CC BY
37Central Asian Journal of Medical Hypotheses and Ethics
2020; Vol 1 (2)
© 2020 by the authors. This work is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
eISSN: 2708-9800 https://doi.org/10.47316/cajmhe.2020.12.01
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
PERSPECTIVE
EMERGING ONLINE TOOLS AND PLATFORMS FOR SCHOLARLY ACTIVITIES
Received: Dec. 10, 2020 Accepted: Dec. 31, 2020
Marlen Yessirkepov1* https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2511-6918 Olena Zimba2 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4188-8486 Armen Yuri Gasparyan3 https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8749-6018 department of Biology and Biochemistry, South Kazakhstan Medical Academy, Shymkent, Kazakhstan
2Department of Internal Medicine No. 2, Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Lviv, Ukraine departments of Rheumatology and Research and Development, Dudley Group NHS Foundation Trust (Teaching Trust of the University of Birmingham, UK), Russells Hall Hospital, Dudley, West Midlands, UK
Corresponding author: Marlen Yessirkepov, MD, PhD, Professor, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, South Kazakhstan Medical Academy, Al-Farabi Square 1/1, Shymkent, 160019, Kazakhstan; Twitter handle: @MYessirkepov; E-mail: [email protected]
Abstract
Scholarly activities are increasingly dependent on a wide variety of online tools and platforms. Processing health information on such platforms may enrich research studies and solve some healthcare issues. Health information analyses and online surveys are frequently conducted to test old hypothesis and generate new ones. These studies require thorough understanding of the subject and skilful use of online platforms, including social media. Social media platforms are increasingly employed for retrieving and disseminating research data. Scholarly activities on Twitter and other globally popular social media are now recommended for research, education, and clinical practice. Aggregated social media information and related altmetric data have emerged as reflections of the immediacy effects of online sharing and commenting and as tools to complement citation analyses. Researchers and research managers may use altmetrics to plan their studies and introduce changes to the education process. Securing uninterrupted access to Internet and available online tools may facilitate quality research and other scholarly activities.
Keywords: Research design, Social Media, Periodicals as topic, Survey, Altmetrics, Open Access Publishing How to cite: Yessirkepov M, Zimba O, Gasparyan AY. Emerging online tools and platforms for scholarly activities in medicine. Cent Asian J Med Hypotheses Ethics 2020; 1 (2): 112-117. https://doi.org/10.47316/cajmhe.2020.1.2.01
INTRODUCTION
Scientific research and communication have undergone major changes over the past few months due to the COVID-19 pandemic. In the same period, medical education has also transformed to adjust to the new realities and embrace rapidly advancing digital technologies. Despite several limitations of virtual activities in science and medicine, online communication platforms will stay with us for the foreseeable future to help solve some healthcare issues. Thus, acquiring
digital communication skills and engaging in online scholarly activities are becoming increasingly important for faculty members, researchers, and students. Such skills are required for successfully competing in the academic environment and benefitting from the Open Science global initiative that offers equal opportunities to all those who ethically contribute to the science growth by innovative research, influential publishing, and meaningful increase of citation metrics [1]. By accepting knowledge accumulation and greater societal good as
the main goals of scholarly activities, research and academic institutions across the world may develop strategies to combat current threats to health and wellbeing.
HEALTH INFORMATION ANALYSES
While traditional activities related to bedside patient care and clinical observations are now severely interrupted across most academic institutions, analyses of previously archived clinical data, digitized health information, and online surveys of patients, students, and specialists are becoming essential.
In the time of crisis, the most reliable and validated health information can be obtained from annual statistical reports (yearbooks) of international agencies and local health departments/ministries where medical documentations are digitized and curated to guide global and local healthcare strategies. The annual reports on morbidity and mortality can be processed in cross-sectional analytical studies to reveal monthly and annual trends and prevalence of common diseases and syndromes [2]. Additionally, pooled data from statistical yearbooks of various countries and regions can be analyzed to visualize country-based trends [3]. Understandably, such studies have their inherent limitations primarily due to the lack of data on 'orphan' and some newly defined disease states. Researchers may analyze available ministerial data to justify more focused and detailed observational studies such as those looking at COVID-19-related autoimmune conditions.
