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UDC 615.284.32
Umarova M.M. assistant
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences
ASMI
EFFECT OF SOME ANTIHELMINTHIC MEDICINES
Abstract. Helminth infections are diseases caused by worms living in the human body. Helminths are especially harmful to children's bodies; they release toxic substances. With a long course of helminthic diseases (more often in children), they can cause anemia, changes in the central nervous system, gastrointestinal tract, liver and blood vessels.
Key words: helminth, proteolytic enzyme, cestodosis, roundworm, nematode.
Depending on the habitat of the worms, substances used against helminths are divided into two groups:
1. Substances used for intestinal helminthiasis.
2. Substances used for extraintestinal helminthiases.
Most anthelmintic drugs have a selective effect depending on their type, so before treatment it is necessary to determine the type of worms. In the treatment of helminths, substances such as piperazine adipate, levamisole, decaris, naphtamon, pyrantel, mibendazole, phenasal, aminoacrixin, antimony tartrate, sodium cloxyl are widely used.
The mechanism of action of anthelmintic substances: some substances affect the neuromuscular system of worms, others affect the metabolism of worms, and others affect the permeability of the worm's shell, making it susceptible to proteolytic enzymes. The gastrointestinal tract may contain round helminths - nematodes and flatworms (cestodes), therefore substances are divided into those used for both nematodes and cestodes. For effective treatment, easily digestible foods are consumed during treatment. Substances that have an effect on worms must act inside the intestines; fats and alcohol enhance the absorption of the drug into the blood; repellents, mainly salt repellents, are used to quickly remove dead worms from the intestines, as they prevent the absorption of toxic anthelmintic substances into the blood. Anthelmintic substances dissolve in oil suppositories (sesame oil) and are easily absorbed into the blood. Nowadays, anthelmintics themselves are manufactured with laxative properties, and laxatives are no longer necessary. Intestinal nematodes include roundworms, ostrich nematodes, and hookworms. Piperazine is used to expel roundworms and ostriches; the substance paralyzes the neuromuscular system of worms, stops the movement of mucus in the intestines and cannot pass into the bile ducts. Along with the anthelmintic effect, this substance has a laxative effect. Piperazine is less
toxic even when it enters the bloodstream, which is why this substance is used for mass deworming. In some cases, piperazine can cause dizziness, headache, dizziness, abdominal pain, and in overdose, muscle relaxation and tremors.
Levamisole-decaris is used mainly against roundworms, paralyzes the muscles of the worm and disrupts its metabolism. It is 90-100% useful even when sent once, is a low-toxic substance and has no negative effects. Decaris is also effective against nematodes and extraintestinal worms.
Naftamon has a strong effect against nematodes and roundworms, but its effect is weaker against oysters. Naftamon enters the body of worms, paralyzes their muscles, is less absorbed into the blood, and irritates the stomach. Levamisole is less effective than piperazine and this substance can also be used for mass deworming. Pyrantel-Combantrin is also used to treat ascariasis. Diphenyl from naphthamon products has a strong effect against caterpillars.
Cestodes - tapeworms include serbar broad tapeworms, armed and unarmed worms. Fenasal reduces the resistance of tapeworms to proteolytic enzymes and paralyzes the umbilical muscles. Fenasal is practically not absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and does not affect the mucous membrane. The patient should be prepared separately for the use of Fenasal (enema, suppositories, diet). When treating cestodes, aminoacriquine is used in the absence of the effect of other substances; before use, the patient must be prepared separately; has an effect, although it is less toxic compared to quinine, but negative effects are observed: nausea, vomiting, increased body temperature.
Pomegranate peel and pumpkin seeds are used for intestinal cestodes. The alkaloids in pomegranate peel paralyze the worm's muscles. Pumpkin seeds are used when the above substances are prohibited.
References:
1. Azizova S.S. Farmakologiya. T.-2006, 514 b.
2. Mahsumov M.N., Aliyev X., Odilov M.A., Musayeva N.A. Farmakalogiya asoslari. T.-2007.
3. https://www.medicina.ru/patsientam/zabolevanija/glisty/
