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18ГЕОГРАФИЯ И ГЕНЕЗИС ПОЧВ
ГРНТИ 87.21.02
K.A. Gafarbayli1
ENVIROMENTAL ASSESSMENT OF SOME AREAS OF SHEKI-ZAGATALA CADASTRAL
REGION
1Institute of Soil Science and Agrochemistry, Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences, AZ1073, str. M. Rahim 5, Baku, Azerbaijan, e-mail: [email protected] Abstract. The article describes the geographical location, topography, underlying rocks, climate and soils. Based on the physical, chemical, and physico-chemical parameters of the soils, the ecological state of the soils was characterized, and using setting scales, an ecological assessment of the soils was made. The selection of criteria for environmental assessment of soil conditions is determined by the specifics of their location, genesis, buffering, the diversity of their use and the consideration of areas with varying degrees of soil degradation.
Key words: soil, ecological evalution, degradation, fertility, granulometric composition, humus.
INTRODUCTION
Contrary to the so-called "soil ecology" training that examines the interaction between soil and the environment, the environmental assessment of lands based on the principles of quantitative expression of these interactions is also of great practical importance. According to him, after the evaluation of soils based on the soil diagnostics indicators, the next stage should be the environmental assessment of the lands and compiling the environmental price maps of the land.
It should be noted that the first doctoral dissertation, based on the theory and principles of the environmental assessment of the soil, belongs to S.Z. Mammadova [1, 2].
The Sheki-Zagatala cadastral region located on the southern slope of the Greater Caucasus includes the Balakan, Zagatala, Gakh, Sheki, Oguz and Gabala administrative districts and borders in the north along the Dividing Range of the Dagestan Autonomous Republic of the Russian Federation, in the west and southwest of the Georgian Republic, southeast Agdash and Goychay, and in the east Ismayilli regions. Balakan region, included in the Sheki-Zagatala cadastral region -alluvial-meadow forest, washed-mountain forest, typical mountain-forest slopes, clay-
meadow soil types, plots, and sampling soil for appropriate genetic analysis The morphogenetic analysis of the profile was carried out: a map of the Institute of Soil origin and large-scale soil was used for the determination of soil types [3, 4].
Hasan Aliyev has been an invaluable service of in the study of the origin, geographical distribution, morphology and mapping of the southern, southeastern and northeast slopes of the Greater Caucasus [5-9].
Balakan region, included in the Sheki-Zagatala cadastral region - alluvial-meadow forest, washed-mountain forest, typical mountain-forest slopes, clay-meadow soil types, plots, and sampling soil for appropriate genetic analysis The morphogenetic analysis of the profile was carried out: A map of the Institute of Soil origin and large-scale soil was used to identify soil types.
OBJECTS AND METHODS
The solution of the tasks was carried out by laying key areas on various types of soils included in the Sheki-Zagatala cadastral region
Initial land map 1: 100000 based on fund and map materials of the Institute of Soil Science and Agrochemistry in the Sheki-Zagatala cadastral region of the Republic of Azerbaijan has been prepared within the boundaries of the cadastral region [10]. According to the map, the
route scheme was developed and the field work was carried out. During the survey, the coordinates were recorded using GPS, which included cuts in the soil typical of the area. A number of indicators were then determined in laboratory conditions. Thus, the analysis of some indicators of the mountain-forest brown soils - Washed Mountain Forest and the typical mountain-forest brown species and the Wetlands of the Wetlands of Mountain-meadow soils. The granulometric composition is determined by Kachinsky method by pipette, general humus - of Tyurin method, Carbonate calcimeter, Ph reaction by potentiometer.
The price scale for the basic bonus and environmental parameters of the Shaki-Zagatala cadastral area of the Republic of Azerbaijan has been compiled.
In the modern era, there is a clear environmental focus on the conservation and use of natural resources, where the priority is given to environmental protection programs and projects for the efficient use of natural resources. The existing natural resources are linked to the biological landscapes of the forests, wetlands, humid tropical forests, coastal swamps and special landscapes.
At present, environmental degradation in the republic, reduction of forests, meadows, agricultural lands, complete destruction in some places, disturbance or reduction of the biodiversity of a number of plants and animals increases the relevance of ecology and environmental assessment.
