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УДК 621.311.11
ЭЛЕКТРИЧЕСКИЕ РЕСУРСЫ САЯНО-ШУШЕНСКОЙ ГЭС
Оленцова Юлия Анатольевна
Старший преподаватель кафедры ДИЯ Красноярский государственный аграрный университет Россия, город Красноярск
Аннотация: Саяно-Шушенская гидроэлектростанция — крупнейшая по мощности электростанция России. Мощность ГЭС — 6 400 МВт, среднегодовая выработка 24,5 млрд. кВтч. В здании ГЭС размещено 10 радиально-осевых гидроагрегатов, работавших при расчётном напоре 194 м. Плотина ГЭС уникальна своим объемом.
Ключевые слова: гидроэлектростанция; электричество; энергия; плотина.
ELECTRICAL RESOURCES OF THE SAYANO-SHUSHENSKAYA HPP
Olentsova Y. A.
Senior lecture, department of BFL Krasnoyarsk State Agrarian University Russia, Krasnoyarsk
Abstract: the Sayano-Shushenskaya hydroelectric power station is the largest power station in Russia. The hydropower capacity is 6 400 MW and average annual production of 24.5 billion kWh. In the building of the HPP was placed 10 radial-axial hydraulic units with a capacity of 640 MW, who worked at a design pressure of 194 m. The hydroelectric Dam is unique by its volume.
Keywords: hydroelectric power station; electricity; energy; a dam.
The Sayano-Shushenskaya hydropower plant (HPP) is the largest power plant in Russia. It is producing 15 percent of energy generated in the Russian hydropower and 2 per cent of total electricity. The composition of HPP constructions: concrete arch-gravity dam with a height of 245 m, length 1 066 m, width — 110 m, width on a crest of 25 m. the Dam consists of left-Bank blank portion of the length of 246.1 m, station part length 331, 8 m, the spillway portion of the length stood at 189.6 m and right blank portion of the length 298, 5 m.
The hydropower capacity of 6 400 MW (together with the Main reservoir 6 721 MW) and average annual production of 24.5 billion kWh In 2006 due to major summer flooding power generated 26.8 billion kWh of electricity.
In the building of the HPP was placed 10 radial-axial hydraulic units with a capacity of 640 MW, who worked at a design pressure of 194 m. Maximum static pressure head at the dam is 220 m. The hydroelectric Dam is unique, the same type of dam in Russia has only one hydro —Gergebil, but it is significantly less.
Spillway capacity of the dam — 13600 m/h, the maximum recorded flow to the target — 24400 ml/h, construction of the spillway needs to increase the discharged flow rate of 8000 ml/h.
Below the Sayano-Shushenskaya HPP reservoir is the other hydroelectric power station with a capacity of 321 MW, which is made the organizational part of the Sayano-Shushenskaya hydropower complex. Hydroelectric dam forms the largest Sayano-Shushenskaya reservoir full volume 31, 34 cubic km (useful volume ones was 15.34 cubic km) and an area of 621 sq km. Water reservoir is of high
quality, which allowed organizing in downstream hydroelectric power station the fish farm specializing in the cultivation of trout. In the reservoir area is located in the Sayano-Shushensky biosphere reserve.
Construction history and economic importance of the Sayano-Shushenskaya HPP:
July 21, 1962 — the State Commission has chosen Karlovo for the Sayano-Shushenskaya hydroelectric power station.
17 October 1970 — the first cubic meter of concrete was laid in the main structures of the Sayano-Shushenskaya hydroelectric power plant.
1978 — construction of counterregulating Mainskaya HPS.
On December 18, 1978, the first hydropower unit of the Sayano-Shushenskaya HPP is put under industrial load.
23 may 1979 — during the flood water got into the building of the Sayano-Shushenskaya hydropower plant and flooded the first section of the hydraulic unit.
5 November 1979 —the second hydraulic unit of the Sayano-Shushenskaya hydropower plant like the first, with replaceable impeller was put into operation.
6 November 1981 — the sixth hydraulic unit was put under industrial load.
12 June 1987 - reconstruction of the first two units of the Sayano-Shushenskaya power plant, where temporary impellers are replaced by permanent ones.
1988 — construction of power plant is largely complete.
25 September 1990— reservoir Sayano-Shushenskaya hydroelectric power plant for the first time filled to the design elevation of 540 meters supply level.
1993 —the JSC "Sayano-Shushenskaya hydroelectric power station" was established.
13 December 2000 — HPS adopted by the state Commission is in constant operation (the order of RAO "UES of Russia" of 13.12.2000 No. 690).
The cost of 1 kWh of electricity in 2001, the Sayano-Shushenskaya and Mainskaya HPPs amounted 1.62 rub. Profitability of SS HPS is 2.5 times higher than the profitability of thermal power plants. The most powerful source of peak thermal energy in the Unified energy system of Russia and Siberia.
Sayanogorsk aluminum plant (the company "Russian aluminum") uses 75 % of the electricity SS hydroelectric power station. In 2006, the Khakas aluminium plant (also belonging "to Russian aluminum") with a capacity of 300 thousand tons of aluminum per year was built.
The main consumers of electricity — Sayan and Khakass aluminium plants, enterprises of the Krasnoyarsk territory and Kemerovo region. The station is the main controller of the whole energy system of Siberia.
References:
Efimenko A.I. Rubinstein G.L. Spillway of the Sayano-Shushenskaya hydropower plant. - SPb., 2008. - 511 p.
Bryzgalov V.I. The experience of creation and development of the Krasnoyarsk and Sayano-Shushenskaya hydroelectric power. - Krasnoyarsk, 1999. - 560 p.
Voronkov O.K. Base power plant: structure, properties, condition. Hydraulic engineering. - 2010. -№ 10.
