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10ENERGY SAVING AT HOME
Mardasova E.
Student of Faculty of Automation Mechatronics and Management, Don state technical University, Rostov-on-Don
Abstract
This article discusses ways to save energy at home. And well, it is, what are the most cost-effective analogues can be replaced by standard home appliances.
Keyword: Energy saving, motion sensor mixers, led light bulbs, induction cooker, inverter oven.
Nowadays, a huge amount of effort, money and time is spent on the search for alternative sources of food and ways to save the resources of our planet, as the latter are rapidly ending. As one of the options out of this deplorable situation is to start with ourselves. Water and electricity are integral parts of our daily lives. With the right approach, you can reduce the consumption of these resources in your own homes without harm to yourself and for the benefit of the environment.
For example, it is possible to install mixers with motion sensor.[1]The principle of operation is very simple: the sensor detects movement in a certain area and the water starts to go, the movement stops and the water turns off. At the same time, we independently determine in advance the desired water temperature and the time after which the water is turned off after the registration by the motion sensor. Mixers with sensors are not very different in price from conventional mixers, it all depends on the manufacturer. According to statistics, this mixer pays for itself in 7-12 months. It is not necessary to adjust each time the water and worry that suddenly distracted and left the tap open.
It is also possible to reduce energy consumption by installing led bulbs.[2]Today it is the most economical light bulbs. A few years ago, these bulbs were about 33 times more expensive than others. Now it is more expensive than usual about 4 times, if you take the average cost of conventional lamps 20 rubles. The payback of led lamps is 1 or 1.5 years. At the same time, these lamps are much longer, but many factors depend on the manufacturers and the intensity of operation.
In addition, you can buy an induction cooker.[3] This electric stove heats up metal utensils induced eddy currents generated by high-frequency magnetic field. In other words, it does not warm itself, it warms special dishes. This is due to the fact that not every material reacts to this electromagnetic field. Such plates heat the contents of the container immediately after switching on. No time is spent on heating the stove itself. Also, this equipment is safer because there is no risk of getting burned when touching even the included plate. The main advantage of induction cooker is energy saving. All radiated energy is transferred to the tank and well, not to the environment. This is more economical than conventional plates about 2 times and pays for itself in 1 or 1.5 years.
Another way to reduce the cost of electricity is the replacement of the conventional microwave oven in inverter microwave.[4] The difference in designs is small. In a conventional microwave oven magnetron is powered by the transformer. In an inverter furnace, it absorbs energy from the inverter. At the same time, the
second furnace has undeniable advantages over the standard microwave oven. First, inverter ovens have a Turbo mode that defrosts food 2 times faster. Second, it weighs lighter than conventional microwave ovens because the transformer is heavier than the inverter. Third, there is no rotating plate in the inverter furnace. This means that we do not depend on the size of the pallet. The containers that we want to put there should be placed at the bottom. Fourthly, it requires less energy because without jumps changes the power of microwaves. Fifth, such furnaces serve much longer. Inverter furnaces are more expensive but after some time this difference in price will return due to energy saving and service life. This time depends on the manufacturer and capacity of the furnace.
It is believed that the use of Underfloor heating as the main heating system is an energy-saving solu-tion.[5] That's not true. First of all, warm floors are not able to warm the room. Also, this system consumes a lot of electricity.
In private homes, homes without Central heating or even open space infrared heating can be used.[6] This is the heating system of the room when the heat is not transmitted through the air and well at once to people and objects. This system has an impressive number of advantages. The first of them, it immediately heats the objects in the access area. Also, it is safe for human and animal health. This system serves up to 30 years. Reduces heating costs by about 40%. Infrared heating takes up very little space because it is a film that is installed on the ceiling or walls. Finally, it is the most energy-saving heating system today because no energy is spent on heating the air.
In apartments the situation is different. We can't disconnect from the Central heating and whatever we do with our batteries we all pay the same. Therefore, it makes sense to install a heat meter at 1 input to the apartment so that everyone pays for the energy that he consumes for heating. In this case, people who consume it in unreasonably large quantities would be forced to take measures to reduce energy consumption. Also, everyone could completely abandon the Central heating and switch to infrared heating.
