CC BY
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Section 2. Biomedical science
Degtyaryeva Viktoriya Aleksandrovna, Pacific Fisheries Research Center («TINRO-Centr»), researcher
Evseeva Ekaterina Aleksandrovna, «Primorsky EM-Centr», executive Director E-mail: em205864@yandex.ru Severina Valentina Yakovlevna, «Primorsky EM-Centr» CEO Skurikhina Yulia Evgen’evna, Pacific State Medical University, PhD, Associate Professor, the Department of Epidemiology and Military Epidemiology
Godyna Oleg Mikhailovich, Pacific State Medical University, Intern, the Department of Epidemiology and Military Epidemiology
Effect of EM-culture (effective microorganisms) on pathogens in seawater
Abstract: Investigated the influence of EM-culture on the pathogenic and conditionally pathogenic microorganisms contained in seawater. The study included Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa. It was revealed that took place a total suppression of pathogenic organisms in a few days.
Keywords: effective microorganisms, EM-culture, sea water, Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
In the coastal sea water can be a lot of pathogenic bacteria get there from wastewater. These bacteria cause a variety of diseases - intestinal, wound infections, etc. Seawater cannot use any chemical disinfectants for cleaning, so it is necessary to seek new methods of water purification. They must be effective and do not violate the natural balance. Since 1986 there is a technology of effective microorganisms (EM-culture), developed by a japanese scientist Teruo Higa. These unique balanced microbial communities of different groups which are antagonists of pathogenic bacteria, release antimicrobial substances, inhibit the growth and development of different groups of microorganisms, including viruses and fungal flora [1; 2]. Studies devoted to the influence of EM on pathogens in the marine environment are not yet carried out. Therefore the aim of this study was to examine the effect of EM on survival representatives of conditionally pathogenic and pathogenic bacteria in a marine environment.
As a test of pathogenic and conditionally pathogenic microorganism cultures were taken: Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
The results of the study are presented in Table 1-3 and Picture 1-3. They show that from the first days of follow-up, a sharp suppression ofthe number of bacteria L. monocytogenes and P. aeruginosa, except E.coli. The dilution of EM-culture 104 cells/ ml at a temperature of 20oC, L. monocytogenes cell numbers decreased from 109 to 490 cells/ml; the dilution 105 cells/ml - from 109 to 103 cells/ml; the dilution of EM-culture 106 cells/ml - from 109 to 89 cells/ml.
At the same time, at the number of cells of 36oC L. monocytogenes is significantly decreased in the concentration of EM-culture 106 cells/ml - from 109 to 196 cells/ml. The rest of the concentration of a biological product does not have an inhibitory effect on the development of the cells of studied culture.
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Effect of EM-culture (effective microorganisms) on pathogens in seawater
In a medium with EM-culture 104 and 105 cells/ ml at 20oC P. aeruginosa cell number decreased on average from 109 to 107 cells/ml. A significant influence on the development of culture has studied the temperature. The number ofP. aeruginosa at 36oC decreased in all dilutions of EM. In an environment breeding a biological product 106 cells/ml at all
temperatures marked decline in the number of the test culture from an average of 109 to 490 cells/ml.
On the second day of the experiment the growth of L. monocytogenes and P. aeruginosa decreased to zero at all temperatures and insertion amounts EM culture, while the density of bacteria E.coli group reached zero only at a concentration of 106 cells/ml.
Picture 1. Dynamics of population of L. monocytogenes in a medium with different concentrations of EM-culture.
Picture 2. Dynamics of population of P. aeruginosa in a medium
with different concentrations of EM-culture.
Picture 3. Dynamics of population of E.coli in a medium with different concentrations of EM-culture.
Slightly increased the number of cells of L. monocytogenes on the third day of the experiment at all studied concentrations of EM culture, due to stiff competition interspecies effective microorganisms and the manifestation of adaptive ability of the test
culture. However, the temperature regime has had a significant impact on the development of the cells of pathogenic bacteria. In a medium with a concentration of EM- culture 105 and 106 cells/ml at 20oC L. monocytogenes cell growth has not been registered.
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Section 2. Biomedical science
Number of P.aeruginosa cells in this time period has increased dramatically in the medium at a concentration ofEM-culture 104 and 105 cells/ml at all temperatures. The concentration of106 cells/ml had a devastating effect on the growth of the test culture. On the 6th day of the experiment only L. monocytogenes was the most resistant to EM-culture at 36oC. The concentration of 106 cells/ml had a devastating effect on the growth of its cells.
It should be noted that on the 9th day of the experiment were observed only isolated colonies of representatives of conditionally pathogenic and pathogenic microorganisms studied in all concentrations and temperatures.
On the 10th day of the experiment the growth of cells E.coli, L. monocytogenes and P. aeruginosa was not registered in any dilution, indicating a complete inhibition of cell tested microorganisms representatives EM- culture.