In this regard, the analysis of the environmental situation by analyzing the environmental situation as a result of land reform in the republic, forest ecosystem coverage of Sheki-Zagatala cadastre, development of tourism in the region and exploitation of single polymetallic deposits in the Greater Caucasus (Filizchay, Balakan region), can be considered as a matter of time.
The Sheki-Zagatala economic district, which is one of the richest regions of the Republic of Azerbaijan, is located in the north-western part of the Great Caucasus Mountains, covering the territory of the Balakan, Zagatala, Gakh, Sheki, Oguz, and Gabala administrative regions. In the north-west and south of the Alazan River, the Republic of Georgia, from the north to the southern slope of the Greater Caucasus, with the Dagestan MR, and the Alazan-Haftaran valley and the southern part of the Aghinohur It is bordered by Goychay regions.
Low and mid-mountainous areas are predominant in the districts included in this administrative area. The total area of Sheki-Zagatala region is 380.9 thousand hectares. Out of 188.6 thousand hectares of agricultural land, 116.8 thousand hectares are pastures. The region covers the southern slopes of the Greater Caucasus natural-agricultural region. Between the altitude points to the east (650 m) and to the west (550 m), the area covers an area of up to 2500 m. The relief is mainly mountainous [11-13]. The mountainous terrain itself is divided into high-altitude, medium-mountainous and lowland foothills. In the south the Alazan-Haftaran valley extends from west to east parallel to the foothills. Changes of relief conditions in the area in very complex and sharp vertical slopes have led to the formation of various climatic types. Thus, the semi-desert, dry gray and cold tundra climatic zones are distributed unevenly in connection with the elevation of the south-west to the north -east. The region is characterized by a very complex shape in the fragmented relief of the area, ranging from a distance of up to 4,480 m to the high Bazarduzu Mount, starting at approximately 100 meters from the coast of Acinohur Desert. Widespread erosion here also plays a major role in the relief. Frequent floods in the region are caused by the large river network and the slopes, as well as high rainfall. Sub-tropical
areas with altitudes ranging from 500 to 700 m above sea level, with mild, cool and cold climate prevailing above. The most arid area of the area is the area of Acinohur (300-350 mm) and the most humid places (1000-1300 mm) are moderately high mountainous areas. Mountain-meadow, mountain-meadow-forest, brown-mountain-forest, brown-mountain-forest, meadow-brown, gray-brown, mountain-chestnut, chestnut, gray, meadow-forest and grassland are widespread. The area is rich and has a unique landscape. The region is one of the most wooded areas of Azerbaijan [14, 15].
In the plains areas of the area there are plains forests of alfalfa, winged berries, pine nuts, hybrid pumpkins, and long oak. There are coniferous species, algae and Iberian oak forests in areas with brown grassland. Alpine rugs with low grasses are common on the
Alpine (2600-3200 m). They include alpine chamomile, alpine fragrance, alpine mammals, Caucasian hills, alpine cliffs, and so on.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION It covers 883,500 hectares, or 10.2 % of the total territory of the republic, covering administrative districts Balakan, Zagatala, Gakh, Sheki, Oguz and Gabala. The relief is mainly mountainous. The mountainous terrain itself is divided into high-altitude, medium-mountainous and lowland foothills. In the south the Alazan-Haftaran valley extends from west to east parallel to the foothills. The valley plays an important role in the region's economy in terms of land resources suitable for agriculture. On the basis of cadastral area and stock materials, the composition of the soil cover was determined and the areas by type and subtype were calculated as % (%), (Table 1).
