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23PHYSICS AND MATHEMATICS
UDC 619:616.9-084:636.2
Shevchenko Alexander Alekseevich
Doctor of veterinary sciences Professor of microbiology, epizootology and virusology Faculty of veterinary medicine Konovalov Mikhail Gennadyevich Graduate student ofprofessor of microbiology, epizootology and virusology
But Carlos Lee
Graduate student professor of microbiology, epizootology and virusology
Faculty of veterinary medicine Kuban state agrarian University named after I. T. Trubilin DOI: 10.24411/2520-6990-2019-11019 EPIZOOTOLOGICAL MONITORING AND THERAPEUTIC AND PREVENTIVE MEASURES FOR NODULAR DERMATITIS IN THE KRASNODAR REGION
Abstract
Nodular dermatitis of cattle refers to emergent, transboundary, viral infectious diseases. Outbreaks of nodular dermatitis in cattle in various countries significantly affect their economies.
The article presents the results of epizootological monitoring of nodular dermatitis of cattle in the Krasnodar region. An outbreak of nodular dermatitis in cattle in the Krasnodar region was registered in may 2016 in 5 livestock farms. The infection was introduced from the territory of neighboring regions, in particular, during this period, outbreaks of the disease were established in the Republic of Dagestan. Acute, severe and atypical forms of nodular dermatitis of cattle were observed in farms.
Measures were taken to prevent and prevent the spread of nodular dermatitis of cattle in the Krasnodar region. Disinfection, disinsection and deratization were carried out in the unfavorable foci.
Key words: nodular dermatitis, cattle, epizootological monitoring, emergent, transboundary, viral, infectious diseases.
Nodular dermatitis (cutaneous tubercle, nodular eczema and nodular dermatitis, Dermatitis nodulares Lumpyskin disease) is a highly contagious, emergent, cross-border infectious disease of cattle. The disease is manifested by a persistent fever, weight loss, and lymph system, edema of the subcutaneous tissue and internal organs, the formation of tubercles in the skin and internal organs, conjunctivitis and lesions of the mucous membranes of the respiratory and of the digestive and respiratory systems. In recent years, nodular dermatitis of cattle is a new problem for agriculture in our country.
The cause of nodular dermatitis in cattle is a DNA-containing sheath virus belonging to the Neethling group, genus Capripoxvirus, family Poxviridae. Neeth-ling group virus is a prototypical causative agent of nodular dermatitis, which has antigenic affinity with sheep pox virus. The scientific literature describes two other groups of viruses (Allerton and BLD), which were previously considered pathogens of tubercle. Subsequently, it was proved that Allerton and BLD viruses are not the true causative agents of nodular dermatitis. In morphology, the virions of the Neethling virus are identical to the sheep pox virus, round in shape with a double shell and a dense core. The size of virions is 320-260 nm. Highly productive pedigree animals are most susceptible to nodular dermatitis, less malignant forms of tubercle are observed in unclean cows. The disease is manifested by inflammatory processes of the skin and subcutaneous tissue, conjunctivitis, inflammation of the mucous membranes of the genitals, mouth
and nose. The disease is accompanied by a sharp decrease in milk secretion, infertility and exhaustion. For the first time nodular dermatitis was observed in 1929 in Northern Rhodesia, clinical symptoms were described in 1931 (R. Mac Donald). Subsequently, it was recorded in most countries of South Africa, in 1954 in Madagascar. According to many researchers, over the past decade, nodular dermatitis has been detected in many countries of the African continent, has been registered in a number of North-Western States of India, as well as in southern and Eastern Africa, Europe (Romania, Hungary, Germany), Asia and Australia. In Russia, before this case, nodular dermatitis has never been registered.
In this disease, the mortality rate is from 4 to 95%. According to many researchers, the economic damage is significant, as reduced milk and meat productivity, the quality of raw leather, violated sexual cycles in cows, bulls develop temporary sexual sterility. In India, it causes damage of 50 million rupees annually.
According to foreign scientists ' messages from different countries of Africa and the Middle East the first cases were registered in the period from June to September 2015 In the Russian Federation according to the international epizootic Bureau (OIE) on 29.07.2016 was 251 flash nodular dermatitis, sore 5344 head of cattle, 130 of whom fell. Therefore, it is necessary to study nodular dermatitis, improve diagnosis, prevention and veterinary and sanitary measures.
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The purpose of our research was to study the epizootic situation of nodular dermatitis of cattle in the Krasnodar region and to develop preventive measures.