ONLINE SURVEY STUDIES
Online surveys are useful for gauging opinion of various stakeholders on procedures and disease states in a short period of time, particularly during the current pandemic. These cross-sectional studies may reveal empirical approaches of a large number of surveyees towards rare and newly defined diseases at a given time period and provide answers to old hypotheses and generate new ones. Designing survey studies require profound understanding of the subject to formulate closed and open-ended questions and comprehensively cover current state and perspectives of diseases. With the advent of advanced online survey platforms such as SurveyMonkey (https://www.surveymonkey.com/) and Google Forms (https://docs.google.com/forms), designing surveys and analyzing related data have become much easier and graphically more appealing. Furthermore, the growing popularity of certain social media platforms and availability of moderated social media accounts, particularly those of academic journals,
have made it easier to distribute questionnaires to target groups and maximize response rates [4, 5]. The use of popular platforms such as Facebook has allowed covering large groups of surveyees in a short time and providing solutions for public health issues in the COVID-19 pandemic [6, 7].
SCHOLARLY USE OF SOCIAL MEDIA
One of the requirements for optimizing online scholarly activities in the time of crisis is to launch emergency networks and augmenting previously established platforms [8]. While analyses of the frequency, reach, and impact of online mentions on social media, blogs, and news outlets proved valuable for describing new diseases such as COVID-19, these platforms can be viewed as emerging sources of scientific information [9]. Some of the popular social media accounts, which are predominantly used for socializing, entertaining, and maintaining personal ties with family and friends, can be (re)designed to form closed groups of medical students and mentors with own rules of communication, resource sharing, and feedback evaluation [10]. Depending on the availability and popularity of social media, approaches to their scholarly use vary across countries and academic disciplines. For example, Twitter, designed as a microblogging site, is mostly employed by users in Anglophone and developed countries who generate tweets on a variety of issues, follow e-meetings, respond to surveys, to name just a few activities. Twitter journal club meetings are now frequently organized in Anglophone countries as a part of continuing professional development to improve mentees' critical appraisal skills, and as a strategy to build an online community [11, 12]. Instagram is popular amongst specialists who predominantly operate with graphical materials (e.g., otolaryngologists, dermatologists) [13, 14]. Dental students view Instagram, along with other social media sites, as a tool for improving their research skills, improving creative and innovative thinking, and making their learning activities more engaging [15].
Information technology experts may teach medics how to use various video-sharing platforms and to arrange networks for sharing audio-visual materials amongst researchers and educators with special interests [16]. Telemedicine has already been praised as a perspective area in rheumatology, orthopaedics, and rehabilitation amidst the COVID-19 pandemic [17, 18, 19]. Preliminary evidence suggests that telemedicine and telerehabilitation are viable substitutes of traditional face-to-face patient care, allowing to minimize risks of infection spreading while maintaining the quality of outpatient services and ensuring patient satisfaction.
COMPLEMENTARY USE OF ALTMETRIC ANALYSES
With the extensive use of social media for scholarly purposes, several information aggregators have emerged to analyze societal implications of online sharing, disseminating, and commenting. Social attention metrics, particularly the Altmetric Attention Scores (AAS) by altmetric.com, have been proposed to rank trending articles across academic disciplines and facilitate strategic planning for research and research managements [20].
Online studies on social media metrics, or altmetric analyses, complement citation (bibliometric) analyses and open up new avenues for science communication. Researchers with access to altmetric.com and other social media aggregators may enrich their research and reviews with a new dimension of empirical evidence which is largely based on tweets, Facebook mentions, and other public sharing and commenting activities [21]. Journal editors may employ altmetric analyses for evaluating the efficiency of post-publication promotion and, to some extent, prediction of citation metrics [22].
The importance of altmetric analyses becomes evident in the COVID-19 pandemic when social media platforms enable processing and distinguishing the most influential articles much faster than established citation databases like Scopus and Web of Science [23, 24]. The digitization and Open Access movement positively influence the immediacy effect of social media activities [25, 26]. In fact, social media posts with Digital Object Identifiers (DOI) and links to public archiving sites such as PubMed Central attract societal attention to scholarly articles and increase citations across medical and allied health disciplines [27, 28].
