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УДК 796.322
ЭФФЕКТ ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЯ В ПРОЦЕССЕ ФИЗИЧЕСКОЙ ПОДГОТОВКИ ГАНДБОЛИСТОВ УПРАЖНЕНИЙ С ОТЯГОЩЕНИЯМИ С ПЕРЕМЕННОЙ НАГРУЗКОЙ ДЛЯ УЛУЧШЕНИЯ НАВЫКОВ ВЛАДЕНИЯ ИГРОЙ
Мокрани Джемаль, Бензидан Хусейн, Ханджар Карфан Мохаммад, лаборатория
оптимизации программ подготовки, Институт физической культуры и спорта Университета г. Мостаганем, Алжир; Фатих Зерег, Российский государственный
университет физической культуры, спорта и туризма (ГЦОЛИФК), Москва
Аннотация
Статья раскрывает методику использования тренировок с отягощениями для гандболистов с целью улучшения уровня их физической подготовки. Авторами применялось два метода в двух тренировочных группах, состоящих из 10 игроков, за период 2014-15 годов, включавших упражнения на развитие силовых качеств и навыков владения игрой. Авторы пришли к заключению, что группа, в которой использовались упражнения с отягощениями, показала лучшие результаты по сравнению с контрольной группой. После статистической обработки получены следующие результаты:
- различия между измерениями за период, предшествовавший тестированию, и период после прохождения тестовых заданий, свидетельствуют об улучшении физических показателей и навыков владения игрой.
- полученный положительный эффект тренировочной программы с отягощениями способствовал развитию как физических показателей, так и навыков владения игрой со стороны гандболистов. Таким образом, достоверно установлено превосходство экспериментальной группы над контрольной, что отражено в результатах тестирования.
Ключевые слова: тренировка с отягощением, физические характеристики, навык, гандболисты.
EFFECT OF USING BALLISTIC RESISTANCE TRAINING OF THE VARIABLES ON PHYSICAL AND SKILLS BY THE HAND-BALL PLAYERS
Mokrani Djamel, Benzidane Houcine, Hadjar kharfane Mohamed, Laboratory of Programs optimization in APS, Institute of Physical Education and sports, University of Mostaganem, Algeria, Fateh Zereg, 2Russian State university of Physical Education, Sport, Youth and tourism,
Moscow
Annotation
This his research aims to use ballistic resistance to develop some physical and skills of the handball players. Therefore, searches have used two types which require two types split into two groups of ten (10) players at born on 2014/2015, and they use physical and skills exercises. at last they came to the idea that the group which used the ballistic training overcame and won the other group after statistical treatment of results showed raw results:
- the differences between measurements in pre-test and post-test of the experimental sample with the differences in averages indicate progress to level alternative physical and skills variable hand ball player.
- the defined positive effect of the ballistic training program used has on the development of variable on physical and skills by the hand-ball player. in addition to superiority of the experimental sample over the control sample in the test results.
Keywords: ballistic resistance, physical characteristics, skill, handball players.
INTRODUCTION
Training has become very important in modern societies, and it became an area for competition between people and countries, and physical preparation is the first step for any sport plus psychic and technical aspects. Therefore, technology is used in hand-ball were. They use new and modern techniques in order to develop both the body, skills in order to active their goals. And because of that handball has developed. And to develop this game, we must insist on a good preparation to the training program using successful ways and means. For example, plyometric
training which is considered by searchers as the best for developing both strength, speed and of course over coming problems.
The researchers think that developing special physical needs of the performed activity should be done through training methods suitable for the specific activity. Ballistic training helps stimulating and activating muscles and adaptation of neuro-muscular work through moving with max velocity and acceleration with higher launch rates and short contraction times. All this affects the agonist, antagonist and helper muscle groups [17]. In the last decade appeared ballistic training which is new and modern. It can help coaches to plan effective programs, ballistic training is explosive. For Ballistic training, muscular fibers may adapt to work very quickly for a short time before the cessation of repositioning which is required to perform high-jump shot in Handball [12]. Ballistic training is one of the most important methods to develop the muscular ability in the sports activities that rely on throwing such as Handball. They required the greatest possible velocity and strength in performing high-jump shot through weight training and different equipment (such as medical balls, weight Jacket, jeter weights) where freedom from the weight is done for onetime or freedom from the weight and return to it according to the motor path for each skill [16].
