CC BY
13
UDK 577.4 (575.1)
Sadullayeva S.B. master's student Samarkand State University Uzbekistan, Samarkand
EFFECTS OF THE AYDAR-ARNASOY LAKE SYSTEM ON CHANGES IN THE VEGETATION OF THE KYZYLKUM DESERT
Abstract: This article analyzes the vegetation cover of Kyzylkum desert. The positive and negative effects of irrigation lakes on vegetation types, landscape formation, vegetation cover and changes over the years have been considered.
Key words: lake, tectonic depression, vegetation, ephemerality, halophytis, psammophytes ecological conditions, arid climate, soil types, ground water.
Introduction: The expansion of the abandoned irrigation lakes in terms of area leads to further changes in the landscape of Kyzylkum, various changes occur in the vegetation cover, and as a result of these changes, some types of vegetation cover disappear. The components of the landscape are inextricably linked, and changes in one component directly affect the others. Kyzylkum desert is a sandy desert in Central Asia, it's total area is 300 thousand km2 [1]. It is located between the Amudarya and Syrdarya rivers, and it's territorially located in the territory of Kazakhstan and Turkmenistan. Uzbekistan, the terrain of the desert consists malnly of plains and party of low mountains [2]. The climate sharply continental, hot in summer and cold air masses dominate in winter. It consists of low hills and hills. One of the main components of Kyzylkum landscape is a plant cover, and the growing season lasts a long time. From early spring was observed to last until late fall. Accarding to P.Q. Zokirov (1971) such a setuation is one of the most in portant and characteristic features of vegetation cover of Kyzylkum desert. Despite the fact that the flora of Kyzylkum is formed and developed in arid conditions, it is different compared to other desert. The vaiety of ptauts in line here is a number of factors that serve as the first indicator the and microrelief forms of the place, sail types and their salinity, lithological structure, ground water level depends on the surface of the boat and other factors. It has been determined that there are about 900 spec'is of bigher plants in the Kyzylkum desert [3]. For the information of P.Q.Zokirov according to the flora of the low mountains is the central part of Kyzylkum consists of 560 species, wition are grouped into 263 genera and 48 families, Southwest in Kyzylkum 580 types of plants were found by in the arid climate condition, there is very little moisture, high air and soil temperature, ground water is much lower than the surface of the earth, and the development of plants
should be adapted to the local ecological conditions [4;5]. That is why all plant spices in the Kyzylkum desert spend their vegetation period under certain natural and ecological conditions. The indicator role of desert plants in the formation of arid landsapes in that they reflect the characteristics of xeromorphism, xerophyticity, halophyticity and psammophyticity in the process of formation and gradual development in space and time. At this point, it is work saying that ephemerals are unnual plants that grow in deserts, deserts and hills [6;7]. The vegetation period is short they grow mainly in spring and autumn when the sail is wet, Among the ephemerals, there are sedges, sedges barley, peas, yellow nutritious like peanuts. There are medicinal species such as jag-jag and poisonous species such as fly.
Xerophytes- anhydrous are plants that grow on dry land. These plants have a number of sings and characteristics. Xeromorphic plants are divided into several groups based on ecological and physiological characteristics.
Succulents-are those that collect water in their bodies, due to the viscosity of the protoplasm and the stage of a large amount of water in its cells plants that are resistant to heat, but not resistant to dehydration, this plant includes: aganas, cacti and aios, but these planst are not found in the Kyzylkum desert.
Hemixirophyhes - to dehydration due to the presence of a root system that to the bottom waters cannot endure for a long time, but enough to reach water the ground. And substances heat- resistant plants due to the ropid exchange process of evaporation from the body, these plants include; grose and sorrel. So, it is worth knowing that hemixerophytes are definitely found in Kyzylkum desert.
Euxerophytes- cell protoplasm is very dark plants resistant to dehydration and heat due to slew metabolism. Wormwood, which is one of these plants, is widespread in the Kyzylkum desert.
Glophytes- in famaus places growing plants. Water differs from xerophytes in that they do not have organs that allow them to save. Examples of holophytes are plants such as reed, savagich and sedge growing on the shores of Aydar-Arnasay and Tuzkon lakes.
Psammophytes- an old man who grows in the sands plants. The wind blows the sand when it shoots, the root is opened not to remain, sand "ko'mib" are non- flying and the rest of the seeds are bruised burying different for produced adaptations are plants, saxophone, plants such as sugarcane, sand acacia and others. These types of plants are common not and only in Central Asia but also in other regions. Common and landscape producing plant species Kyzylkum desert are white and black saxovolum as well as cherkez, kandym, sinren, chogon, sand acacia and borjok which grow togather with them. Throught this information, it is possible to learn about different types of plants during the development history of the Kyzylkum desert [7]. The area of ancient irrigation lakes has expanded to the present day and the former landscape of the desert is relatively richer, some types of plants.
Some new species disappear knowing that it has increased in 1994-2000, the water volume of the system was 44,1 billion cubic meters, the area was 350 thousand hectares and the length was 250 thousand km in the territory of Turkestan region due to the fact it was not threwn away, the water volume up to 37,7 billion cubic meters the smaller one is around the lake caused some plants species are disappearing to go. Water salinity around due to the decrease increases the amount of salt to came kill plants. As a result of lowering of the water level the salinity of the water content, some shorelines receded up to 15150 meters, and in these areas, a salt layer of 15-20 cm, and in some places even more, was formed. Such a situation is a natural situation where salt flies during strong winds and harms plants and even human health. These salts contain different types at pesticides, and these substances not only destroy the plant cover, but also cause the plants to stop growing in the soil. If this process in not stopped of measures against it are not taken, the ichthyofauna or hydroflora of the area will be threatened with extinction [8].
The decision of the cabinet of ministers, on additional measures to organize the management of the Aydar-Arnasay lake system was done. The composition of the Aydar effective from the lake system use, environmental condition Arnasay improvement, water level stabilization, water supply and salinity reduction group Republican worker on was approved by the decision. In conclusion, it can be seen from this situstion that landscape of abandoned irrigation lakes of Kyzylkum tea is changing from positive to negative from year to year, and various measures and state to prevent this situation and the flora and fauna of the desert are being destroyed. It is possible to know that it is aimed not only at protecting bat also at restoring it. Plants are the source of life and their increase or decrease is in your hand and in our hands.
References:
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