CC BY
3
Bobokulova N. Yu.
teacher
Department of Preschool Education Methodology
Termiz State University
EFFECTIVE EDUCATION FOR THE WORLD'S CHILDREN -PROCESSES OF CREATION OF THE EDUCATION METHOD
Annotation. This article is devoted to the pedagogue Maria Montessori, who devoted her life and skills to the education of children all over the world in the first half of the 20th century, and the advantages and possibilities of the educational method she created.
Key words: independence, free movement, child's choice, older children, caring, child's decision, activities, special environment, adult's duty.
"A child can teach himself, only you and your limitations block his way."
Maria Montessori, teacher of children of the world
Maria is considered a woman who broke stereotypes in society and pedagogy. His school is a separate subject. Celebrities such as Gabriel Marquez, Bill Gates, and Jeff Bezos are among those who have received such education. The life of the first woman doctor in Italy, as she wrote, is "very quiet, but intense."1
"Maria Montessori, the first doctor in the history of Italy, the only female student who studied at the university of that time, is a pedagogue who paved the way for women who came after her and broke dogmatic views."
Born in Chiarvalle, Italy, in August 1870, Mrs. Maria was forced to secretly learn from her father, a strict accountant, until she regained her senses and found her way. The father, who was afraid that "a disaster will happen if the girl child studies", did not like her child to go to school. However, the active mother, who did not go to school herself, never stopped reading, always supported her daughter.
When one of the reporters asked at the end of the congress how patients tolerate a female doctor: "...they feel in their guts that someone cares about their health. "Only those sitting on the top suspect that a woman can do something, " says Bamailhotir. In 1901, he abandoned his main work and studied philosophy at the University of Rome. After that, the real professional activity begins. After learning the scientific basis of innovation in Italian pedagogy, early detection of child abilities and stimulation of development, he opens the first school - "Casa dei Bambini" (Italian for "Children's House").
The experiment of the school, which was opened in January 1907 in the middle-class part of Rome, where the majority of the population lives is poor,
1 Gazeta.uz
unexpectedly showed a great result, which soon spread to other countries besides Italy. Today, the number of such schools has reached 60, 000. Famous chef Julia Child, writer Gabriel García Márquez, singer Taylor Swift, Google founder Larry Page, Chelsea Clinton (daughter of Bill and Hillary Clinton), British King Charles and many other celebrities who have found their way in various fields are among the graduates of this school.
"The only possible financial expenses were funds for furniture and equipment. This may explain why we not only buy school desks, but also make furniture. But without such excellent conditions, it is impossible to isolate only psychological factors and prove their influence on the change of children. This orphanage was not a school, but a kind of measuring device that started from scratch. Instead of desks, teacher's desks and other things acceptable for schools, furniture was made at home, which I tried when I worked for the children in the institute, and no one imagined that it could be used for ordinary educational purposes" 2
One of the best aspects of the Montessori method is that the child is not put into different molds. The safety and freedom of the classroom and the school encouraged the child to be active in the lessons, willingly dive into practical activities and, most importantly, the child was able to educate himself directly. The style of the school, which seems chaotic and uncontrollable to some, will bear fruit in time.
The golden rules of the Montessori school:
• It is important for the child to be active. Let adults take second place in his growth, let him be a helper, not a leader;
• Free movement and child choice;
• Let the older children teach the younger ones what they know. This habit forms the skill of caring for others;
• Let the child make the decision himself;
• Classes must be held in a specially prepared environment;
• The duty of adults is to be able to interest the child. Then the child himself continues to develop;
• In order for the child to fully express his inner talent, it is necessary to allow him to think, act and feel freely;
• It is enough to make a friend, not to annoy the child;
• Do not criticize him, do not stifle him with some kind of ban or restriction;
• Every child has the right to make mistakes. Leave it to him to fix it.
The word of "Casa dei Bambini" spread so much that a second school was
opened in a short time. Neighboring countries are starting to be interested in the success of Italian children studying on the basis of the method of concentration, attention, self-control and development. The experiment on reading and writing in 1907 was also successful. Many people are surprised that 4-5-year-old children
2 "Children - Others. Self-development. Second and third parts"
acquire literacy relatively quickly for their age. In 1908, three more "Children's Homes" were opened. Next year, the Frobel method taught in kindergartens will be replaced by the Montessori method.
The method developed by the lady between 1909-1915 is gradually conquering the world. France, Argentina, Australia, China, India, Japan, Mexico, Syria, USA, New Zealand will continue the chain connected to Switzerland first and then Great Britain. In London, Johannesburg, Rome and Stockholm, the lady's method is included in the state education program. Books, textbooks and developments are translated into different languages and distributed in four directions. First published in English, "Il Metodo..." ("The Method") becomes a bestseller in the United States.
The methods developed and tested in practice over the years are summarized in works such as "Il metodo della pedagogia scientifica" ("Montessori method"), "Enriched Montessori method", "The secret of childhood", "New world education", "Education of human abilities".
Step into the world. While lecturing in different countries and talking about the secrets of the methodology, the specter of fascism, spreading across Europe from the beginning of 1930, forces Montessori to go far and wide and not return for a while. The fact that all Montessori schools in Germany were closed in 1933 and their books were burned left a strong impression on the lady. In 1946, he returned to the Netherlands to his bride Ada Pierson and grandchildren. The lady, who taught the children of the whole nation and contributed to their development, now rolls up her sleeves to raise and educate the offspring of her only son. Although he was not lucky, he was nominated for the Nobel Prize several times. A year before his death, he attended and gave a lecture at the IX World Montessori Congress held in London. In 1952, in his house in the Netherlands, he left his deposit in the hands of his sole heir and successor, Mario, who worked tirelessly to spread the Montessori method to the whole world.
In 1988, for her services to humanity, UNESCO named Mrs. Montessori in front of the names of three great educators - American John Dewey, German Georg Kershensteiner and Soviet pedagogue Anton Makarenko, and duly recognized her contribution to the educational system of the 20th century.. The image of Maria Montessori appears on Italian banknotes and coins, stamps of the Netherlands, India, Italy, Maldives, Pakistan and Sri Lanka.
References:
1. Montessori maktablarida talabalarni o'qitish, Sceince (2 fevral, 2007 yil). 2018 yil 8 sentyabr kuni tekshirildi.
2. "Children - Others. Self-development. Second and third parts"
3. "Mario Montessori". Sweetwater Montessori maktabi. 31 avgust, 2012 yil.
4."Montessori Bibliografiyasi". Montessori Oila Ittifoqi. 13 iyul, 2017 yil. 2019 yil 3 yanvar kuni qabul qilindi.
5.Montessori usuli: «Bolalarning uylarida» bolalar ta'limi uchun qo'llaniladigan ilmiy pedagogika, muallif tomonidan qo'shimchalar va tuzatishlar kiritilgan. Nyu-York: Frederik A. Stokes kompaniyasi. 12 - dekabr, 2012-yil
