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ELECTRONIC INFORMATION DIDACTIC UNITS IN MEDICAL EDUCATION
Vansvanov M.
Mirzakulova U.
Baskakova I.
Khadjieyva A.
Ilyassov A.
Ilyassova E.
Module of Propaedeutics Surgical Dentistry KazNMU
Abstract. The necessity of introducing of actual digital technology into the system of higher medical education is argued. Is worked out the technique of creating a special electronic educational editions designed for the training of health workers on the basis of application software Kompozer Was demonstrated necessity of obligatory inclusion into composition of the content audio and video materials, self-control means and educables' feedback with the authors apart from linear text. Are shown the advantages of using electronic educational editions. Are clarified methods of spreading and transmission of digital educational materials. The authors viewed the efficacy of the usage of electronic educational publications by the level of student progress. Electronic content edited with the considering of the wishes of the students.
Keywords: electronic educational editions, independent learning, testing, medical education.
Introduction: Is not the first year the system of secondary and higher vocational education (including medical) is experiencing a serious and radical reform, caused by the necessity of joining the Republic of Kazakhstan into the common European educational space (Tasbulatova, 2009). Changes in the psychological environment of the students, of form and methods of teaching in high school have led to the appearance of a new generation of enrollees and students in universities with unusual personal qualities and requirements to the educational process. This has led to appearance of unexpected difficulties in teaching of students.
According to R.E. Isayeva (2012) the main causes of arising problems of the educational process are:
1) The prevalence of "clip" thinking, that is the reduction of the assimilation of knowledge, reduction of sense of empathy and responsibility, fragmented consumption of information, forming of is not logical but emotional relationships;
2) Not understanding of difficult (difficult represented) material and shortness of assimilation of large amounts of information;
3) Students quickly diverted because of «tedious» presentation or lack of gaming moment in learning;
4) Not developed communication skills, inability to speak and perform with clearly structured reports;
5) Inability independently to find solutions and organize their time for studying, apportion
time and mental resources in the learning process.
One option of the solution to these problems, as well as a convenient means of increasing the level of the educational process is electronic learning tools. Very important role in the environment of informational digital technologies in the training of doctors play electronic tutorials.
Contemporary electronic manual is methodical complex, designed for study the course of material. It is an integrated tool, containing the theory, practice, tasks and other components.
In our opinion, while creating an electronic textbook should take into account, that it must contain minimum of text, because long reading of text on a computer screen is tedious and reduces the perception of new information. Enormous role played by the right choice of text fonts.
Electronic textbook should contain graphic images as much as possible, because assimilation and perception of information while reading the illustrative textbooks is much higher. It is important to correctly choose the color gamut so that the colors do not strain the student but on the contrary reassured them while reading (HOST KZ 34.017, 2005).
Also recommended for use in an electronic textbook video and audio fragments, easy navigation through content (hyperlinks to the elements of the textbook and other information on the Internet).
The use of audio and video files allows you to transmit information in the dynamics and increase the interest of students, stimulating the auditory and visual perception. Embedded test items can serve as means of self-monitoring of the results of learning.
The process of creation of the electronic textbook is a time-consuming process. Its preparation can be divided into the following stages:
1. Evaluation of the audience, which this tutorial is being developed for.
2. Collection and preparation of text and graphic information.
3. Preparation of the content.
4. Direct creation of the electronic textbook (Yavich, 2012).
Data and methodology: We developed several training manuals on surgical stomatology in format HTML (Hyper Text Markup Language). The main advantage of the format is the possibility of placement the hyperlinks in the text of edition, which allow quick transitions within this publication, as well as in external, in relation to this document. In particular, by means hyperlinks it is possible to contact with the author or publisher by email, view the literary sources that are referenced in this publication, trigger a graphic that explains the meaning of a text fragment and many more. Common text files constitute the basis of the HTML-document, in which the individual characters are represented in ASCII-encoded. These files are available for viewing and editing in any text editor. The difference between HTML-edition and ordinary text is the presence of special commands - tags which indicate document formatting rules.
The effectiveness of electronic educational editions was evaluated on the results of performance and analysis of questioning on the basis of software application «Questionnaire Interrrog - SL».
Results and Discussion: The created electronic educational publications have shown high efficiency both when independent teaching students, and under the guidance of a teacher.
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Fig. 1. Title page of the electronic manual Own material
For comfortable work with the electronic textbook is necessary that title page (Figure 1) contains the following information: University/College name; the department (module) name; information about the authors involved in the creation of publications; publication title; subtitle data; place and year of publication; minimum system requirements.