And most searchers as Robert & al (2006), Ali Talat (2003), McEvoy and Newton (1998), Kraemer & al (2000), and Newton & al (1999) concluded that ballistic training is very important in developing both physical and skills, and they also observed from their visits the decrease of physical condition of players in handball national teams. And from this, we can see the importance of how to the physical and skill preparation, and to invent new strategies to improve the player's style [17,17,6,11].
RESEARCH
Method of research: the searchers have used the experimental method.
Research sample: Population of the study is shown in handball players at city of Oran (Algeria). The sample was chosen randomly (20 players) and then they were divided into two groups: empirical group (10 players) and control group (10 players), they play with the regional competition of handball to born on 2014/2015.
USED TESTS
• Test of board jump (m).
• Test of throwing a medical ball (3 kg) (m).
• Test of shooting of the wall (degree).
• Test of ball throwing to the last extreme (m).
TRAINING METHOD
After reviewing a lot of studies, researches, theses and proposals in training methods in the field of athletic training science for the purpose of evaluation of contents and the training curriculum with the empirical sample of the study, the researchers set the empirical method with ballistic training to develop some physical and skills of the handball players in a season 2015/2016
• This training lasted for 08 weeks.
• Number of training units is 3 units weekly.
• Total 24 training units.
• Duration of training unit is 90 min.
• The researchers determined the used training intensity for the empirical group of the study by determining the maximum ability for players and for each exercise used in the training course. By percentages, intensity was defined for the rest of levels when implementing the training program. The researchers depended on repetition changes, break times and the required intensity.
• Methods of training used are intervals with high and low intensity and repetitive method
• Continuity and graduation of training in order to achieve higher level of physical performance.
• measurements (post-test october,25th,2015, and pre-test January,03 rd,2016) DISPLAY AND ANALYSIS OF RESULTS
Table 01 - Shows the difference between measurements of experimental sample
Statistics Tests Past-test Post-test T Calculated Significance
X Y X Y
Board jump test 1,81 0,15 1,94 0,91 6,3 Significant
Throwing a medical ball (3 kg) 5,62 0,18 5,77 0,39 11,52 Significant
Shooting of the wall 6,30 0,94 7,08 1,13 8,03 Significant
Ball throwing to the last extreme 13,63 0,91 15,01 0,98 5,51 significant
What has been observed from table (01), there are differences in statistics in post -test of experimental sample so the value of T varied from 5,51 to 11,52 which much bigger than T with 1,83 and freedom degree is (N-1) =09. The searchers found that the use of ballistic training in the program has considerably developed both physical and skills in handball.
Table 02 - Shows the difference between measurements of control sample
Statistics Tests Past-test Post-test T Calculated Significance
X Y X Y
Board jump test 1.75 0.08 1.76 0.11 0.25 Significant
Throwing a medical ball (3 kg) 5.37 0.37 5.08 0.55 1.52 Significant
Shooting of the wall 6.21 0.65 6.24 0.40 0.75 Significant
Ball throwing to the last extreme 12.78 1.10 14.08 0.83 4.65 significant
We can observe from table (02) that there are differences to the fur theist statistics, so the value of T was between 0,25 to 1,52 and this result is considered to be smaller from the T value 1,83 to the level 0,05 and freedom degree (n-1) =09. Except test of ball throwing to the last extreme. And searchers think that this is due to the contribution of the traditional training program which helped both the physique and skills in handball.
Table 03 - Illustrates the difference between the control sample and experimental sample in the results of post-test______
Statistical analysis Tests Shape of the sample Freedom degree T tabular T Calculated Significance
Board jump 20 18 1,73 2,31 Significant
Throwing a medical ball (3 kg) 2,72 Significant
Shooting of the wall 1,86 Significant
Ball throwing to the last extreme. 1,93 Significant
Illustrated by table (03) above all values T calculated that come between 1.86 as the smallest value and 3.04 as the largest value is greater than the value of T tabular which reached 1.73 at degree freedom (2n-2) =48, level of indication 0.05 which the differences between the averages of any differences between the averages of statistical significance.