CONCLUSION
Online tools and platforms are extensively employed to support research studies, teaching-learning activities, and to aid in solving public health issues. The current pandemic has unequivocally justified the use of established and emerging online platforms for scientific research and education [29]. Acquiring digital skills and exploring functional characteristics of globally popular social media, particularly Twitter, and altmetric information aggregators are now requirements of efficient scholarly work. At the same time, the availability of advanced online tools and critical mass of skilled users cannot serve the purpose with censored and irregular Internet access in some parts of the world [30, 31, 32]. Patchy Internet services may even pose ethical issues for healthcare systems struggling to curb COVID-19 outbreaks. Thus, securing uninterrupted high-speed Internet services and providing access to a variety of online platforms and social media aggregators is warranted to solve complex issues in research, education, and healthcare.
FUNDING
None
AUTHOR CONTRIBUTIONS
Substantial contributions to the conception or design of the work; and the acquisition, analysis, or interpretation of data for the work - MY, OZ, AYG. Drafting the initial version of the manuscript - MY. Revising it critically for important intellectual content - MY, OZ, AYG. Final approval of the version to be published - MY, OZ, AYG. Agreement to be accountable for all aspects of the work in ensuring that questions related to the accuracy or integrity of any part of the work are appropriately investigated and resolved - MY, OZ, AYG.
CONFLICTS OF INTEREST
The authors have no potential conflicts of interest to disclose.
REFERENCES
1. Onie S. Redesign open science for Asia, Africa and Latin America. Nature 2020;587(7832):35-37.
2. Izekenova AK, Kumar AB, Abikulova AK, Izekenova AK. Trends in ageing of the population and the life expectancy after retirement: A comparative country-based analysis. J Res Med Sci 2015;20(3):250-252.
3. Mai'ga A, Jiwani SS, Mutua MK, et al. Generating statistics from health facility data: the state of routine health information systems in Eastern and Southern Africa. BMJ Glob Health 2019;4(5):e001849.
4. Gaur PS, Zimba O, Agarwal V, Gupta L. Reporting survey based studies - a primer for authors. J Korean Med Sci 2020;35(45):e398.
5. Gupta L, Gasparyan AY, Zimba O, Misra DP. Scholarly publishing and journal targeting in the time of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic: a cross-sectional survey of rheumatologists and other specialists. Rheumatol Int 2020;40(12):2023-2030.
6. Oliver N, Barber X, Roomp K, Roomp K. Assessing the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in Spain: large-scale, online, self-reported population survey. J Med Internet Res 2020;22(9):e21319.
7. Ali SH, Foreman J, Capasso A, et al. Social media as a recruitment platform for a nationwide online survey of COVID-19 knowledge, beliefs, and practices in the United States: methodology and feasibility analysis. BMC Med Res Methodol 2020;20(1):116.
8. Keegan DA, Bannister SL. More than moving online: Implications of the COVID-19 pandemic on curriculum development. Med Educ 2021 ;55(1):101 -103.
9. Burzynska J, Bartosiewicz A, R^kas M. The social life of COVID-19: Early insights from social media monitoring data collected in Poland. Health Informatics J 2020;26(4):3056-3065.
10. Todorovic M, Coyne E, Gopalan V, et al. Twelve tips for using Facebook as a learning platform. Med Teach 2020;1-13. doi: 10.1080/0142159X.2020.1854708. Online ahead of print.
11. Tang Girdwood SC, Chen JK, Kyler KE, Morrison JM. Expanding journal clubs beyond single institutions using Twitter. Med Educ 2019;53(11):1151.
12. Stoneman S, Hiremath S. Twitter-based journal clubs: bringing critical appraisal to the social table. Semin Nephrol 2020;40(3):264-272.
13. DeAtkine AB, Grayson JW, Singh NP, et al. #ENT: Otolaryngology residency programs create social media platforms to connect with applicants during COVID-19 pandemic. Ear Nose Throat J 2020;145561320983205. doi: 10.1177/0145561320983205. Online ahead of print.
