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14ЭПИФИТНЫХ ВОДОРОСЛЕЙ, РАСПРОСТРАНЕННЫХ В НАХЧЫВАНСКОЙ АВТОНОМНОЙ РЕСПУБЛИКИ АЗЕРБАЙДЖАНА
Кахраманов С.Г.
Главный научный сотрудник Нахчыванского Отделения Национальной Академии Наук Азербайджана
Насирова А.С.
Главный научный сотрудник Нахчыванского Отделения Национальной Академии Наук Азербайджана
EPIPHYTE ALGAE SPREAD IN NAKHCHiVAN AUTONOMOUS REPUBLiC OF
AZERBAiJAN
Kahramanov S.H.
Senior Scientific Researcher of Nakhchivan Branch of Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences
Nasirova A.S.
Senior Scientific Researcher of Nakhchivan Branch of Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences
АННОТАЦИЯ
В статье представлено материалы результатов исследований по изучению распространение эпифит-ных водорослей над водно-болотистых растений в водохранилище, река и озера. При проведенными многолетними исследованиями установлено, что в водохранилище Араз, Узуноба, Сираб, Г. Алиев, Арпачай, в реке Нахчыванчай, Гиланчай, Алинджачай и в озере Батабат над 18 вид водными растениями распространены 6 видов зеленых и 8 видов сине-зеленых эпифитных водорослей. Обнаружены, что приспособленность эпифитных водорослей над водно-болотистых растений имеет индивидуальных особенностей. Так как, виды сине-зеленые и зеленые водоросли обитают только над определенных водно-болотистых растений. Однако, несмотря этого над одинаковые растения можно встретится два и более видов сине -зеленых и зеленых водорослей.
ABSTRACT
The article deals with the water-marsh plants spread in water reservoirs, rivers, lakes and epiphytes blue-green and green algaes that reside on the rocks of the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic. As a result of many years of research carried out in Araz, Uzunoba, H. Aliyev water reservoirs, in Nakhchivanchay, Gilanchay, Alin-jachay and in Batabat lakes it has been discovered that, 6 species of green and 5 species of blue-green algaes have been spread on 19 species of watermarsh plants. As a result of research, it has been discovered that, epiphyte algaes residing on the higher water-marsh plants have individual characteristics. Thus, the blue-green and green algae species are individually settled only on certain wetland plants. However, there can be found two or more blue-green or green algae species on the same plant.
Ключевые слова: эпифит, водно-болотистый, сине-зеленый, зеленый, водоросли, водохранилищ, река, озеро
Keywords: epiphyte, calsephyte, water-marsh, blue-green, green, algae, plankton, water-reservoir, river, lake
Introduction:
Epiphytones, which develop on the higher plants, are permanent components of water ecosystems. They carry out important functions on the trophic chain of hydrobionts, being resistant to various conditions.
A number of researchers have published detailed information on epiphyte algae, their species compositions and their biological characteristics. The species composition of water-wetland plants spread in throughout the water-reservoirs of Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic has been studied comprehensively [2, 3]. As a result of studies, it has been discovered that, the species composition of epiphyte algae reside on different organs of higher water plants spread in water-reservoirs varies widely. Here, the epiphytes on the surface of the leaves on the surface of water differ greatly from the composition of the epiphyte algae spread on the stem inside the water. Among these species, there can also be came across water saprophyte indicator species. Among saprobiological groups there have been found that beta-meso-saprobics, oligo-saprobics and poly-saprobics have a small number of spreads that indicate
moderate pollution of the water-reservoirs [6, 7, 8, 13]. There have been shown that, blue-green and green algae spread in water-reservoirs and rivers belong to plankton lifestyles as well as epiphytes on the carried out investigations [4, 5].
The spread of epiphyte algaes on the higher water plants and carbonate rocks depends on their development intensiveness. This contact form is closely linked to water temperatures [12].