№ N-SÍ Type and subtypes Area
ha %
1 2 3 4
1 Primitive and peat-mountain meadow 37092 4,2
2 The grassy meadow 40778 4,6
4 Gray mountain meadow 12576 1,4
5 Meadows 5938 0,7
6 Typical brown mountain forest 153681 17,4
7 Partly brownish forest with carbonate residue 89506 10,1
12 Washed brown mountain forest 31472 3,6
13 Typical brown mountain forest 6606 0,7
14 Carbonated and partially brown forest 3394 0,4
15 Washed and typical mountain black 6872 0,8
16 Carbonated rock 22790 2,6
18 Light mountain gray-brown 18110 2,0
19 Dark and ordinary mountain chestnuts 6032 0,7
20 Partly rotten-sulfate (limestone) and underdeveloped mountain chestnut 7745 0,9
21 Typical and carbonate meadow-brown 41735 4,7
24 Dark and ordinary chestnut 23747 2,7
25 Partial residue was saline open chestnut 46979 5,3
29 Typical gray 4988 0,6
30 Light and primary gray 7375 0,8
34 Partly salty and salty gray and grayish 7002 0,8
35 Washed and carbonated meadow-forest 171138 19,4
36 Flood alluvial- grassland 69682 7,9
37 Marshy grassland and marsh 3944 0,4
Table 1 -Composition of the soil cover of the region
Table 1 -Composition of the soil cover of the region (Continued)
1 2 3 4
38 Solonotz (deluvial aluvial and handle) 6795 0,8
43 Crushed-stone river basin 23981 2,7
44 Bare rocks and various rocks on the surface 33533 3,8
Total 883491 100
The following 5 types (typical mountain-brown, carbonated mountain-forest brown, crushed carbonate mountain -brown, washed-mountain brown, typical mountain-forest brown for grading for the first half year - the generalization stage is completed. The optimum parameters are selected and, accordingly, the phase of the
basic bonitet scale has begun, reaching 020,0-50,0-100 cm (Table 2).
In order to compile the basic bonitet scale of the Shaki-Zagatala cadastral lands, some of the soils taken in previous years were analyzed and mathematical statistical analysis was conducted on fertility parameters (Table 3, 4).
Table 2 - Ecological Evaluation Scale of Sheki-Zagatala Cadastral District
The name of the soils £ и V £ - и g Ш 0 и '■У.
bp и и -с T5 - U -T- - s u
[Л и il, и □ О S —1 V t)0 _ç с u i^:
typical mountain 1500-2000 16-20 6,5 1000-1200 0,45-0.50 100 6,6 40,32 92
forest brown 100 58 90 100 90 100 100
mountain forest 1300-1700 14-13 6,5 300-1000 0,35-0,45 36 7,4 42,54 33
brown carbonate 100 65 90 30 100 30 90
mountain brown 14-13 3,5 600-900 0,35-0,45 70 7,5 45,13 35
carbonated steppe 100 65 100 30 100 30 90
mountain forest 1000-1500 10-15 3,5 600-300 0,25-0,35 6,9 40,0
leached brown 90 70 90 100 90 96 100 100 91
mountain forest 1000-1200 10-15 10,4 600-300 0,25-0,35 7,0 43,16
irown typical 90 70 100 100 90 90 100 100 30
CONCLUSION The following 5 types (mountain forest brown carbonate, typical mountain-forest brown, mountain forest brown typical, mountain forest leached brown, steppe carbonate mountain forest browns) are summarized for the first half-year the stage is completed. The optimum parameters were selected and adjusted to the depths of 0-20, 0-50, 0-100 cm, and the basic bonitet scale phase was initiated, and the basic bonitet scale was drawn up. typical mountain forest brown - bonitet scale of the soils were taken by 100 points and were evaluated accordingly with mountain forest brown carbonate - 86, steppe carbonate mountain forest browns -
70, mountain forest leached brown - 96, mountain forest brown typical - 90 points. Criteria for the environmental assessment of the 5 soil types of the Shaki-Zagatala cadastral district were selected and the evaluation criteria were developed. These criteria are as follows. An environmental assessment scale has been compiled according to parameters of height (m), Temperature 00 C, precipitation mm, Md, pH, granulometric composition < 0.01 mm %.
Ecological scores were obtained for the typical mountain-forest brown - 92, mountain forest brown carbonate - 88, mountain brown carbonated steppe - 85, mountain forest leached brown - 91, and mountain forest brown typical - 80 points.
