,35 ±6,51 0,84
Tension - relaxation 142,30 ±5,69 134,30 ±4,89 154,70 ±4,97 0,03 143,45 ±6,59 0,20
Inertness -vivacity 133,85 ±6,19 128,70 ±8,01 147,80 ±5,89 0,06 145,05 ±6,62 0,01
Absent-mindedness -attentiveness 133,05 ±5,40 129,70 ±7,91 144,10 ±5,09 0,07 139,80 ±5,18 0,11
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Experimental group, being under effect of eucalyptus EO, 1,0mg/m and control group didn't have any reliable differences (table 2).
Table 2
Effect of Eucalyptus EO, 1,0 mg/m3, on psychoemotional state of tested people (test WAM parameters, standard units)
Parameter Experimental group initially Control group initially Experimental group after procedure Pex b/a< Control group after procedure Pc b/a< Pex/c after<
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
General condition 150,65 ±7,11 157,30 ±5,16 176,84 ±4,94 0,0001 162,65 ±5,13 0,02 0,1
Well-being 155,40 ±8,87 157,50 ±4,93 183,93 ±5,60 0,0007 164,85 ±4,54 0,01 0,05
Mood 161,60 ±5,85 166,35 ±4,37 185,37 ±3,71 0,00002 169,95 ±3,37 0,003 0,01
Weakness -capacity to work 149,70 ±10,51 151,80 ±5,87 182,65 ±5,91 0,0005 152,75 ±5,74 0,37 0,01
Tension -relaxation 136,00 ±5,70 132,00 ±5,10 152,85 ±5,18 0,0001 149,70 ±6,25 0,09
Inertness -vivacity 137,50 ±11,41 141,05 ±6,67 175,71 ±7,63 0,0002 155,50 ±4,55 0,004 0,05
Absent-mindedness -attentiveness 142,50 ±9,11 144,30 ±5,65 172,86 ±6,74 0,0007 144,80 ±4,14 0,05 0,01
After exercise without essential oil (control group) reliable rise of general condition, well-being, mood, vivacity and attentiveness was registered. Tension tended to decrease.
After dance session held in a room concentrated with Eucalyptus EO (experiment group), 1,0 mg/m3 there was a pronounced improvement of all study parameters: general
condition, well-being, mood, capacity to work, vivacity, attentiveness, tension. In this case finite value of well-being, mood, capacity to work, vivacity, attentiveness in experimental group was higher than in control group; general condition kept the tendency of increasing.
Otherwise dance session held in the room concentrated with Eucalyptus EO, 1,0 mg/m3 resulted pronounced and much more emphasized improvement of human psychoemotional state in comparison with control group.
Investigating effect of Eucalyptus EO of 0,5 mg/m3 according to WAM test, both groups didn't have any reliable differences (table 3).
Table 3
Effect of Eucalyptus EO, 0,5 mg/m3, on psychoemotional state of tested people (test WAM parameters, standard units)
Parameter Experimental group initially Control group initially Experimental group after procedure Pex b/a< Control group after procedure Pc b/a<
General condition 154,25 157,30 161,55 0,01 162,65 0,12
±5,93 ±5,16 ±6,19 ±5,13
Well-being 154,80 157,50 163,70 0,001 164,85 0,02
±5,66 ±4,93 ±5,46 ±4,54
Mood 160,25 166,35 169,10 0,0003 169,95 0,13
±6,06 ±4,37 ±5,86 ±3,37
Weakness -capacity to 146,15 151,80 149,95 0,47 152,75 0,91
work ±5,90 ±5,87 ±4,73 ±5,74
tension - relaxation 138,45 132,00 156,10 0,002 149,70 0,04
±4,48 ±5,10 ±5,89 ±6,25
Inertness - 140,35 141,05 146,15 0,18 155,50 0,05
vivacity ±6,72 ±6,67 ±6,49 ±4,55
Absent-mindedness - 142,30 144,30 149,29 0,18 144,80 0,94
attantiveness ±7,15 ±5,65 ±6,32 ±4,14
After exercise without essential oil (control group) there was a reliable rise of well-being, vivacity and slowdown of tension.
After dance session with essential oil (experimental group) a reliable improvement of general condition, well-being and mood was fixed, while level of tension went down. At the same time finite values of parameters in both groups are close.
On the whole dance session held in the room concentrated with Eucalyptus EO, 0,5mg/m3 didn't result significant improvement of psychoemotional state in comparison with value of control group.
While studying effect of Eucalyptus EO, 2,0 mg/m3, on cardiovascular system initially (before procedure) there weren't any reliable differences between values of BP and HR in control and experimental groups (table 4). In this case in both groups average values of BPS and BPD were normal by JNC6, HR - higher.