DISCUSSION OF RESULTS
Ballistic training has a positive impact on the handball players in the variables of physical and skills. And from all these results, because the table (01) showed that there were statistically significant differences at 0.05 between both pre and post measures for members of the research sample in the muscular ability of the legs and arms (test of board jump, test of throwing medical ball) and a skills changes in favor of post measurements, we can agree with Peter D. Olsen (2003) that ballistic training resistance has developed some physical characteristics. Ballistic training the coach can plan an effective training plan to develop the strength and speed of players. It is naturally explosive [12], Therefore, we can achieve our aims. And from table (02) we can observe differences in statistics in tests. This is due to the traditional training program.
As well in table (03) we can observe that the experimental sample has achieved the best results in physical and skills changes with handball player's, which was described in Markus Grober (2007) analysis. And from the results of the tests, we can observe also the differences to
the control sample, but superiority of the experimental sample over the control sample in the test results of physical and skills changes.
Indicates where Ibtissam Amara (1998) that the ballistic training aims to develop muscles, speed and dynamic in jumping which is ensured by Mcevoy (1998). And the study of Robert Newton & al (2006), which proved that in-season ballistic training using the load that maximizes power output, can improve the performance of elite female athletes in speed related variables. It also appears that a 4-week ballistic training cycle is not sufficient to improve approach jump and reach height of female volleyball players during in season competition, but that it can maintain start-of-season levels. This information is valuable to strength and conditioning coaches who are trying to improve the performance of their power athletes during the competitive season [14].
And Mario Cardoso Marques (2010) also adds, quoting Marques and Gonzalez-Badillo observed that a short-term resistance training program using moderate relative intensity tended to produce significant enhancements in top team handball players' performance in squat and bench press exercises [6].
And in study of Sherif Ali Taha (2010) says the training program had a positive effect on the post-tests of the experimental group on physical variable, with improvement percentage (1.620.31%) and skills variables, with improvement percentage (30.89-36.08%). the use of training aids (elastic cords) contributed greatly in improving the performance level [15]. Jon Sundan (2009) also adds the results of his study indicate that a short period of resistance training has a negative effect on throwing velocity in well-trained female handball players [3].
Whereas the results of skill tests has showed that there is no lack in using ballistic training, or a decrease in speed, so it protects the compatibility of all skills and games. But for the test of throwing to the furthest, the results have shown clearly the winning of the experimental sample, and all searches agree and explain that the players insist on throwing ball exercises. And this strategy is used in surprise attack. And proved Hossam El Sayed El Araby (2010) in his study that the ballistic training program has a positive effect on the muscular ability of the arms and legs upon handball juniors. Moreover, using ballistic training leads to improve the strength and accuracy of high-jump shooting upon the handball juniors less than eighteen years [4].
This is recommended by Jacob E. Earp, MA, CSCS1 and William J. Kraemer (2010) proper attention should be given to the plane of movement and body positioning mechanics of the throwing or swinging movements, as well as the speed of movement and the amount of coun-termovement.
When these factors are considered and implemented as part of a progressive resistance training program, an athlete will be better equipped for their sport and performance will increase [1]. And Nabeel Kahdem Hrebid and Sarab Shaker (2015), Jon Sundan (2009) and Olsen, P.D. and W.G. Hopkins (2003) on using the ballistic training method in developing explosive strength, power for handball players [10, 3, 12]. And Trainers should be concerned with developing explosive strength and power for their main role in enhancing physical and skilled performance of handball players.
CONCLUSION
- Program of ballistic resistance training suggested has positive aspects in all variables. (Physical and skills).
- Using ballistic training is one of the best systems which can develop both physical and skill characteristics to the handball player.
- Superiority of the experimental sample over the control sample in the test results of physical and skills changes.
REFERENCES
1. Jacob E. Earp, MA, CSCS1 and William J. Kraemer. Medicine Ball Training Implications for Rotational Power Sports. National Strength and Conditioning Association. Vol 32, No 4. P20-25, 2010.
2. Jamal Mohamed Talaat. The effect of using ballistic resistance on some physical variables and skills for basketball players. Helwan University. College of Physical education. P 24,2003.