Indicators Depth, cm Average price, M,% Average square deviation, % Changing coefficient, C,% Average error, m,% Accuracy, indicas P,% Reliability, Level, t Quantity observe,n
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Typical brown mountain forest
Humus, % 0-20 5,09 0,9 17,6 0,28 5,5 18,18 10
0-50 3,59 1,01 28,1 0,32 8,91 11,2 10
Nitrogen, % 0-20 0,30 0,04 13,3 0,01 3,3 30,0 10
0-50 0,21 0,02 9,5 0,007 3,33 30,0 10
Phosphorus,% 0-20 0,21 0,026 12,3 0,008 3,8 26,25 10
0-50 0,19 0,027 14,2 0,008 4,21 23,75 10
Potassium,% 0-20 4,23 0,09 2,12 0,05 1,18 84,6 4
0-50 4,19 0,08 1,91 0,05 1,19 83,8 4
Sum abserved base -ekv/100 qr.of soils 0-20 31,07 5,8 18,6 1,82 5,85 17,07 10
0-50 28,24 5,15 18,2 1,62 5,73 17,4 10
Carbonated mountain forest brown
Humus, % 0-20 4,11 0,58 17,11 0,18 4,37 22,8 10
0-50 3,15 0,64 20,31 0,20 6,34 15,75 10
0-100 2,36 0,26 11,01 0,09 3,81 26,22 7
Nitrogen, % 0-20 0,27 0,06 22,2 0,018 6,7 15,0 10
0-50 0,21 0,036 17,14 0,01 4,76 21,0 10
Phosphorus,% 0-20 0,20 0,017 8,5 0,005 2,5 40,0 10
0-50 0,17 0,023 13,5 0,007 4,11 24,2 10
Potassium,% 0-20 2,88 0,38 13,19 0,21 7,29 14,0 4
0-50 2,76 0,42 8,69 0,24 15,21 11,5 4
Sum abserved base -ekv/100 qr.of soils 0-20 38,01 4,4 11,57 1,39 3,65 27,3 10
0-50 35,3 7,5 21,24 2,37 6,71 14,89 10
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Steppe carbonate mountain brown
Humus, % 0-20 3,23 0,57 11,5 0,18 5,57 18,0 10
0-50 2,63 0,30 11,4 0,09 3,42 29,2 10
0-100 1,60 0,36 22,5 0,13 8,12 12,3 7
Nitrogen, % 0-20 0,24 0,027 11,25 0,009 3,75 27,0 10
0-50 0,19 0,021 11,0 0,0075 3,94 25,3 10
Phosphorus, % 0-20 0,19 0,031 16,3 0,01 5,26 19,0 8
0-50 0,16 0,027 16,87 0,009 5,62 18,0 8
Potassium,% 0-20 2,71 0,12 4,42 0,06 2,21 45,1 4
0-50 2,52 0,05 1,98 0,035 1,02 84,0 4
Sum abserved base -ekv/100 qr.Of soils 0-20 29,95 3,35 11,1 1,06 3,53 28,2 10
0-50 22,09 2,59 11,7 0,81 3,66 21,28 10
Washed mountain brown
Humus, % 0-20 4,43 1,03 23,25 0,29 6,54 15,27 12
0-50 2,54 0,53 20,8 0,15 5,96 17,0 12
0-100 1,93 0,41 21,2 0,14 7.25 14,0 8
Nitrogen, % 0-20 0,26 0,05 11,5 0,009 3,46 29,0 10
0-50 0,19 0,034 17,8 0,01 5,26 19,0 10
Phosphorus, % 0-20 0,23 0,03 13,0 0,009 3,91 25,5 10
0-50 0,20 0,026 13,0 0,008 4,0 25,0 10
Potassium,% 0-20 4,23 0,09 0,05 2,13 1,18 85,0 4
0-50 4,13 0,09 0,05 1,94 1,21 83,0 4
Sum abserved base -ekv/100 qr.Of soils 0-20 24,72 5,73 23,17 1,73 6,99 14,2 11
0-50 20,11 2,7 13,42 1,0 4,97 20,11 11
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Typical mountain brown
Humus, % 0-20 4,06 1,09 27,0 0,34 8,37 12,0 10
0-50 2,57 0,29 11,2 0,09 3,5 28,5 10
0-100 1,79 0,26 14,5 0,08 4,46 22,37 10
Nitrogen, % 0-20 0,22 0,032 14,5 0,01 4,54 22,0 10
0-50 0,16 0,017 10,62 0,005 3,12 32,0 10
Phosphorus,% 0-20 0,19 0,027 14,21 0,01 5,26 19,0 7
0-50 0,17 0,02 11,76 0,007 4,11 24,28 7
Potassium,% 0-20 4,01 0,15 3,74 0,075 1,87 53,46 4
0-50 3,78 0,125 3,3 0,06 1,58 63,0 4
