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Hayxoeuu eicnuK flHYBMET iMeni C.3. f^uцbкого
Tom 11 № 3(42) Hacmuna 1, 2009
©
Jozef Nicpon, Krzysztof Kubiak, Marcin Jankowski, Jolanta Spuzak
Department of Internal Diseases with Clinic for Horses, Dogs and Cats, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Environmental and Life Sciences, pl. Grunwaldzki
47, 50-366 Wroclaw, Poland
ENDOSCOPIC DIAGNOSTIC GASTRIC TUMOURS IN DOGS
Key words: endoscopy, stomach, tumor, dog
Introduction
Gastric tumours in dogs are a relatively rare reason for medical consultations as they represent less than 1 % of all diagnosed tumours in those species. No definitive etiology is known, although long-term administration of nitrosamines may induce carcinomas in dogs. They are more common in older dogs. Tumours of the stomach may be benign, eg. leiomyoma, adenomatous polyps or malignant, eg. adenocarcinoma, lymphosarcoma, fibrosarcoma, leiomyosarcoma. Adenocarcinoma accounts for 70% to 80 % of cancer of the canine stomach. The most common symptoms of the gastric tumors are: vomiting, lack of appetite, changeable appetite and weight loss. In the vomited matter there may appear fresh blood and clots. Also „coffee grounds" vomiting is observed. Tumors of the stomach occur most commonly on the lesser curvature and gastric antrum. Diagnostic of the gastric tumors should be based on: anamnesis, clinical examination, results as well as additional examinations (hematological and biochemical blood examination, radiological examination, ultrasound examination of abdominal cavities, endoscopic examination) (1, 2, 3, 4).
Task, the aim of the article
The aim of the study was to evaluate the usefulness of the gastroscopy in diagnostics of the gastric tumors.
Material and methods
Described in article clinical cases included dogs which were referred to the endoscopic laboratory of the Departament of Internal Diseases with Clinic for Horses, Dogs and Cats, with the symptoms of gastrointestinal disorders. The endoscopy was carried out under general anesthesia recommending 24 hours of fasting and a 6 - hour break in fluid administration immediately before gastroscopy. For general anaesthesia in dogs, for premedication xylasin in dose 1-2 mg/kg b.w., and atropine in dose 0,05 mg/ kg b.w. were administered in one intramuscular injection. For general anaesthesia thiopental (in initial dose 5 mg/kg b.w., next according to effects) was administered intravenously. For local anaesthesia of the pharynx and the larynx mucous membrane 2 % lignocaine solution was applied. The endoscopy of the alimentary tract was carried out using pediatric fiberoscope Olympus GIF XQ 20. For the histopathological examination bioptates were collected by endoscopic forceps: Olympus FB25 K-1 and Olympus FB24 KR-1. Description of selected cases Case I
© Jozef Nicpon, Krzysztof Kubiak, Marcin Jankowski, Jolanta Spuzak, 2009
230
Hayxoeuu eicnux flHYBMET iMeni C.3. f^uцbкого
Tom 11 № 3(42) Hacmuna 1, 2009
This case concerns a dog, female, syberian husky, 7 years old. It was confirmed on the basis of history that vomiting, lack of appetite and weight loss for a 5 month. In the vomited matter there may appear fresh blood and clots.
The endoscopic examination showed: proliferative changes in the gastric mucosa and stenosis of the antrum. The specimens of the gastric mucosa were collected from the stomach for the histopathological examination. The histopathological examination revealed: adenocarcinoma mucinosum corporis ventriculi. Case II
A dog, female, Collie, 9 years old was brought to the endoscopic laboratory with the symptoms of chronic vomiting. In the vomited matter there may appear fresh blood and „coffee grounds". Other signs include lack of appetite and weight loss. The endoscopic examination showed: giant ulcer in gastric angulus. The specimens of the gastric mucosa were collected from the stomach for the histopathological examination. The histopathological examination revealed: adenocarcinoma. Case III
This case concerns a dog, male, mixed breed, 10 years old. It was confirmed on the basis of history that vomiting (often blood tinged or ,,coffe grounds" in nature), lack of appetite, changeable appetite and weight loss for a 3 month. The endoscopic examination showed: inflammation and ulceration and proliferative changes in the gastric mucosa. The specimens of the gastric mucosa were collected from the stomach for the histopathological examination. The histopathological examination revealed: adenocarcinoma. Conclusions
1. Gastroscopy proved to be a highly useful diagnostic technique in the diagnosis of tumor lesions of gastrointestinal tract.
2. In case of suspicion examination proved by histopathological examination.
References
1. Jenkins Ch. C., DeNovo R. C.: Diseases of the Stomach. In:Handbook of Small Animal Practice, Morgan R.V., 341-343.
2. Kubiak K., Jankowski M., Nicpon J., Spuzak J.: Gastroskopia w rozpoznawaniu nowotworow zol^dka u psow. Medycyna Wet. 2004, 60 (8), 836 - 838.
3. Suter P. F., Kaser-Hotz B.: Onkologia, nowotwory, rak. W: Praktyka kliniczna: psy. Niemand H. G., Suter P. F., 1208-1209.
4. Withrow S. J., Vail D. M.: Withrow and Macewen's Small Animal Clinical Oncology. Saunders Elsevier, 2001.
Summary
The aim of the study was to evaluate the usefulness of the gastroscopy in diagnostics of the gastric tumors. Described in article clinical cases included dogs which were referred to the endoscopic laboratory of the Departament of Internal Diseases with Clinic for Horses, Dogs and Cats with the symptoms of gastrointestinal disorders. Gastroscopy proved to be a highly useful diagnostic technique in the diagnosis of tumor lesions of digestive tract. In case of suspicion examination should proved by histopathological examination.
Cmammx nadiumna do peda^ii 25.09.2009
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