14. Ranpariya V, Chu B, Fathy R, Lipoff JB. Dermatology without dermatologists? Analyzing Instagram influencers with dermatology-related hashtags. J Am Acad Dermatol 2020;83(6):1840-1842.
15. Rajeh MT, Sembawa SN, Nassar AA, et al. Social media as a learning tool: Dental students' perspectives. J Dent Educ 2020. doi: 10.1002/jdd.12478. Online ahead of print.
16. Iancu AM, Kemp MT, Gribbin W, eta l. Twelve tips for the integration of medical students into telemedicine visits. Med Teach 2020;1-7. doi: 10.1080/0142159X.2020.1844877. Online ahead of print.
17. Romao VC, Cordeiro I, Macieira C, et al. Rheumatology practice amidst the COVID-19 pandemic: a pragmatic view. RMD Open 2020;6(2):e001314.
18. Tan WPM, Sayampanathan AA, Tan TC, et al. Rapid deployment of a telemedicine service in orthopaedic surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic. Singapore Med J 2020. doi: 10.11622/smedj.2020156. Online ahead of print.
19. Negrini S, Donzelli S, Negrini A, Negrini A, Romano M, Zaina F. Feasibility and acceptability of telemedicine to substitute outpatient rehabilitation services in the COVID-19 emergency in Italy: an observational everyday clinical-life study. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2020;101(11):2027-2032.
20. Dardas LA, Woodward A, Scott J, et al. Measuring the social impact of nursing research: an insight into altmetrics. J Adv Nurs 2019;75(7):1394-1405.
21. Haunschild R, Bornmann L. How many scientific papers are mentioned in policy-related documents? An empirical investigation using Web of Science and Altmetric data. Scientometrics 2017;110:1209-1216.
22. Bardus M, El Rassi R, Chahrour M, et al. The use of social media to increase the impact of health research: systematic review. J Med Internet Res 2020;22(7):e15607.
23. Shekhawat KS, Chauhan A. Altmetrics: A new paradigm for scholarly communication. Indian J Dent Res 2019;30(1):125-126.
24. Patel V, Li CH, Acharya J, Lerner A, Rajamohan AG. Changes in social media impact of the radiological literature during the Covid-19 pandemic. Acad Radiol 2020. doi: 10.1016/j.acra.2020.11.002. Online ahead of print.
25. Gasparyan AY, Yessirkepov M, Voronov AA, et al. Comprehensive approach to open access publishing: platforms and tools. J Korean Med Sci 2019;34(27):e184.
26. Holmberg K, Hedman J, Bowman TD, et al. Do articles in open access journals have more frequent altmetric activity than articles in subscription-based journals? An investigation of the research output of Finnish universities. Scientometrics 2020;122:645-659.
27. Kunze KN, Polce EM, Vadhera A, et al. What Is the predictive ability and academic impact of the altmetrics score and social media attention? Am J Sports Med 2020;48(5):1056-1062.
28. Boyd CJ, Ananthasekar S, Kurapati S, King TW. Examining the correlation between altmetric score and citations in the plastic surgery literature. Plast Reconstr Surg 2020;146(6):808e-815e.
29. Dhawan S. Online Learning: a panacea in the time of COVID-19 crisis. J Educ Tech Syst 2020;49(1):5-22.
115
30. Balikuddembe JK, Reinhardt JD. Can digitization of health care help low-resourced countries provide better community-based rehabilitation services? Phys Ther 2020;100(2):217-224.
