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ENVIRONMENTAL LAW AND PUBLIC ADMINISTRATIVE MANAGEMENT FOR THE DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE, PARISH EL SALTO DEL CANTON
BABAHOYO.
COLES GAGLAY WILMER STALYN1, BARCOS ARIAS IGNACIO FERNANDO2, SÁNCHEZ RIERA GRIMANY
MALENA3, OBACO MOREIRA KEVIN ALEXANDER4
Universidad Regional Autónoma de Los Andes Babahoyo. Ecuador. 1 E-mail: db.wilmerscg21 @uniandes.edu.ec ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7614-3559
2E-mail: [email protected] ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2779-5512
3E-mail: [email protected] ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9555-7466
4E-mail: [email protected] ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8058-4496
Summary:
It was determined that in the city of Babahoyo especially in the Parish of Salto the lack of garbage containers generated great environmental discomfort in the inhabitants of the aforementioned urban area, in addition to disrespect for the schedules established by garbage collectors causing agglomeration of waste in several corners of the sector. The competent authorities were not complying with the right to live in a healthy environment, therefore, the lack of waste collection by the staff of the Municipal Public Company of Environmental Sanitation of Babahoyo, in addition to the shortage of containers caused people to throw garbage in anyesquina. It is important to note that the municipality of Babahoyo has nine collectors, in addition to dump trucks and redfish, but almost 50% of the machinery was broken down and waiting for the repair and maintenance that the municipality is responsible for giving, citizens will suffer from that problem, which most people in order not to keep garbage in their homes opted for the irresponsibility of throwing them near the River and sometimes inside, causing terrible environmental damage. The lack of environmental knowledge is not only associated with the culture that people have but also with the lack of interest of the municipality to take care of the well-being of the environment and the health of citizens, in which these problems may in the future cause some time to spread some disease. Keyword: containers; shortages; environmental damage; welfare; Spread. Sumannry
INTRODUCTION
The term solid waste should be taken as a general concept, and it covers both the volume with heterogeneous characteristics of the waste of an urban and industrial community, and the more homogeneous accumulation of the materials generated by some specific activities. In other words, it is any product, matter or substance, resulting from human activity or nature, that no longer has a function for the activity that generated it. Today, urban societies produce increasing amounts of waste to the detriment of the quality of the natural environment. Environmental quality is a constituent element of quality of life. The solid waste of a community is a natural consequence of its economic activity and its daily life. The waste originated by the operation of urban centers, generate indirect impacts by the demand for materials and energy, as well as direct by the concentrated addition of materials that produce high levels of deterioration in their peripheries Brown et al. These may contain organic and inorganic substances harmful to human health, and to the natural environment. (Odum, s.f.)(Espinoza, 2018)
Odor pollution refers to the production of strong and unpleasant odors, resulting from activities such as food processing, use of paints, tanneries, among others. (HIDALGO, s.f.)
Dante stated that "in most countries of Latin America and the Caribbean, the amount of organic matter present in municipal solid waste exceeds 50% of the total generated, of which approximately 2% receives adequate treatment for its use; the rest is confined to landfills or landfills; Another percentage
is improperly disposed of in dumps or is destined to feed pigs, without proper sanitary control and processing." (DANTE, s.f.)
The problem of great conflict and that harms the health of some citizens of the parish in Salto is the lack of solid waste containers and maintenance that the municipality provided to the sector, therefore, the reason for this article was made in order to make it known and improve the quality of life of the inhabitants, demanding that the responsible entities provide and guarantee one of the fundamental rights of citizens, which is to live in a healthy environment.
METHODS:
The following modality is of mixed approach, in which the researcher ROBERTO HERNANDEZ SAMPIERI points out that this type of methodological option represents the highest degree of interaction between qualitative and quantitative approaches and that precisely this research frames a type of descriptive, explanatory, bibliographic research. (SAMPIERI, 2017)
Qualitative: through this modality we can obtain information, data and knowledge of the object of study through data collection, participatory observation of the study subjects, interviews, surveys, focus groups which will solve the problem to be investigated.
We use the qualitative method to collect information and data through interviews, surveys directed towards the citizens of the parish El Salto, especially to the sectors affected by the lack of containers and maintenance of the responsible entities.
Quantitative: This modality was used to collect and organize the data obtained from the surveys carried out to the citizens of the parish El Salto, through each of the questions made towards them, whose results serve to carry out an analysis, processing of the information and data obtained. (UNIANDES, 2012) DESIGN
The present work considered the following type of design in the research because the data are collected at the same time. Types of non-experimental designs a) Cross-sectional research
They are designs to characterize specific moments in phenomena. Its purpose is to:
> They collect data in a single moment.