Table 1. - The influence of culture of Effective microorganisms on the growth of Listeria monocytogenes
The study period (Per day) Control The culture of Effective microorganisms
104 cells/ml 105 cells/ml 106 cells/ml
20 °C 36 °C 20 °C 36 °C 20 °C 36 °C 20 °C 36 °C
0 109 109 102 109 103 107 96 190
1 109 109 377 103 16 102 0 10
2 109 109 0 0 0 0 0 0
3 109 109 137 213 0 16 0 10
6 109 109 0 187 2 100 0 0
9 109 109 0 23 0 40 0 0
10 109 109 0 0 0 0 0 0
Table 2. - The influence of culture of Effective microorganisms on the growth of Escherichia coli
The study period (Per day) Control The culture of Effective microorganisms
104 cells/ml 105 ce ls/ml 106 cells/ml
20 °C 36 °C 20 °C 36 °C 20 °C 36 °C 20 °C 36 °C
0 109 109 109 109 109 109 109 109
1 109 109 109 109 109 109 607 836
2 109 109 102 103 153 300 0 0
3 109 109 1736 2440 34 800 0 3
6 109 109 0 12 0 34 0 0
9 109 109 0 4 0 6 0 0
10 109 109 0 0 0 0 0 0
Table 3. - The influence of culture of Effective microorganisms on the growth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa
The study period (Per day) Control The culture of Effective microorganisms
104 cells/ml 105 ce ls/ml 106 cells/ml
20 °C 36 °C 20 °C 36 °C 20 °C 36 °C 20 °C 36 °C
0 109 109 109 108 106 108 300 560
1 109 109 100 104 200 104 0 2
2 109 109 0 0 0 0 0 0
3 109 109 100 423 78 260 0 0
6 109 109 0 0 0 0 0 0
9 109 109 0 2 0 2 0 0
10 109 109 0 0 0 0 0 0
Thus, the culture of Effective microorganisms have an inhibitory effect on the growth and development of E.coli, L. monocytogenes and P aeruginosa.
In the course of belonging of microorganisms to the EM-culture, its secrete enzymes and synthesize polysaccharides, which have antibacterial effect and a high redox potential, while promoting the
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Selection of immunostimulatory drugs in the complex treatment of generalized periodontitis in young adults
detoxification process of internal and external metabolites produced by pathogenic microflora. Our investigations have shown that tolerance of test bacteria cells to the effects of metabolites EM-culture markedly decreases as the duration of the biological product.
During the experiment, it was observed that the degree of dilution of the EM has played a crucial role in the inhibition of pathogenic and conditionally pathogenic bacteria. The concentration of EM-culture 106cells/ml is more efficient and quick impact on the suppression of the growth and development of bacteria studied. From this, it follows that the optimal concentration ofEM-preparation, eliminates the growth and development of cells E.coli, L. monocytogenes and P. aeruginosa, is 106cells/ml.
The number of pathogenic and opportunistic bacteria varied markedly, indicating an antagonistic
relationship between the test bacteria and effective microorganisms. These relationships are manifested in interspecific competition, as well as the degree of resistance of pathogenic and opportunistic bacteria to the effects of metabolites produced by the representatives of EM-culture.
As the E.coli is a permanent inhabitant of the intestines of warm-blooded organism, the temperature 360C is the most appropriate for its life. Consequently, the temperature of 200C is optimal for the death of the test bacteria in the presence of EM-culture.
Studies have shown that effective microorganisms, belonging to the EM-culture, could potentially be used for cleaning marine ecosystems by limiting and preventing the development of pathogenic microflora, solving the problem of remediation of the environment.
References:
1. Teruo Higa. Use of Microorganisms in Agriculture & Their Positive Effects on Environmental Safety Nobunkyo, 1991.
2. Teruo Higa. Our Future Reborn: EM Technology Changes The World. Sunmark Publishing, 2006.
Sidelnikova Larisa Fedorovna, National Medical University named after Bogomolets, an assistant professor of restorative dentistry Dimitrova Alla Grigorevna, National Medical University named after Bogomolets, an assistant professor of restorative dentistry, E-mail: a_dimitrova@ukr.net
Selection of immunostimulatory drugs in the complex treatment of generalized periodontitis in young adults
Abstract: In the complex treatment of generalized periodontitis immunomodulators of different structure and mechanism of action “Imudon” and “Immunal” were used. The received clinical results showed that Imudon had a higher efficiency than Immunal.
Keywords: generalized periodontitis, the local factors of the oral cavity protection, Imudon, Immunal.
The high prevalence of periodontal disease in patients with immunodeficiency of different severity, especially in young patients, conditions the impact on the immune system (such as protection factors of the oral cavity), and today the importance of the
problem is only increasing [1, 102; 2, 100; 8, 89; 9, 73; 10].
The market of the drugs that have immunos-timulatory, immunomodulatory properties is wide enough. They are immunomodulators of plant, ani-
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