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25ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКИЕ НАУКИ
ENSURING EFFECTIVE USE OF LOCAL BUDGET FUNDS: WHAT IS THE ROOT CAUSE
OF THE PROBLEM?
Ismoilova Sanobarkhon Yakubovna
teacher, Ferghana State University, Uzbekistan
Abstract. This paper is about fundamentals of ensuring effective use of local budget funds and its consequences.
Key words: local budget, financial mistakes, budget expenditure, general principles, Getting the maximum efficiency for the minimum cost, free budget allocations
In a market economy, everyone tries to use the available funds as effectively as possible. This is a separate derived individual, family, business, etc. will be affected. However, despite this, observations of life and scientific research have shown that this problem becomes more complex as it goes from the bottom up. In particular, one of these challenges is the effective use of funds within local budgets. However, in our opinion, there is a certain paradox here. This is due to the fact that countries operating in market relations and in civilized countries of the world (USA, Canada, Germany, great Britain, France, Austria, Holland, Italy, Japan, South Korea, etc.).).d) this problem has already been successfully solved. No one doubts that the funds allocated from local budgets in these countries are spent effectively. But if we talk about the efficiency of spending funds on the accounts of local budgets in Uzbekistan, unfortunately, this can not be said.
However, Uzbekistan also pays serious attention to the effective use of local budget funds, especially last years. The activities of the Ministry of Finance and its subordinate bodies, as well as other relevant competent bodies (in particular, the accounts chamber) are aimed at ensuring the effective use of funds, including local budgets. Despite this, in our view, ensuring the effective use of local budget funds in Uzbekistan is not at the level of the requirements of a modern market economy. For these purposes, must be carried out inspection, which revealed numerous financial mistakes on the control objects, the size of the detected amounts of financial mistakes, allowed a deficit of funds and material values, and their assimilation, are illegal expenditure, etc. they allow us to conclude the same way. In these circumstances, it is natural that an important question is put on the agenda about where the root denial of the solution to this problem is. In this article, we will try to answer basically the same question.
First of all, it should be noted that the use of expenditures of any budget, including local budgets, is also carried out at the expense of budget financing. In this regard, it should be noted that in general terms, when it comes to budget, you need to understand the system of providing funds from the budget entities to implement the plan's measures. The same system is characterized by specific forms and methods of providing funds, as well as relying on a specific set of seals. In turn,the principles, forms and methods of financing from the budget are considered as structural elements of this system and have an impact on the results of its implementation (in particular, on its effectiveness too). Entering a new stage of its strategic development, the importance of a rational and effective system of budget financing from the point of view of ensuring efficiency at the present time, which solves important socio-economic problems in Uzbekistan, increases even more. Speaking about the basics of ensuring the effective use of local budget funds, it should be recognized that the principles of financing play an important role in this process, first of all. In this regard, it should be noted that the principles of financing from the local budget, applied in practice, can be divided into general and private groups. Naturally, the general principles will apply to the activities of all entities that will receive funds from the local budget. And private principles determine the procedure for providing local budget funds, depending on the organization of the subjects ' activities. Below we will focus, in particular, on the general principles of financing from the local budget, which play a fundamental (root) role in ensuring the effective use of local budget funds. International practice shows that the general principles of financing from the local budget can be as follows:
1. Get the maximum (high) effect by spending the Minimum (less). Local budget funds should be provided only when the maximum effect of their use is ensured. This effect can be expressed, on the one hand, in the solution of various tasks of socio-economic development of the country, and on the other hand, in the redistribution of funds to the local budget due to the growth of income of recipients of local budget allocations. Now, if we take into account those that are reflected in this paragraph 1, it is natural that the following questions will be put on the agenda: a) are local budget funds provided in our country's practice at the highest level of their use at all times? b) how do they pay attention to this aspect of the issue when providing funds from local budgets? C) how are various tasks of socio-economic development of our country solved as a result of providing funds from these budgets? d) what positive changes are taking place in this direction? d) is there a redistribution of funds to the local budget due to the growth of income of recipients of local budget allocations? and so on. Based on the actual situation in our country, we believe that it is inappropriate to give a positive answer to any of these questions (except in rare cases, if any). Therefore, the first logical conclusion that can be drawn here is that in the practice of financing from local
budgets, it is impossible to ensure the effective use of local budget funds in our country if they do not strive to obtain maximum (high) efficiency at the expense of minimum (low) costs;
2. Target characteristics of the use of local budget allocations. Legal entities can receive funds from the local budget based on a pre-determined and approved budget. Strict compliance with this principle prevents inefficient use of local budget allocations.