In conclusion, we can say that in all the above methods the principle is the same. It is to buy a more expensive analog device that will consume less power. In addition, such analogues tend to fall in price. Over time, these prices will be equal. A high role will be played by knowledge of existing alternative types of devices. Progress does not stand still and devices make more energy-saving. It is very important to keep up
with the progress and keep in mind the need to reduce the amount of resources used.
REFERENCES:
1. https://vash.market / House-And-Cottage / building-and-repair / plumbing-and-water/select-touch-mixer.html
2. http ://220blog.ru/pro -raschet/realnaya-okupaemost-svetodiodnyx-lamp.html
3. http://proverilnasebe.com/index.php/goods-reviews/equipment/242-induction-cooker.html
4. https://cosmo-frost.ru/svch/chto-takoe-inver-tornaya-mikrovolnovaya-pech-princip-raboty-modeli-
otzyvy/
5. http://klivent.biz/otopleniye/dlina-infrakras-noj -volny. html#i
6. https://sistema-otopleniya.ru/infrakrasnoe-otoplenie/jenergosberegajushhee-infrakrasnoe-otople-nie.html
CALCULATION OF CORRECTIONS ON THE VARIABILITY OF THERMOPHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF LIQUIDS AND GASES IN THE INVESTIGATION IN THE REGULAR
HEAT MODE OF THE FIRST KIND
Naziyev J.
doctor of technical sciences, professor of «Physics» department of Azerbaijan State University of Oil and Industry (Baku, Azerbaijan)
Abstract
Simple correction formulas are obtained for calculating the thermal conductivity and isobaric heat capacity of liquids and gases using the regular cooling (heating) method. These corrections take into account inconsistencies in the cooling rate, thermal diffusivity and thermal conductivity coefficients when measurements are going by the regular mode method of the first kind.
Keywords: liquids and gases, thermophysical properties, regular mode method of the first kind, thermal conductivity, calorimeter.
Taking into account the corrections for the variability of the thermophysical characteristics of substances in precision measurements of the thermophysi-cal properties of liquids and gases is of great practical importance. However, expressions that can be used to calculate corrections due to the influence of the variability of the cooling rate (heating m), thermal diffusiv-ity a and thermal conductivity I when measured using the regular condition of the first kind are not known. Temperature field solutions obtained by E.S. Platunov used by many researchers [1, p. 750-760], [2, p. 12-22] for thermal conditions of the first kind are for a solid cylinder and therefore they cannot be used for calculating calorimeter equations for measuring the thermal conductivity of liquids and gases, as they are based on solving the problem of temperature distribution in a thin cylindrical layer of the test substance. A similar solution was made for the case of periodic heating [3, p. 856-859].
The purpose of this article is to derive simple equations for calculating these corrections for the method of a cylindrical bicalorimeter, the error of which is evaluated as 1 - 1.5%.
The calculation equation to determine the thermal conductivity of liquids and gases with constant m, a, I was derived
cR m ln s
A =-Ax
2 S
(1)
or A = KqmS
1 +
2 C_ 3(s +1) C1
(2)
where C1, C is the total heat capacity of the core material and the liquid under study; s=R2/R1 is the ratio of the outer and inner radii of the investigated annular layer; 5 = R2-R1 is the layer thickness; K= R1/ ô ln s -form coefficient; y= C1/F ; F is the surface area of the core; ; c1, c - volumetric heat capacities of the core and liquid.
Taking into account corrections for the variability of m, a, 1, the equation (1) takes the form
A =
cR m ln s 2
AS(1 + s)
(3)
where £=£m +Sa + £ A , £ m , £a , £ A - cor-
rection terms on the cooling rate and coefficients of thermal diffusivity and thermal conductivity.
Let's determine s for which we use the equation of temperature difference of the cylindrical layer under study, taking into account
0 = 0O+A0 , (4)
where 0O is the temperature difference when the values of m, a, X are constant;
A0 - correction term for the variability of ther-mophysical characteristics;
