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UDK 004.02:004.5:004.9
Kiyomov Yu.T. assistant
of the Karshi Institute of Engineering Economics
ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS OF MULTI-STOREY HOUSING
UTILITIES
Annotation: the article examines the issues that determine the environmental problems of public services. It also informs about environmental processes, the causes of water, soil and air pollution
Key words: utilities, ecology, atmosphere, pollution, noise, resource saving, measuring instruments, efficiency.
The combination of long-term and targeted effects of environmental factors leads to changes in the systems of organisms (ecosystems and the entire biosphere) and these changes can be identified as environmental processes.
Now let us look at the main sources of air pollution. The question of the composition and quality of atmospheric air is a matter of life and death for man. Because human life cannot be imagined without a sufficient amount of oxygen and pure air / 2 /.
Human life is closely connected not only with the quantity of air, but also with its quality. Atmospheric air-pollution has a direct negative impact on human health, ability to work and life.
Partial pollution of the air with harmful substances also harms human health, in addition, the biological productivity of fauna and flora, crop yields, as well as the economic potential of natural landscapes depends directly or indirectly on the composition and quality of atmospheric air / 3-5 /.
Atmospheric pollution — various compounds in the air — various gases, water vapor, solid and liquid particles — are even dependent on radioactive dust, which degrades the quality of the atmosphere, leading to many natural negative consequences. Sources of atmospheric pollution include natural and artificial pollution.
At present, artificial pollution has a much greater negative impact on the state of the atmosphere than natural pollution, and on top of that, this effect is becoming more and more dangerous.
Because the current development of human production continues with the release of more and more harmful substances into the atmosphere. As a result, billions of tons of various substances are released into the atmosphere every year.
Extremely toxic and harmful substances are: aerosols, dusts (dust, smoke, microbes, plant dust), gaseous substances and water vapor (carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, hydrogen sulfide, carbohydrates, organic matter, sulfides, nitrates, lead, iron, fluorine compounds, odorous substances, etc.),
radioactive modes, pesticides. These chemicals are toxic, and many of them fluctuate in the atmosphere. Under the influence of sunlight and at a much higher altitude in the presence of the ozone screen, a variety of chemical reactions that we do not yet know well can occur, and even more harmful new compounds can form.
In recent years, the negative role of road transport in air pollution has been growing. In large cities and densely populated areas, motor vehicles are the main source of air pollution.
Exhaust gases from car engines contain about 200 different substances but most of it is industrial gas. In addition, cars emit large amounts of nitrogen oxides, hydrocarbons and, finally, toxic lead into the air. The amount of waste varies depending on the type of fuel.
Atmospheric pollution has a negative impact on human health. Dust, smoke, smoke, and fog in the atmospheric air of large industrial cities and industrial centers sometimes block the sun's rays and prevent enough ultraviolet light from reaching the earth's surface. Insufficient exposure to ultraviolet light, in turn, leads to various diseases, especially rickets in children / 2, 6 /
The difference for dust in the air in large cities depends on the beautification of the city, the presence of trees and forests, the size of industrial enterprises and their location in the city.
Dusty or foggy air, pollution, and exposure to solar radiation can change the urban environment, slow down air movement, and reduce its relative humidity.
It is also dangerous for the city to be covered by a thick fog, because the toxic substances contained in the fog droplets have a negative effect when they enter the human body.
Such areas in industrial centers have a negative impact on human health, including inflammation of the mucous membranes of the upper respiratory tract and various diseases. On such foggy days, the condition of patients worsens. For example, patients with chronic bronchitis, emphysema, colds, asthma feel bad. Districts disrupt traffic, causing accidents.
Dust particles in the atmosphere have an adverse effect on the human body. Complications of dusts depend on the biological activity, nature and physical properties of the chemicals they contain. For example, when lead, arsenic, manganese, cadmium, fluorine, and aerosols in the air are constantly ingested; chronic diseases are more likely to occur. In particular, anemia, fluorosis causes diseases such as polyarthritis, polyneuritis.
Particularly dangerous are radioactive dusts. Non-toxic relatively large-diameter dust particles fall into the mucous membranes of the nose and nose, injuring them, and the inflammatory process is observed in the nose, throat, larynx, and bronchial tubes. Such cases cause diseases such as acute and chronic rhinitis, laryngitis, pharyngitis, trocheitis, bronchitis or troxeo-bronchitis, laryngotrocheitis. Quartz dust in the respiratory tract and lungs cause's
pneumoconiosis, and the presence of silicon dioxide in the structures of power plants causes silicosis.
Atmospheric air in large industrial cities contains a lot of silicon dioxide. It should be noted that the smallest particles of dust have a harmful effect on the body. Changes in the gas content of the air are considered hygienically dangerous. If there is an unpleasant odor in the air and dirt enters the body through the respiratory tract, of course, the disease occurs. But there are also gases which, although they are poisonous, do not smell at all. In particular, human gas cannot be perceived. Often, industrial plants can emit a wide variety of odorless and odorous gas mixtures into the urban atmosphere. When entering large industrial cities, one can feel that the composition of the air, its purity, is disturbed.
Harmful gases in the air can enter the airways directly and enter the lungs, lungs, or combine with moisture in the mucous membrane and cause inflammation. Toxic gases, in particular, can often have a more severe effect on the elderly, as well as young children.
If sulfur dioxide accumulates in the air, it can cause bronchitis, gastritis and pneumonia.
Because of an increase in hydrogen sulfide gas in the atmosphere, a person suffers from headaches, dizziness, malaise, and even impaired sense of smell. Under the influence of fluorine compounds, mining comes from the nose, colds occur a person swallows. Nitric oxide causes lung disease, lowers the mining pressure, and as a result causes dizziness, fainting, and vomiting. Lead dust affects the nerves, causes inflammation of the brain, impairs liver and kidney function, and delays the physical development of the child. Radioactive substances also have a negative effect on the human body, adversely affect the activity of the adrenal glands, gonads, thyroid gland, and cause changes in the composition of the ore.
Other types of air pollution can also be mentioned.
Thus, the atmosphere is not only composed of pure gases, but also a complex mixture; the composition of the main gases in it is almost constant, and the amount of compounds is variable. Therefore, no matter how clean the atmospheric air is, it contains a certain amount of solid, liquid and gaseous mixtures. The composition of mixtures varies in different places and at different times. Hence, compounds are a variable component of atmospheric air. The amount of mixture in the air is an important factor in determining its quality.
In view of the above, we would like to note that the issue of maintaining environmental cleanliness should be an integral part of public utilities for the population living in multi-storey housing. Along with this issue, it is necessary to mention the problem of noise reduction / 1 /.
To prevent this, it is necessary to use modern measuring instruments and conduct monitoring on this basis. This leads to an increase in industry efficiency.
References:
1. Decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan on measures further improve the management of housing and communal services. Tashkent, April 18, 2017. People's Word Newspaper, April 19, 2017 №.
2. Murodov Sh. O. Environmental monitoring and topical issues of ecology-T.: Voris, 2013.-182 p.
3. Otaboev Sh., Nabiev M. Man and the biosphere. - T.: Teacher, 1995- 320p.