There have been carried out the comparative taxo-nomic analysis and ecological-geographical characteristics of epiphyte algae spread in the water-reservoirs of Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic for the first time.
Material and methods:
The material of the study was the epiphytones that spread on 17 higher plants collected during the expeditions. Collection of samples have been continued from the beginning of May to the end of November. The specimens have been collected from Araz, Uzunoba, Sirab, H. Aliyev, Arpachay water-reservoirs, Nakhchivanchay, Gilanchay, Alinjachay and Batabat lakes, as well as wetlands outside of water sources. For
this purpose, 46 specimens have been collected in accordance with the methodology of research [9] from the pre-determined stationary stations. When samples collected, the algae on the large higher water plants have been cut with a knife. Small water plants have been collected together with algae. The identification of species composition of algae in samples have been carried out on freshly collected samples. The stored specimens have been fixed in the 0,5 % formalin solution and subsequently their species have been determined [9]. Species composition of algae have been identified by the support of identifications [1, 2, 11, 17, 19, 20].
Analysis and discussion:
During expeditions, the water-wetland plants have been collected together with epiphyte algae on them from water-reservoirs, rivers and lakes located at stationary stations settlements. Plant samples have been identified by the use of identifications and the following higher water-wetland plant taxons have been identified:
1. Agrostis stolonifera L. - (The part of trunk with its leaves are located in water).
2.Alisma plantago-aquatica L. - (The root in water, the trunk is located on the surface of the water).
3. Butomus umbellatus L. - (The plant has been spread on the surface of the water.
4. Cyperus glomeratus L. - (The half of the trunk is in water, the half of it is above the water.
5. Juncus effusus L. - (The half of the plant is located inside the water).
6.Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud. -(The root is at the bottom of the water, the trunk is above the water, and depending its length is on the water).
7. Scirpus lacustris L. - (The root is at the bottom, the stem is inside the water, and depending its length is on the water).
8. Scirpus sylvaticus L.- (The plant has been spread in the wetland of Nakhchivanchay and Gi-lanchay area, on the shore of Araz, H.Aliyev and Sirab water-reservoirs, in swampy areas and humid meadows of Batabat forest). Its trunk is located outside of the water.
9. Sparganium erectum L. - (The half of the straight trunk is inside the water and the rest is on the land).
10. Typha angustifolia L. - (The plant has been spread on the edges of the water-reservoirs and rivers, their roots are at the bottom of the water, some of the stem part is in water, and the other is on the surface of the water.
11. Typha latifolia L. - (The plant is located on the edge of water).
12. Rorippa amphibia (L.) Bess) - (The root is in the water, the stem is on the surface of water).
13. Polygonum amphibium L. natans - (The root system is located at the bottom of the water, the trunk both is in the water and on the surface of the water).
14. Batrachium circinatum (Sibth.) Spach - (The plant has been found wetland areas of the outside of water-reservoirs).
15. Ceratophyllum demersum L. - (The plant is in form of submerged in water).
16. Potamogeton crispus L. - (Inside the water).
17. Potamogeton pectinatus L. - (Inside the water).
18. Potamogeton natans - (The leaf and flower is on the surface of water, the root and stem is in the water. It was found among water plants.)