31. Khan A. COVID-19: students caught in Pakistan's digital divide. Nature 2020;587(7835):548.
32. Silver A, Cyranoski D. China is tightening its grip on coronavirus research. Nature 2020;580(7804):439-440.
ГЫЛЫМИ ЦЫЗМЕТКЕ АРНАЛГАН ЗАМАНАУИ ОНЛАЙН Ц¥РАЛДАР ЖЭНЕ
ПЛАТФОРМАЛАР
ТYйiндеме
Fылыми кызмет каз1рп замангы онлайн куралдары мен платформаларына тэуелдi бола тусуде. Интернетгегi куралдар мен платформалар кeмегiмен орындалатын медициналык акпараттык массивтердi ецдеу зерттеудiц сапасын жаксартады жэне денсаулык сактаудыц бiркатар мэселелерiн тиiмдi шешедi. БYгiнгi куш онлайн-сауалнамалар жиi eткiзiледi/ белгiлi гипотезаларды тексеру жэне жацаларын жасау ушш халыктыц денсаулыгы туралы акпарат талданады. Осы тYрдегi зерттеулер та;ырыпты терец тусшуда жэне заманауи онлайн платформаларды, соныц iшiнде элеуметгiк желiлердi шебер пайдалануды талап етед1. Соцгы уа^ыттарда элеуметпк жел1лер платформалары зерттеуден алынган деректерд1 1здеу жэне тарату ушш кещнен колданылады. Твиттерд1 жэне баска да элеуметпк желтерд1 галымдарга, зерттеушшерге, дэр1герлерге жэне баска да мамандарга колдану усынылады. Элеуметт1к желтерде жинакталган акпарат жэне онымен байланысты альтметриялык деректер гылыми когамдастьщ мушелер1н1ц онлайн-алмасуларыныц жэне шюрлершщ, сондай-ак дэйексезд1к талдауды толыктыратын куралдардыц кер1н1с1 болып табылады. Зерттеушшер ез зерттеулер1н жоспарлау жэне окыту процес1не езгер1стер енг1зу ушш альтметрияны колдана алады. Сонымен катар, FаламторFа/ заманауи онлайн куралдары мен платформаларга узд1кс1з кол жепмдгакп камтамасыз ету жалпы гылыми зерттеулер мен гылыми жумыстардыц сапасын жаксартуга кемектесед!
ТYйiндi сездер: Зерттеу дизайны, элеуметпк желтер, такырып рет1ндег1 мерз1мд1 басылымдар, сауалнама, альтернативт1 керсеткгштер, ашык басылымдар
Дэйексез Yшiн: Ес1ркепов М.М., Зимба О., Гаспарян А.Ю. Fылыми кызмет уш1н заманауи онлайн куралдары мен платформалары. Медициналык гипотеза мен этиканыц Орта Азиялык журналы. 2020; 1(2): 112-117. https://doi.Org/10.47316/cajmhe.2020.1.2.01
СОВРЕМЕННЫЕ ОНЛАЙН ИНСТРУМЕНТЫ И ПЛАТФОРМЫ ДЛЯ НАУЧНОЙ
ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТИ
Резюме
Научная деятельность становится все более зависимой от современных онлайн инструментов и платформ. Обработка массивов медицинской информации, выполненная с помощью онлайн инструментов и платформ, повышает качество исследований и эффективно решает ряд проблем здравоохранения. Сегодня часто проводятся онлайн-опросы, анализируются сведения о здоровье населения для проверки известных гипотез и выработки новых. Исследования подобного плана требуют глубокого понимания предмета и умелого использования современных онлайн-платформ, в том числе социальных сетей. Платформы социальных сетей в последнее время активно используются для поиска и распространения данных, полученных в результате научных исследований. Применение Твиттера и других социальных сетей рекомендовано для исследователей, клиницистов и других специалистов. Информация, агрегированная в социальных сетях и связанные с ней альтметрические данные являются отражением протекающих онлайн-обмена и комментирования членов научного сообщества, а также инструментов, дополняющих анализ цитирования. Исследователи могут использовать альтметрики для планирования своих исследований и внесения изменений в учебный процесс. При этом обеспечение бесперебойного доступа к Интернету, современными онлайн-инструментами и платформами может способствовать повышению качества исследований и научной деятельности в целом.
Ключевые слова: Дизайн исследования, социальные сети, периодические издания как тема, опрос, альтернативные метрики, публикации в открытом доступе
Для цитирования: Есиркепов М.М., Зимба О., Гаспарян А.Ю. Современные онлайн инструменты и платформы для научной деятельности. Центральноазиатский журнал медицинских гипотез и этики. 2020; 1(2): 112-117. https://doi.Org/10.47316/cajmhe.2020.1.2.01