Sum abserved base -mq-ekv.100 qr.of soils 0-20 33,35 5,34 16,01 1,68 5,03 20,0 10
0-50 29,89 6,48 22,0 2,05 6,85 14,5 10
Table 4 - The basic bonitet scale of the Shaki-Zagatala cadastral district
The name of solis Humus, t/ha scale Nitrogen, t/ ha scale Phosphorus, t/ha scale Potassium, t/ ha scale Sum abserved base, mq-ekv. 0-20 sm 0-50 sm 0-100 sm Boni tet scale
0-20 0-50 0-100 0-20 0-50 0-20 0-50 0-20 0-50 0-20 0-50
mountain forest brown carbonate 83,84 81 176.40 87 264.95 75 5.51 90 11.76 100 4.08 95 9.52 89 58,75 68 154.56 65 38,01 122 35,30 125 91 93 75 86
typical mountain forest brown 103,8 4 100 201.04 100 287.92 100 6.12 100 11,76 100 4.28 100 10,64 100 86,29 100 234.64 100 31,07 100 28,24 100 100 100 100 100
mountain forest brown typical 95,82 91 160.63 79 227.33 79 5.19 84 10,00 85 4.48 104 10,62 99 94,64 109 236.25 100 33,35 107 29,89 105 99 94 79 90
mountain forest leached brown 104,5 5 100 158.75 79 245.11 85 6.14 100 11,88 101 5.43 126 12,50 117 99,83 115 258.12 110 24,72 79 20,11 105 104 100 85 96
steppe carbonate mountain forest browns 76,46 74 133.75 66 205.74 71 4.25 69 8.13 69 3.30 77 7.50 70 55,93 64 142.50 60 26,65 85 23,02 71 74 67 71 70
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TYmH К.А. Кафарбейли1 ШЕКА-ЗАКАТАЛ КАДАСТРЛЬЩ AMMAFblHblH, КЕЙБ1Р АУДАНДАРЫН ЭКОЛОГИЯЛЬЩ БАFАЛАУ
Эзiрбайжан ¥ГА топырацтану жэне агрохимия институты, AZ1073, Баку, М. Рагим квшеа, 5, дзiрбайжан, e-mail: [email protected]
Мак;алада географияльщ орналасуы, топография, теселетш жыныстар, климат жэне топырак; сипатталган. Топырактыц физикалык; жэне химиялык; параметрлершщ непзшде топырактыц экологиялык; жагдаиы сипатталды жэне орнату шкалаларын паидалана отырып, топыракты экологиялык; багалау жYргiзiлдi. Топырак; жагдаиларын экологиялык; багалау критериилерш тацдау олардьщ орналасу ерекшелiктерiмен, генезиймен, буферизациялануымен, эр тYрлiлiгiмен, топырактыц азып-тозуыньщ эр тYрлi дэрежеймен алкаптарды паидалану жэне есепке алумен аньщталады.
ТYйiндi свздер: топырак;, экологиялык багалау, тозу, кунарлылы; гранулометриялы; курам, гумус.
РЕЗЮМЕ К.А. Кафарбейли1
ЭКОЛОГИЧЕСКАЯ ОЦЕНКА НЕКОТОРЫХ РАЙОНОВ ШЕКИ-ЗАКАТАЛЬСКОГО
КАДАСТРАЛЬНОГО РЕГИОНА
1Институт Почвоведения и Агрохимии, НАНА, AZ1073, Баку,ул. М. Рагима, 5, Азербайджан, e-mail: [email protected] В статье описывается географическое положение, топография, подстилающие породы, климат и почвы. На основании физических, химических параметров почв было охарактеризовано экологическое состояние почв, и с использованием установочных шкал, проведена экологическая их оценка. Выбор критериев экологическои оценки почвенных условии определяется особенностями их расположения, генезиса, буферизации, разнообразия, использования и учета площадеи с различнои степенью деградации почвы.
Ключевые слова: почва, экологическая оценка, деградация, плодородие, грануломет-рическии состав, гумус