After dance session without EO (control group) values of BPS and BPD didn't change, HR had a reliable rise, and 15 minutes later became as it was initially.
Value of HR raised for certain, 15 minutes later slowdown back. Eucalyptus EO of 2,0mg/m didn't have any effect on cardiovascular system.
Table 4
Effect of Eucalyptus EO, 2,0mg/m3 on blood pressure (mm of mercury) and heart rate (bpm) during
exercise
Parameter Before procedure After procedure P< In 15 min after procedure Before proced. / in 15 min after procedure P< After procedure. / in 15 min after procedure P<
BPS Experimen tal group 123,90 ±2,47 122,80 ±1,80 0,62 123,30 ±2,19 0,75 0,85
BPS Control 126,25 ±3,73 129,10 ±3,58 0,43 126,25 ±3,49 1,00 0,34
group
BPD Experimen tal group 80,80 ±1,83 82,55 ±1,42 0,24 82,65 ±1,64 0,27 0,94
BPD Control 83,25 ±2,54 85,70 ±1,28 0,14 85,45 ±2,05 0,15 0,86
group
HR Experimen tal group 85,45 ±3,03 93,00 ±3,16 0,03 89,20 ±2,33 0,13 0,08
HR Control 86,85 ±3,18 95,80 ±3,69 0,03 88,00 ±3,31 0,74 0,001
group
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While studying effect of Eucalyptus EO, 1,0 mg/m on cardiovascular system it was found out that initially BPS and BPD in both groups were between normal and high values by JNC6, HR was higher. Certain differences between initial values of BP and HR weren't fixed either in control group or in experimental one (table 5).
After dance session without essential oil (control group) value of BPS didn't change, BPD tended to increase. Value of HR rose for certain. In 15 minutes after dance class BP was on the same level as it was registered just after exercise, HR value turned back.
In the experimental group after dance session in the room concentrated with Eucalyptus EO BPS decreased, while BPD was kept on the same level. In 15 minutes after dance class BPS value was the same as just after exercise and lower in comparison with initial data. Values of BPD didn't differ much from initial and values just after dance class. HR value just after dance increased and in 15 minutes it went down, but tended to rise in comparison with initial data.
Table 5
Effect of Eucalyptus EO, 1,0 mg/m3 on blood pressure (mm by mercury) and heart rate (bpm) during
exercise
Parameter Before procedure After procedure P< In 15 min after procedure Before proced. / in 15 min after procedure P< After procedure. / in 15 min after procedure P<
BPS Experimen tal group 130,10 ±4,21 122,90 ±2,88 0,03 123,80 ±3,93 0,04 0,70
BPS Control 132,05 ±5,04 131,20 ±3,84 0,83 128,95 ±3,88 0,47 0,40
group
Pex/c >0,1 <0,1 - >0,1 - -
BPD Experimen tal group 86,15 ±2,49 85,60 ±2,51 0,60 82,60 ±3,03 0,06 0,08
BPD Control 84,55 ±3,07 87,65 ±2,52 0,09 87,45 ±2,30 0,11 0,88
group
Pex/c >0,1 >0,1 - >0,1 - -
HR Experimen tal group 80,20 ±3,50 85,60 ±3,70 0,04 83,75 ±2,56 0,07 0,40
HR Control 83,45 ±2,56 95,85 ±3,81 0,004 88,15 ±3,42 0,14 0,001
group
Pex/c >0,1 <0,1 - >0,1 - -
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Investigating effect of Eucalyptus EO, 0,5mg/m on cardiovascular system, initially values of BPS and BPD in both groups were normal by JNC6, but HR was higher. Certain differences of BP and HR values between control and experimental groups weren't fixed (table 6).
After dance session without EO (control group) values of BPS and BPD didn't differ from initial data for certain. HR after dance class increased and in 15 minutes was back.
In experimental group after dance session in the room concentrated with Eucalyptus EO values of BPS, BPD and HR increased significantly. In 15 minutes after dance class BPD and HR were back to initial data, BPS was kept hightened.
Table 6
Effect of Eucalyptus EO, 0,5 mg/m3 on blood pressure (mm by mercury) and heart rate (bpm) during
exercise
Parameter Before procedure After procedure P< In 15 min after procedure Before proced. / in 15 min after procedure P< After procedure. / in 15 min after procedure P<
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
BPS Experimen tal group 120,70 ±2,38 128,95 ±3,39 0,02 125,90 ±2,91 0,04 0,18
BPS Control 126,25 ±3,73 129,10 ±4,50 0,43 126,25 ±3,49 1,00 0,34
group
BPD Experimen tal group 80,40 ±1,44 84,55 ±1,66 0,002 80,90 ±1,96 0,69 0,002
BPD Control 83,25 ±2,54 85,70 ±1,28 0,14 85,45 ±2,05 0,15 0,86
group
HR Experimen tal group 88,70 ±3,07 99,95 ±3,40 0,05 89,30 ±2,85 0,85 0,05
HR Control 86,85 ±3,18 95,80 ±3,69 0,03 88,00 ±3,31 0,74 0,001
group
As a result it can be noticed that dance classes as they are provoke euphoric effect. Extra euphoric effect given by Eucalyptus EO reveals itself in case of higher study concentrations - 2,0 and especially 1,0 mg/m3.