Now let's pay attention to how the requirements of this principle are observed in our country, although only slightly. Even the results of a superficial or superficial analysis may indicate insufficient compliance with the requirements of this principle in the process of using local budget funds. This is evidenced by the results of inspections conducted by special controlling bodies of the financial Department and the accounting chamber, both complete and continuous. Therefore, the second logical conclusion to be drawn here is as follows: until the target characteristic of the use of local budget allocations is fully achieved in practice, ensuring the effective use of funds from these budgets remains problematic;
3. Implementation of the planned plans and provision of budget funds, taking into account the use of previously provided allocations. The dependence of budget financing on the performance of indicators allows financial authorities to exercise effective and efficient control over the activities of enterprises, organizations and institutions.
Despite this, there is a lot of evidence that it is not always possible to ensure the correct proportionality between the implementation of plans envisaged in practice and the allocation of funds from local budgets, as well as the use of previously provided allocations, and the provision of funds from these budgets. This, in turn, indicates that this principle is not fully implemented (not implemented)in the practice of our country. Therefore, if the plans envisaged in practice are not implemented in a timely manner and are not used to the full extent of the previously provided allocations, then it is necessary to strictly observe that there are appropriate changes in this process. The third logical conclusion that follows from this, in our opinion, can be formulated as follows: it is impossible to imagine without curves from the provision of budget funds, taking into account the implementation of plans that provide for the effective use of local budget funds, and how previously the provided allocations were used;
4. Non-repayment of budget allocations. Budget allocations are provided to entities on the condition that they are not subject to mandatory return to the budget. This, of course, has its reasons. After all, budgetary institutions, first of all (as a rule), do not engage in entrepreneurial activity (almost or literally). However, despite this, it should be noted that over the next few decades, both in our country and in the market economy, in terms of the content of this principle, although a little, changes need to be made. In our opinion, one of the principles that, despite its objective basis, cannot have a sufficient impact on ensuring effective spending of local budgets is that budget allocations are not refundable. In fact, this principle, in our opinion, represents calmness, apathy, irresponsibility, irresponsibility in relation to the fate of the user of budget funds, and so on. Such sentiments give rise to the fact that all of them, in a certain sense, contradict the nature of the market economy. Therefore, the question of the relationship to the essence and meaning of this principle should be reconsidered, taking into account the fact that in our country there is a market economy and increased opportunities for budgetary institutions to engage in business activities. The fourth logical conclusion that follows from this can be formulated as follows: the principle of non-repayment of budget allocations is a principle that has the opposite effect on ensuring the effective use of local budget funds. Therefore, its content and form should be revised, at least taking into account the changes that have occurred in the socio-economic sphere of our country in subsequent periods;
5. Free budgetary allocations. Allocations from the budget are allocated to entities in the form of interest without paying any revenue to the state or other forms of payment for allocations. As can be seen from this, there are also aspects of this principle that have a positive impact on ensuring the effective use of local budget funds. After all, in our wise people, the words of the tribe "there will be no value for something unearthly" are not in vain pronounced and do not require proof. Thus, within the framework of this article, we have tried to analyze the general principles of budget financing, including ensuring the effective use of local budget funds, based on the requirements of the modern market economy and draw appropriate conclusions from them. Based on them, we can make the following general drawing, in our opinion:
General principles of budget financing
Getting the maximum efficiency for the minimum cost Target spending of budget allocations Provision of budget funds taking into account the implementation of planned plans and profitability of previously provided allocations Non-repayment of budget allocations free budget allocation s
1 r 1
Positive Negative
affects
Figurel. Fundamentals of ensuring effective use of local budget funds and its consequences28
1. As can be seen from the position shown in Fig. 1, the general principles of financing from the budget, which are considered as the basis for ensuring the effective use of local budget funds, are divided into two groups, the first three of which are (minimum) expenditures and obtaining maximum (high) efficiency; target characteristics of the use of budget allocations; it is obvious that the implementation of the planned plans and the provision of budget funds (taking into account the use of previously provided allocations) will have a positive impact on the achievement of this goal. However, in comparison with the last two of them (non-repayment of budget allocations; turnover of budget allocations), in our opinion, such an opinion cannot be expressed. They, on the contrary, create feelings of indifference, irresponsibility, and, consequently, contrary to the nature of the market economy, which ensure the effective spending of these funds. In this situation, the emphasis on them as general principles of budget financing, from our point of view, does not have a sufficient basis. They, on the contrary, create feelings of indifference, irresponsibility, and, consequently, contrary to the nature of the market economy, which ensure the effective spending of these funds. In this situation, the emphasis on them as General principles of budget financing, from our point of view, does not have a sufficient basis.