It turned out very important that for easy navigation the edition content was handed down in a separate column on each page. The content includes titles that reveal the composition of educational material (figure 2). Each item of the content is the active hyperlink to a section interesting the reader.
Given the specifics of health workers training, learning material could not be limited only by linear text and photographs. The HTML format is compact enough and allows you to include illustrations, video and audio files into the publication together with the text (Figure 3). The average time duration of training videos are used in electronic educational learning is from 2 to 8 minutes Upon attempt to increase the time of display material, were noted the phenomena of dispersion of students' attention, loss of interest. Only in case of extreme necessity is possible to increase the timing of the video. It is desirable to divide it into multiple files, alternating them with the test tasks. For effective learning, it turned out obligatory addition to the videos the explanatory text or audio file.
Fig. 2. An example of the electronic manual pages Own material
Fig. 3. Enabling multimedia files greatly simplifies the development of teaching material
Own material
Was revealed that illustrations for the electronic publication must be made with maximum quality. Should avoid exotic data formats. Allowable data formats when submitting images are: jpg, tiff, psd, png, swf with the maximum quality, necessary for further processing to create various electronic versions of publications (CD, on-line and off-line) (Figure 4).
Comparative analysis of results of students' achievements before and after the use of electronic publications confirmed the relevance of their application. This is also confirmed by questioning. The students showed great interest in the further development and widespread use of electronic content.
Our experience of using the complex testified that: was greatly simplified the process of a consumer survey and analysis of results. Questionnaire "Interrrog - SL" has the options not only for the interrogation, but also for a graphical and mathematical analysis of questioning results (Figure 5). The program allows to analyze according to principle of the relationship of questions. Thus completely eliminate the human factor in the evaluation of the results of questioning. The software is easy to use and requires no special training. In order to prevent distortion of the results, it is recommended to limit the number of persons who have access to the distribute. Respondent apart from answers at the end of questioning has an opportunity to make their wishes and ideas. Survey results are available as tables, charts and graphs (Figure 6).
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Fig. 4. Used Images should be of high resolution Own material
Fig. 5. Interface of test tasks page Own material
As a full value educational edition may be considered the edition with the self-monitoring tools. For this purpose we have included test tasks module (Figure 5). To clarify the testing rules page is provided with reference to the instructions. The test results can be obtained in the lower standing window. Moreover (Figure 6) by sign + or -- on the left from the test can be seen in which of the tasks a mistake was made. The number of tests is not limited and is determined at will of the author.
Conclusion: The electronic edition in HTML format is compact and can store large amounts of information. On the one portable carrier, such as an external hard drive, flash drive, and even CD / DVD, you can store a whole library.
The contents of the e-book if you want you can easily edit. The teacher can transmit the materials by sending it by e-mail or Skype. Also make it popular for their students by uploading it to the Internet, a computer class. Create and publish e-learning tools are not associated with high costs.
Thus, despite some shortcomings of e-books, they are a powerful factor in improving the educational level of medical training, what is necessary in present conditions.
Fig. 6. Interface of test results window Own material
REFERENCES
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2. E.R. Isaeva (2012). Novoe pokolenie studentov: psixologicheskie osobennosti, uchebnaya motivaciya i trudnosti v processe obucheniya pervogo kursa. [The new generation of students: psychological features, learning motivation and difficulties in learning of the first course]. Medicinskaä psihologiä v Rossii - Medical psychology in Russia - №4 (15) - Retrieved from: http://mprj.ru/archiv_global/2012_4_15/nomer/nomer20.php [in Russian].
3. HOST KZ 34.017 (2005). Informatsionnyie tehnologii. Elektronnoe izdanie [Information technology. Electronic edition]. (2005). HOST KZ 34.017-2005 from 26th January 2005. Astana: Komitet po standartizatsii, metrologii i sertifikatsii Ministerstva industrii i torgovli Respubliki Kazahstan - Committee for Standardization, Metrology and Certification of the Ministry of Industry and Trade of the Republic of Kazakhstan [in Russian].
4. Yavich M.P.( 2012) Elektronnyiy uchebnik, ego preimuschestva i nedostatki [Electronic book, its advantages and disadvantages]. Sovremennyie nauchnyie issledovaniya i innovatsii - Modern scientific research and innovation, 10. Retrieved from http://web.snauka.ru/issues/2012/10/16884 [in Russian].