> One of the purposes of this design is to describe the variables and analyze their incidence and interrelationship at any given time.
> It can include various groups of people, companies, neighborhoods, indicator objects.
> Analyze incidence and interrelation at a given time. (b) Longitudinal research
The purposes of this Design are:
> assess evolution in phenomena or study trends.
> It analyzes changes over time in certain variables or changes in the relationships between them.
> They collect data over time at specified points or periods to make "inferences" about change, its determinants and consequences.
SCOPE
> Descriptive.
It consists of analyzing and interpreting the variables to be studied, which are evaluated at the time of conducting the research to know how the phenomenon manifests.
According to "Descriptive research works on factual realities, and its fundamental characteristic is to present a correct interpretation. For descriptive research, its primary concern lies in discovering some fundamental characteristics of homogeneous sets of phenomena, using systematic criteria that allow to reveal their structure or behavior. In this way you can obtain the notes that characterize the reality studied." (p. 51).(Sabino, 1992)
This is how the current diagnosis of the El Salto parish will be found to identify the behavior and the results obtained from the investigation. Method to approach the research object:
> Analytic
It is a process that requires constant observation to determine the cause, nature and effects. Understanding analysis as a procedure to reach understanding by decomposing a phenomenon into its constituent elements (LOPERA, 2010) TECHNIQUE AND INSTRUMENT The survey.
This technique is used for the collection of information, which is applied to the inhabitants of the sector who are directly affected.
RELATED WORKS
The mishandling and lack of containers have been investigated and carried out by USCA AQUEPUCHO KATY YOLI a Peruvian who resides in the city of Arequipa. The research was carried out in one of the oldest food markets in Arequipa, in which the researcher reports the large amount of solid waste generated and deposited in inappropriate places causing environmental damage, nauseating odors that affect precisely the population especially in the supply center and its surroundings, it should be noted that one of the great problems were not only caused by the agglomeration of waste and the lack of more containers, if not also for the lack of a deep cleaning in which they only performed it twice a year. Regarding its environmental justification, it mentions that the proper and correct handling of containers, classifying according to their material, helps mitigate infectious foci in order to live in a healthy environment inside and outside the commercial establishment. (YOLI, 2018) The problem and the lack of containers such as waste management has been treated in Lima-Peru, by Daniela Vela Anda in which the large amount of waste generated by the citizens of the aforementioned city has caused health problems and in some parts the agglomeration of waste that hinders transit threatening the welfare of the population. It is important to note that the mismanagement of the relevant authorities and the ignorance of citizens has generated that citizens burn a large amount of garbage increasing environmental damage, one of the objectives of this work was to carry out various family activities in which they are carried out every 15 days on weekends, walks to collect garbage, workshops regarding recycling, fairs and sale of recycled products among others, all this with the support of the municipal authorities in order to improve the quality of life of Lima citizens through environmental education. (Anda, 2019)
The issue of environmental pollution caused by inadequate management and control of garbage containers has already been addressed in Riobamba, as indicated (Panchi, J. and Mayorga, A. 2019.) where they were able to identify an environmental and social problem due to population growth and the lack of culture about the composition of garbage. therefore, the Ministry of Environment has seen the need to implement methods to control residual waste. Faced with this panorama, it has been necessary to improve the functionality of the eco-bins by creating a method of communication and automation to monitor the status and quantity of waste in the eco-bins, thus avoiding the excessive accumulation of garbage and the effects it causes in the environment and people's health. (Panchi Johana, 2019)
RESULTS
POPULATION
The population that has served as an object of study are the inhabitants of the Babahoyo canton, which has a population growth of 175,281 people in 2020 according to the Development and Territorial Planning Plan of the Babahoyo canton. (CENSOS, 2010)
PARISHES BABAHOYO CANTON 175281
URBAN BABAHOYO 1105514,9
SNAIL 5826,9
FEBRES CORDERO (LAS JUNTAS) 20500,1
THE UNION 14472,6
PIMOCHA 23966,4
SAMPLE
According to Cesar Bernal in the book Scientific research and forms and titling conceptual and practical aspects, 2017. (Bernal, 2010)
The formula for Infinite populations (more than 100,000 elements) will be used.
Z2 xPxQ n =-2-
e2
Z = Confidence level (95% or 99%)
P=Q=50% (assumption of maximum statistical variability as the values of p and q are not known) e = 2%
1,962 x 0,5 x 0,5
n =-
" 0,022
n=240
METHOD OF APPLICATION OF THE TECHNIQUE • Inductive - Deductive (Newman)
This method will be used to carry out the analysis of the problem on the environmental consequences caused by the lack of containers causing agglomeration of solid waste and consequences in the health of the inhabitants of the parish the jump.