The collected samples are identified by using of identifications and the following epiphyte algae taxons have been detected:
1. Chlorella vulgaris Beyerinck [Beijerinck] -Uz-unoba, Arpachay, Sirab, Gilanchay, Batabat
2. Cosmarium granatum Brebisson ex Ralfs - Uz-unoba, Nakhchivanchay, Gilanchay
3. Scenedesmus dimorphus (Trupin) Brebisson -H. Aliyev, Uzunoba, Nakhchivanchay
4. Ulothrix. zonata (Weber et Mohr) F.T. Kutzing - Uzunoba, Alinjachay, Batabat, Araz
5.Ankistrodesmus falcatus (Corda) Ralfs - Uz-unoba, Gilanchay
6. Staurastrum gracile Ralfs ex Ralfs - Araz, Bata-
bat
7.Microcystis aeruginosa (F.T. Kutzing ) E. Lem-mermann - Araz, H. Aliyev, Uzunoba, Na-khchivanchay
8. Synechococcus elongatus Nageli- Uzunoba, H. Aliyev, Araz, Gilanchay, Alinjachay
9. Oscillatoria tenuis Agardh C.A.-Uzunoba, Arpachay, Sirab, Nakhchivanchay
10. Oscillatoria acuminata Gomont- Araz, H. Aliyev, Nakhchivanchay, Gilanchay, Batabat
11. Calothrix brauni Bornet & Flahault - Uzunoba, Gilanchay, Alinjachay, Batabat
12. Anabaena flos-aguae (Lyngbye) Brebisson in Brebisson & Godey - Uzunoba, Sirab, Na-khchivanchay, Gilanchay, Araz
13. Aphanizomenon flos-aguae Ralfs ex Bornet & Flahault - Uzunoba, Arpachay, Nakhchivanchay, Gi-lanchay, Araz
14. Microcystis flos-aquae (Wittrock) Elenkin -Arpachay, Gilanchay, Araz
Chlorella vulgaris Beyerinck [Beijerinck] and Anabaena flos-aguae (Lyngbye) rebisson's Brebisson & Godey epiphyte algae have been found on the trunk and leaves of the Agrostis stolonifera L. species in the water that have been found in Uzunoba and H. Aliyev waterreservoir. As the above mentioned vegetation period of higher water plant was so long, so it can be encountered until the beginning of November. However, since December, it has been impossible to track their life cycles due to being frozen of water. It has been discovered that, Chlorella vulgaris Beyerinck [Beijerinck], Cos-marium granatum rebisson ex Ralfs, Anabaena flos-aguae (Lyngbye) Brebisson in Brebisson & Godey, Ankistrodesmus falcatus (Corda) Ralfs algae taxons spread in Arpachay, Sirab, Gilanchay, have been found on the surface of submerged water stems and the surface of leaves that turned water of Alisma plantago-aquatica L., Sparganium erectum L., Batrachium cir-cinatum (Sibth.) Spach species.
The Butomus umbellatus L. species collected from the Araz water-reservoirs, has been observed on the surface of the stem and leaves that located on the surface of water, of the perennial water plant on the surface
in May and October when algae taxons Ulothrix zonata (Weber et Mohr) F.T. Kutzing, Aphanizomenon flos-aguae Ralfs ex Bornet & Flahault have been spread [Table]. Cyperus glomeratus L. the half of the stem is in water and Juncus effusus L. species have been spread in Uzunoba, Sirab, Araz, Nakhchivanchay, Alinjachay and Batabat lakes. There have been found that, Ana-baena flos-aguae (Lyngbye) Brebisson, Staurastrum gracile Ralfs ex Ralfs, Microcystis aeruginosa (F.T. Kutzing) E. Lemmermann, Ankistrodesmus falcatus (Corda) Ralfs, Cosmarium granatum epiphyte algae taxons have been spread on their stems and leaves.
There have been observed more epiphyte algae on the surface of Scirpus sylvaticus L., Typha angustifolia
L., Polygonum amphibium L. var. collected from the H. Aliyev, Uzunoba water-reservoirs, Gilanchay and Alinjachay. On the surface of their stems and leaves located in the water there have been found Aphanizomenon flos-aguae Ralfs ex Bornet & Flahault, Chlorella vulgaris Beyerinck [Beijerinck], Ankistrodesmus falcatus (Corda) Ralfs, Synechococcus elongatus Nageli va Oscillatoria acuminata Gomont algae species. Many researchers have also pointed out that these algae taxons are widely spread on the surface of the above mentioned higher water plants [10, 14, 15, 16, 18].