Influence of Eucalyptus EO on cardiovascular system is insignificant, varied and becomes apparent for account of BP and HR in case of lower study concentrations.
Conclusions
1. Eucalyptus EO provokes euphoric effect, that is pronounced during prolonged and medium exercise load in case of higher study concentrations only - 1,0 and 2,0 mg/m3.
2. Effect of Eucalyptus EO on cardiovascular system is insignificant.
References
1. Osnovy psykhologii: Praktikum. / Red-sost. L.D. Stolarenko. - Rostov-na-Donu: Pheniks, 2002. - 704 s.
2. Praktikum po psykhologii./ Pod red.A.N. Leontjeva , B. Hyppenreiter. - Izd. Mosk. Un-ta, 1972. - 248 s.
3. Tonkovtseva V.V., Dikhtyaruk M.V., Kosolapov A.N., Yarosh A.M. Vliyaniye efirnogo masla evkalipta i psykhorelaksiruyushchei programmy na psykhophyziologisheskoye sostoyaniye cheloveka pri raznoy dlitelnosti vozdeistviya // Aromarelaksatsiya psykhophyzicheskogo sostoyaniya cheloveka: materialy 4-j Mezhdunarodnoy nauchno-prakticheskoy konferentsii (Yalta, 3-6 iyunya 2014). - Yalta, 2014. - S. 82-89.
4. Babar Ali, Naser Ali Al-Wabel, Saiba Shams, Aftab Ahamad, Shah Alam Khan, Firoz Anwar Essential oils used in aromatherapy: A systemic review // Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine. - 2015. - Volume 5. - Issue 8. - P. 601-611.
5. Umezu T. Evaluation of the effects of plant-derived essential oils on central nervous system function using discrete shuttle-type conditioned avoidance response in mice.// Phytother. Res. - 2012. - June. - 26(6). - P.884-891.
The article was received at editors 26.10.2015
Bekmambetov T.R., Tonkovtseva V.V., Litvinchuk N.I., Yarosh A.M. Essential oil of Eucalyptus and its effect on psychophysiological state of people breathing it in different concentration during exercise //
Bull. of the State Nikit. Botan. Gard. - 2015. - № 117. - P. 11 - 17.
Essential oil of Eucalyptus provokes euphoric effect during prolonged medium exercise; on the background of physical activity it is pronounced only in case of the highest study concentrations - 1,0 and 2,0 mg/m3. Effect of Eucalyptus essential oil on cardiovascular system is insignificant and varied.
Key words: essential oil, Eucalyptus, eastern dances, exercise load, psychoemotional state, WAM test, nervous system, cardiovascular system.
UDK 547.913:634.334:331.103.2:599.89
ESSENTIAL OIL OF SYZYGIUM AROMATICUM AND ITS EFFECT ON PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGICAL STATE OF PEOPLE BREATHING IT IN DIFFERENT
CONCENTRATION DURING EXERCISE
Timur Rustemovich Bekmambetov1, Valentina Valeriyevna Tonkovtseva1, Natalia Ivanovna Litvinchuk2, Aleksandr Mikhailovich Yarosh1
Nikita Botanical Gardens - National Scientific Centre 298648, Republic of the Crimea, the city of Yalta, urb.vil. Nikita [email protected]
Dance school "Ariadna", Simferopol [email protected]
Introduction
Essential oil (EO) of Syzygium Aromaticum L. possesses neuroprotective, neurostimulating and tonic properties [5, 6]. It was demonstrated that breathing Syzygium Aromaticum L. EO of 1 mg/m3 during rest time, it improves general state, well-being, mood and reduces anxiety and tension level, strengthens sense of vivacity, elation and attentiveness. BPD reduction was not much but significant, HR tended to decrease [2].
Objective of this work is to investigate effect of Syzygium Aromaticum L. EO being in different concentrations on some functions of human central nervous system and cardiovascular system during exercise.
Objects and methods
A group of 20 women aged by 20-50 was involved into this study. Control one was similar group by composition and size. 90-minute eastern dance class was chosen as a physical load. In a control group the exercise was held without extra effects, while people of experimental group could breath Syzygium Aromaticum L. EO of the following