STUDY MEASUREMENT INSTRUMENT
The instruments that helped this research were: Surveys will be developed and applied to citizens affected by the problem.(UNIANDES, 2017)
The survey is an instrument generally used as a research procedure, since it will allow us to obtain data in a faster and more effective way. (Rafael Bisquerra, 1989). This method will consist of 10 questions, which were asked to residents of the affected sector in order to obtain the necessary information for the verification of their current status.
HOW THE INFORMATION COLLECTED WILL BE PROCESSED
Some questionnaires of questions will be used in which we will collect all necessary and important information in which it will be proven that the citizens of the parish El Salto are affected by the problem mentioned in the elaboration of this article. Survey results
1. Do you think recycling garbage contributes to the environment?
YES 200
NO 40
83% of people surveyed believe that recycling garbage does contribute to maintaining a healthy environment
2.- Are the containers separated from recyclable or non-recyclable waste?
YES 0
NO 240
100% of the people surveyed stated that the containers do not separate recyclable or non-recyclable waste.
3.- Do the people in charge control the rodents, flies, cockroaches and vectors of diseases that can occur in the solid waste containers?
3.- ¿Las personas encargadas controlan
los roedores, moscas, cucarachas y vectores de enfermedades que pueden darse en los contenedores de desechos sólidos?
0, 0%
240, 100% J
L.
■ si
I NO
YES 0 NO 240
100% of the people surveyed said the people in charge do not control rodents, flies, cockroaches and disease vectors that can occur in solid waste containers.
4.- For the people who live in the parish of El Salto is the proper management of waste important?
YES 210
NO 30
87% of the people surveyed believe that proper waste management is important.
5.- Have the people who live in El Salto parish received any training on waste management?
YES 0
NO 240
5.- ¿Las personas que habitan en la parroquia El Salto han recibido algún tipo de capacitación sobre el manejo de residuos?
100% of respondents said they have never received any training in waste management.
6.- Would the people who live in El Salto parish be interested in taking some kind of learning or
training for waste management?
YES 183
NO 57
76% of the people surveyed said that if they are interested in taking some type of learning or training for waste management.
7.- Are you aware of any sanctions applied by the Municipal Decentralized Autonomous Government for the improper management of organic solid waste?
YES 22 NO 218
7.- ¿Usted conoce alguna sanción que aplica el Gobierno Autónomo Descentralizado Municipal por el manejo inadecuado de los desechos sólidos orgánicos?
91% of the people surveyed said that they do not know of any sanction applied by the Municipal Decentralized Autonomous Government for the improper management of organic solid waste.
8.- In your home do you perceive bad odors product of solid waste?
YES 178
NO 62
8.- ¿En su hogar usted percibe malos olores producto de los desechos sólidos?
74% of the people surveyed said they perceive bad odors in their homes as a result of solid waste. 9.- Do you believe that all people should live in a healthy environment?
YES 240
NO 0
9,- ¿Cree usted que todas las personas deben vivir en un ambiente sano?
0, 0%
240,100%
A
100% of the people surveyed believe that all people should live in a healthy environment.
10.- Do you know if anyone has complained in the municipality about the lack of maintenance of
garbage containers?
YES 0
NO 0
10.- ¿Usted conoce si alguna persona se ha quejado en el municipio por la falta de mantenimiento de los contenedores de basura?
91% of the people surveyed do not know any person who has complained in the municipality about the lack of maintenance of garbage containers.
Discussion
The evaluation of the results of the analysis carried out by the lack of containers that generates discomfort and contamination in the inhabitants of the Parish El Salto of the Babahoyo canton, the authors consider that it is necessary to improve the management system of the municipal GAD of the city in the field of sustainable management of solid waste.
Ordinances should be implemented as a form of incentive to those who accept the sustainable management of all kinds of waste, create a strategic model of integral management for waste management and raise awareness with all the inhabitants of the sector so that together the current problem can be controlled and thus reduce the negative environmental impacts that are being generated.
It is important that the GAD take into consideration that the number of containers for solid waste in the area do not supply the inhabitants of the El Salto sector, taking into account population growth and rainy seasons where there are floods that would be a great pollution problem.
CONCLUSION
Currently, the babahoyenses are not prepared for the sustainable management of solid waste, which is why public spaces and estuaries of some rivers of the Canton are being wasted, where these wastes are deposited arbitrarily and without contemplating any type of technical procedure. In addition, this inadequate management generates various socio-environmental and economic problems for the management of the city of Babahoyo.
The population of the city does not know how to manage their solid waste, this being the main problem to be faced by the GAD, to improve the public health of citizens.
There is no informative and awareness material that must be generated by the GAD of Babahoyo, it needs to be carried out taking into account the various principles and characteristics of environmental education and interpretation.
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