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43EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE AS A SOCIAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL RESOURCE OF TEENAGERS, EXPERIENCED THE DIVORCE OF THEIR PARENTS
Svilo Ya.
Postgraduate student of the Department of Psychology Gomel State University named after Francisk Skorina, Gomel, the Republic of Belarus
Abstract
This article emphasizes the relevance of studying the problem in adolescence. The definition of the concept of emotional intelligence is given. The article considers already present on this day of research, dedicated to this problem in adolescence and explains the necessity of consideration of emotional intelligence as a social and psychological resource of personality. It gives the results of the diagnosis of emotional intelligence of teenagers who have experienced the divorce of parents, and teenagers who live with both biological parents. In both groups of respondents, the prevalence of a low level was revealed on all scales of the questionnaire.
Keywords: emotional intelligence, personal resources, empathy, parental divorce, adolescent age.
Introduction. The relevance of emotions and the development of emotional intelligence in various fields of human activity is the subject of indisputable interest in scientific research, due to its connection with the development of more adaptive and less pathological behavior. Emotions make up the first system of human communication before the development of language. Adolescence is a period when interpersonal communication becomes especially important and acquires the status of a leading type of activity. The effective implementation of all components of communication (communication, interaction, perception) in a significant measure is based on emotional intelligence - the ability of a person to realize, adequately express their emotions and perceive the emotions of a communication partner, to include this information in the general context of interpersonal interaction.
"Emotional intelligence is the ability to accurately perceive, evaluate and express emotions, the ability to access and / or generate feelings when they help thinking, the ability to understand emotions and emotional knowledge, and the ability to generate emotions for the sake of emotional and intellectual growth" [3, p. 83] -this definition is given by P. Salovey and J. Mayer.
Under emotional intelligence D. Goulman understood "such abilities as self-motivation and resilience to disappointments, control over emotional outbursts and the ability to refuse pleasures, to regulate mood and ability not to let experiences drown out the ability to think, empathize and hope" [3, p.83].
Matrenin D. I. and Kharitonova I. V. emphasize that there are practically no studies devoted to the consideration of emotional intelligence as a resource of social and psychological adaptation [5]. However, I. N. Andreeva considers emotional intelligence within the framework of the system of social development of personality and notes that it is a special quality of a person that is formed in the process of social interaction and communication of the individual with others [3, p.85].In his research, N. A. Vyskochil noted the connection between emotional intelligence and coping strategies that a person uses to cope with difficult life situations. He also noted that a high level of emotional intelligence is manifested in individuals who are char-
acterized by the manifestation of adaptive coping strategies, while non-constructive coping strategies are characteristic of those participants who have a reduced level of emotional intelligence [4, p.184]. Thus, we can say that emotional intelligence is the ability to manage and understand one's own emotions and the emotions of other people. It is formed in the process of communication and interaction. Accordingly, the attribution of emotional intelligence to social and psychological resources is correct.
Through socialization, people in interaction with others learn ways of thinking, feeling and acting that will allow them to effectively participate in the life of society [1; 2]. Thus, emotions are also an object of socialization, but they represent something more: they play a fundamental role in personal development. From the moment of birth, they connect the child with the social world and humanize it.
The purpose of the study is to identify the features of the emotional intelligence of adolescents who have survived the divorce of their parents.
Diagnostic methods. Questionnaire "Emotional Intelligence" (author: N. Hall). The method is proposed by N. Hall to identify the ability to understand the personal relationships represented in emotions and to manage the emotional sphere based on decision-making, consists of 30 statements and contains 5 scales [6]:
1. Emotional awareness - awareness and understanding of your own emotions, to achieve this, you need to replenish regularly your vocabulary of emotions. A person with high emotional awareness has a high degree of knowledge about his own internal state.
2. Managing your emotions - emotional responsiveness, emotional flexibility, in other words, arbitrary possession of your own emotions.
3. Self-motivation is the ability to manage your behavior by controlling emotions.
4. Empathy is the understanding the emotions of other people, the ability to empathize with the emotional state of another person and the willingness to help. The understanding occurs due to the" reading " of gestures, facial expressions, poses.
5. Recognition of other people's emotions is the ability to influence the emotional state of another per-
son.
Selection of research. The selection was made by teenagers aged 14 to 17 years. All in all, 367 people, representatives of both sexes, took part in the study. There were 206 adolescents living with both biological parents, and 161 adolescents who experienced their parents' divorce.
The results of the study. As a result of the diagnosis of emotional intelligence in adolescent children from full families, the following results were obtained. According to all scales of the questionnaire, the low level prevails. On the scale of "Emotional awareness" the low level prevails (55.83%), the average level is 30.1%, and the high level is 14.07%. On the scale of "Managing your emotions" the low level prevails
(67.96%), the average level is 22.33%, the high level is 9.71%. On the scale of "Self-motivation" the low level prevails (55.83%), the average level is 28.16%, the high level is 16.01%. On the scale of "Empathy" the low level prevails (51.94%), the average level is 35.44%, the high level is 12.62%. On the scale of "Recognition of emotions of other people", the low level prevails (63.59%), the average level is 22.82%, the high level is 13.59%. According to the integrative level of emotional intelligence in adolescent children from full families, a low level prevails (62.62%), an average level is 29.61%, a high level is 7.77%. These are presented in the form of diagrams in Figure 1.
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
Managing your Self-motivation Empathy emotions
Recognition of Integrative level emotions of other people
Low ■ Average High
Figure 1. - Emotional intelligence of adolescents from full families (in %).
In adolescence, children from divorced families on the scale of "Emotional awareness" have a low level (58.39%), 27.95% have an average level, 13.66% have a high level of emotional awareness. On the scale of "Managing your emotions", the low level prevails (70.19%), the average level is 20.09%, the high level is 3.72%. On the scale "Self-motivation", the low level (51.55%) prevails, the average level is 34.16%, the high level is 14.29%. On the scale "Empathy", the low level
prevails (52.17%), the average level is 34.78%, the high level is 13.05%. On the scale "Recognition of emotions of other people", the low level prevails (53.42%), the average level is 31.06%, the high level is 15.52%. According to the integrative level of emotional intelligence in adolescent children from divorced families, a low level prevails (64.6%), an average level in 31.06%, a high level in 4.34% (Figure 2).
0
80
70 60 50 40 30 20 10
Emotional Managing your Self-motivation Empathy Recognition of Integrative level awareness emotions emotions of other
people
Low ■ Average High
Figure 2. - Emotional intelligence of teenagers who have experienced the divorce of their parents (in%).
Analyzing the average indicators on each scale in both selections, significant differences were also not identified.
Conclusion. According to all scales of the questionnaire, as well as on the integrative level, both groups of surveyed children have a low level. They have a reduced ability to identify and understand emotions (both their own and other people's emotions), their manifestation, as well as empathy. This, in turn, brings significant problems for the personality of adolescents.
Thus, it cannot be assumed that the divorce of parents has an impact on emotional intelligence in adolescence. However, the obtained results indicate the need for assistance to adolescents in improving the level of emotional intelligence, with the support of parents, psychologists, teachers and other adults.
References
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