3. Jon Sundan. Effects of ballistic and maximal resistance training on throwing velocity in well-trained female handball players. Nord-Trandelag University College. Faculty of Teacher Education. Levanger. P1-20,2009.
4. Hossam El Sayed El Araby. The Effectiveness of Using the Ballistic Training for Developing the Muscular Ability On the Strength and Accuracy of High-jump Shooting upon Handball Players.World Journal of Sport Sciences 3 (S): 572-577,2010.
5. Kraemer, W.J., N. Ratamess, A.C. Fry, T. Triplettmcbride, L.P. Koziris, J.A. Bauer, J.M. Lynch, S.J. Fleck. Influence of resistance training volume and periodization on physiological and performance adaptations in collegiate women tennis players. Am. J. Sports Med. 28:626-633,2000.
6. Mario Cardoso Marques. In-Season Strength and Power Training for Professional Male Team Handball Players. National Strength and Conditioning Association. Vol 32, No 6. P74-81,2010
7. Mcevoy K.P, Newton, R.U. Baseball throwing speed and base running speed the effect of ballistic resistance training" research journal of strength an conditioning.1998.
8. Michael H, stone, stevns, plik, Margaret E. stone, brain K. schilling, Harolds O, brgant, and kyle C. pierce. Athletic performance development, strength and conditioning, volume 20 number 6, P25,1998.
9. Meglynn H.G and Moran T.G. cross. Training for sports. Human kinetics Books, San Francesco. P4-7,1997.
10. Nabeel Kahdem Hrebid a Sarab Shaker. Using Ballistic Training in Developing Explosive Strength and Power and its Effect on Shooting Accuracy in Junior's Handball. The Swedish Journal of Scientific Research. Vol. 2. Issue 8. P78-85,2015.
11. Newton, R.U, W.J. Kraemer, K. Hakkinen. Effects of ballistic training on preseason preparation of elite volleyball players. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 31: 323-330, 1999.
12. Olsen, P.D. and W.G. Hopkins. The Effect of Attempted Ballistic Training on the Force and Speed of Movements. Journal of Strength and Conditioning research, 17. p 119,2003.
13. Pretz R. Ballistic six plyometric training for the overhead throwing athletes. Strength Conditioning Journal 2(6). p 62-66, 2004.
14. Robert U. Newton, Rayn A. Rogers, Jeffs Volek, Keijo Ha" Kkinen and William J. Kraemer. Four weeks of optimal load ballistic resistance training at the end of season attenuates declining jump performance of women volleyball players' .Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 2006, 20(4), 955-961, 2006.
15. Sherif Ali Taha Yahia and Ahmed Mohamed Zaki. Effect of Ballistic Speed Strength Training on Shooting in Egyptian National Giants' Handball Team Players World Journal of Sport Sciences 3 (S): 186-189, 2010.
16. Stone, M.H., S.S. Plisk, M.E. Stone, B.K. Schilling, H.S. O'Bryant and K.C. Pierce. Athletic Performance Development: Volume Load -1 Set vs. Multiple Sets, Training Velocity and Training Variation. Strength & Conditioning journal, 20: 22-31,1998.
17. Talat, A.M. Effects of ballistic resistance training on some physical and technical variables for basketball players. M.Sc. Thesis, Faculty of Physical Education, Tanta University, Egypt, p 25,2003.
Contact information: djameleps@yahoo.fr
Статья поступила в редакцию 16.07.2018
УДК 796.42
ВРЕМЕННЫЕ ТРЕНДЫ СТРУКТУРЫ СОРЕВНОВАТЕЛЬНОГО РЕЗУЛЬТАТА В ЖЕНСКОМ ЛЕГКОАТЛЕТИЧЕСКОМ СЕМИБОРЬЕ
Олег Борисович Немцев, доктор педагогических наук, профессор, Наталья Алексеевна Немцева, кандидат педагогических наук, доцент, Анатолий Михайлович Доронин, доктор педагогических наук, профессор, Адыгейский государственный университет (АГУ), Майкоп; Мария Николаевна Скидан, Северо-Кавказский филиал Российского государственного университета правосудия (СКФ РГУП), Краснодар
Аннотация
Целью исследования являлись изучение и сравнение особенностей вклада в соревновательный результат в семиборье результатов в отдельных видах и группах видов, входящих