Research methods. The diagnosis was made on the basis of the data of epizootological examination, clinical examination of sick animals and the results of laboratory studies: histological examination, isolation of the virus and its identification. The affected areas of the skin, mucous membranes or subcutaneous tissue were used for the studies. Along with the affected tissues, the discharge from the nose, eyes, and saliva was examined. The suspension is investigated by various modifications of polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Some variants of this method allow not only to identify the causative agent of nodular dermatitis, but also to differentiate it from related smallpox viruses of sheep and goats. The method of restriction endonuclease analysis allows to differentiate from other capriviruses. Electron microscopy is an Express method for detecting the virus and differentiating it from other pathogens. For laboratory diagnosis of nodular dermatitis, the virus is isolated in cell culture.
Research result. Research was carried out on the basis of GBU "Kropotkin veterinary laboratory", at the Department of Microbiology, epizootology and Virology. According to the statistical analysis of the State veterinary administration of Krasnodar region studied the epizootic situation for nodular dermatitis. As a result of researches it is established that disease of cattle nodular dermatitis for the first time in Krasnodar Krai was registered on a dairy complex of CJSC. T. G. Shevchenko of Tbilisi district of Krasnodar region 27.05.2016 The farm contained 2590 heads of cattle and 478 sick animals were identified. In the future, the disease was established in Gulka-Vichy district at the dairy farm No. 4 of the Federal state unitary enterprise "Plemzavod Kuban" on July 3, 2016, where 785 heads were kept, 147 of them were found sick. Then nodular dermatitis of cattle was registered in A. I. Lutsenko's herd which is a part of TF No. 2, JSC firm " Agrokom-pleks im. N. I. Tkachev "enterprise" Labinskoye " La-binsky district. Subsequently, this disease is established in LPH Javaran Krasnodar 25.08.2016 G. and in LPH Grigorenko Otradnensky district 29.08.2016
In the acute course in the initial stage of the disease, an increase in body temperature to 40 °C or more, a violation of appetite, lacrimation, serous-mucous discharge from the nasal cavity were detected. Then, after 48 hours, a nodular rash was detected in the form of a raised above the skin, rounded shape, with a diameter of 0.2 cm to 5 cm. the Number of nodules was observed from several units to many hundreds, which were found in all parts of the skin. Regional lymph nodes were clearly distinguished. Sick animals quickly lost weight, noted a decrease in body weight, and lactating cows decreased milk yield due to the occurrence of mastitis. In individual animals was noted by neurological disorders and the aggressiveness of the animals. Cows have abortions.
In severe complicated form of nodular dermatitis, a prolonged increase in body temperature, lack of appetite, emaciation were revealed. Nodules on the skin were found throughout the body, on the outer mucous
membranes, in some animals, the defeat of the trachea, pharynx, the occurrence of pulmonary edema with a fatal outcome from asphyxia or the development of bron-chopneumonia was found.
In the subacute course of the disease, no noticeable symptoms on the skin were revealed. The disease was manifested by short-term fever for 2-5 days and lack of appetite.
An atypical form of nodular dermatitis was observed in newborn calves, which manifested intermittent diarrhea, fever, but without noticeable signs of skin lesions. In adult animals was noted by loss of appetite, intermittent fever.
In disadvantaged farms, there was a sharp decrease in milk productivity; loss of live weight of sick animals; pregnant cows had abortions and stillborn fruits; skin damage; infertility; death of animals from opportunistic microflora and secondary infections; significant costs for treatment and veterinary and sanitary measures.
Laboratory studies were carried out in the state budgetary institution "Kropotkin veterinary laboratory" of Krasnodar region. For the studies, the affected areas of the skin, mucous membranes and subcutaneous tissue were used. The prepared suspension was investigated in polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Differentiated from related smallpox viruses of sheep and goats by restriction endonuclease analysis.
To prevent the spread of nodular dermatitis in the Krasnodar territory, the veterinary service vaccinated all susceptible cattle in the public and private sectors. As a result, 532, 529 thousand cattle heads in farms of all forms of ownership were vaccinated with a vaccine against smallpox of sheep. 634.8 thousand heads were treated with repellents.
In case of an outbreak of nodular dermatitis of cattle, the movement of cattle, transportation of skins in disadvantaged areas, transportation of animal products is prohibited, patients and suspected of infection of animals are isolated. Corpses are burned or buried in the ground. It is forbidden to sell milk, animals with clinical signs are killed. Disinfection, disinsection, deratiza-tion were carried out in unfavorable foci.
Conclusion. Thus, epizootological monitoring of nodular dermatitis of cattle in the Krasnodar region was carried out. It was established that outbreaks of the disease were registered in the period from may to August 2016. acute and subacute course, severe and complicated form of nodular dermatitis in cows with the formation of nodules on the skin of the trunk, on the external mucous membranes were Revealed. Atypical form in young animals was characterized by intermittent diarrhea, increased body temperature without noticeable skin lesions. For the protection of animals against nodular dermatitis was used immunization of cattle with a vaccine against sheep pox. In order to prevent the disease, annual vaccination is included in the plan of anti-epizootic measures.
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