Water reservoirs Rivers Lakes
Branch Araz Uzunoba Sirab H. Aliyev £ apr <c Nakhchivanchay Gilanchay Alinjachay III - I leqeieg
Cyanophyta (Total taxons number - 8) 5 6 2 4 3 5 6 2 2
According to the total number of taxa by % 62,5 75 25 50 37,5 62,5 75 25 25
Chlorophyta (Total taxons number - 6) 2 5 1 1 1 2 5 1 3
According to the total number of taxons by % 33, 4 83,3 16,7 16,7 16,7 33,4 83,3 16,7 50
Table.
The distribution condition of epiphyte algae taxons in the investigated water-reservoirs.
Ulothrix. zonata (Weber et Mohr) F.T. Kutzing, Calothrix brauni Bornet & Flahault, Calothrix brauni Bornet & Flahault, Staurastrum gracile Ralfs ex Ralfs, Aphanizomenon flos-aguae Ralfs ex Bornet & Flahault, Scenedesmus dimorphus (Trupin) Brebisson, Cosmarium granatum Brebisson ex Ralfs, Oscillatoria acuminata Gomont, Microcystis aeruginosa (F.T. Kutzing ) E. Lemmermann algae taxons have been found on the surface of stems and leaves of Typha latifolia L., Potamogeton natans, Ceratophyllum demersum L., Batrachium circinatum (Sibth.) Spach, Rorippa amphibia (L.) Bess), Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud., Sparganium erectum L., Scirpus lacustris L., Potamogeton pectinatus L., Potamogeton crispus L. plants.
Conclusion: The distribution of epiphyte algae can change in some seasons of the year, depending on the temperature of the water in the water-reservoirs, the level of water in the water sources, and the degree of their transparency. Microcystis aeruginosa (F.T. Kutzing ) E. Lemmermann, M. flos-aquae (Wittrock) Elenkin Aphanizomenon flos-aguae Ralfs ex Bornet & Flahault, va Anabaenaflos-aguae (Lyngbye) Brebisson in Brebisson & Godey epiphyte algae taxons have been widely observed in July-September months. It was also discovered that some epiphyte algae taxons spread in plankton form. Epiphytes are more commonly found on stagnant or poorly streamed rivers and in the coastal
waters, rather than in high flow areas. Among the epiphyte, algae there have been found calsephytis living on carbonate rocks and underwater stones. It has also been discovered that the same species of algae belong to both plankton and epiphytes lifestyle. Epiphyte algae was most commonly observed in early July and second decade of September.
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МИКРОБНОЕ ИНГИБИРОВАНИЕ
Колчин В.
www.probiotica.ru, инженер-микрофизик MICROBIAL INHIBITION
Kolchin V.
www.probiotica.ru engineer-microbial physics
АННОТАЦИЯ
Приём химического ингибитора внутрь организма человека - это двойной удар: бесперспективный в борьбе с микробным сообществом и жестокий удар по почкам, тормозящий нормальную микробиоту организма. Ничего хорошего в бесполезном и безрезультативном лечении нет. Тормозить микробный рост можно с помощью микробного сообщества пробиотиков на основании принципа антагонизма микробных сообществ.
ABSTRACT
Taking a chemical inhibitor into the human body is a double blow: unpromising in the fight against the microbial community and a severe blow to the kidneys, inhibiting the body's normal microbiota. There is nothing good in useless and futile treatment. It is possible to inhibit microbial growth using the microbial community of probiotics based on the principle of antagonism of microbial communities.
Ключевые слова: микробное ингибирование, микробная терапия, пробиотики, микробный очиститель, новая система гигиены PCHS - Система гигиены на основе пробиотической очистки, пробиотика, терапия без лекарств
Keywords: microbial inhibition, microbial therapy, probiotics, microbial cleaner, new system of hygiene: PCHS - Probiotics Cleaner Hygiene System, probiotica, drug-free therapy