2. In general, since the quality of the basis for ensuring the effective use of local budget funds is considered in the General principles of budget financing, based on the above, in our opinion, several conclusions can be formulated here. In our opinion, the most important of them are:
1. The basis for ensuring effective use of local budget funds is generally recognized (including in international practice) General principles of budget financing. It is impossible to solve the problem of ensuring the effective use of local budget funds without their strict compliance and achievement;
2. General principles of budget financing, such as obtaining maximum (high) efficiency with minimal (low) costs, target characteristics of the use of budget allocations, as well as the implementation of planned plans and the provision of budget funds taking into account the use of previously provided allocations, have a positive impact on ensuring the effective use of local budget funds. Therefore, in practice, if possible, it is necessary to achieve full compliance with the requirements of these principles;
3. General principles of budget financing, such as the irrevocability of budget allocations and fixing budget allocations, have a negative impact on ensuring the effective use of local budget funds, including. Therefore, it should be clarified that they are also recognized as General principles of budget financing;
4. Since the general principles of budget financing, such as gratuitous and non-refundable use of budget allocations, do not have a positive impact on ensuring the effective use of local budget funds, it is advisable to refuse to Express them in this form and content;
5. Taking into account the requirements of the modern market economy, integrating the new content into the principles of non-transparency of budget allocations and their irrevocability, it is necessary to formulate this principle in the form and content of "budget allocations that are actually taxpayers ' funds, have the character of repayment in the form of uncertainty and social efficiency".
In our opinion, the conclusions formulated above are of fundamental importance, and their consideration can make a worthy contribution to ensuring the effective use of local budget funds, including in a modern market economy.
28 Developed by the author based on the results of the study 46
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6. The Role of Income and Location in Racial/Ethnic Differences on Loan Denial in three Mississippi Counties Okechukwu Anyamele, Gail Fulgham, Jean-Claude Assad Journal of Economics and Development Studies, 5(3), pp. 1-12DOI: 10.15640/jeds.v5n3a1URL:http://dx.doi.org/10.15640/jeds.v5n3a1
СПОСОБЫ ЭФФЕКТИВНОГО РАЗВИТИЯ ИНВЕСТИЦИОННОЙ ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТИ ПРЕДПРИЯТИЙ РЕАЛЬНОГО СЕКТОРА
Олимова Нодира Хамракуловна
Кандидат экономических наук, доцент, заведующий кафедрой экономики и сервиса, Ферганский государственный университет,
Узбекистан Ахунова Огулхан Эргашовна Старший преподаватель кафедры экономики и сервиса, Ферганский государственный университет,
Узбекистан
Аннотация. В целях обеспечения свободного притока иностранных инвестиций в экономику и формирования инфраструктуры в соответствии с международными требованиями в данной статье рассматриваются институциональные изменения, то есть нормативные акты, стандарты и требования, улучшенные структуры управления, способы повышения привлекательности инвестиционного климата в Узбекистане. Актуальность данной статьи основана на вопросах выявления масштабного привлечения прямых иностранных инвестиций, реализации задач, поставленных другими нормативными актами, направленных на повышение ее эффективности.
Annotation. In order to ensure a free inflow of foreign investment into the economy and the formation of infrastructure in accordance with international requirements, this article discusses institutional changes, that is, regulations, standards and requirements, improved governance structures, ways to increase the attractiveness of the investment climate in Uzbekistan. The relevance of this article is based on the issues of identifying large-scale attraction of foreign direct investment, the implementation of the tasks set by other regulations aimed at increasing its efficiency.
Ключевые слова: инвестиции, иностранные инвестиции, социально-экономическое развитие, конкуренция, реальный сектор, маркетинг.
Key words: investments, foreign investments, socio-economic development, competition, real sector, marketing.
Уровень экономического развития страны напрямую связан с развитием инвестиционной деятельности, которая сама по себе напрямую связана с маркетинговой средой. Важно эффективно использовать рыночные механизмы для создания необходимых условий для привлечения инвестиций в национальную экономику. Экономические, политические, социальные и правовые условия в стране, а также эффективное формирование конкурентной среды служат расширению всех существующих возможностей для привлечения инвестиций. Соответственно, для эффективного привлечения инвестиций Фергане необходимо формирование эффективной рыночной среды в регионе.
Ферганская область - один из регионов с относительно высоким уровнем инвестиционной активности. Несмотря на то, что в рамках модернизации ключевых секторов экономики, реализации крупных инвестиционных проектов в рамках государственных программ наблюдается рост стоимости инвестиций в регионе, негативная тенденция сохраняется.
В 2005-2019 годах общий объем инвестиций в экономику Ферганской области превысил 16 трлн сумов, а за эти годы увеличился в среднем на 12,3%.
