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166EEFECTIVE METHODS IN TEACHING GRAMMAR1
Turopova N.
Turopova Nargiza - Student, ENGLISH LANGUAGE FACULTY № 3, UZBEKISTAN STATE WORLD LANGUAGES UNIVERSITY, TASHKENT, REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN
Abstract: English grammar is notoriously difficult to learn for both native and second-language speakers. There are so many intricacies, obscure rules, and exceptions that it comes as no surprise that different generation of teachers have used various approaches to teaching grammar to train literate English writers. In the past, memorization-based techniques that relied on repetition slowly gave way to more creative methods. Keywords: methods, inductive method, deductive teaching, interactive methods, grammar.
Today, we live in a society that prizes literacy and is willing to adapt to more effective methods to achieve the best results in teaching grammar. Through these methods learners can pay their attention, increase the vocabulary, effectiveness, quickness of wit, attentiveness and the main thing is to assimilate the lesson with the interest and learn by heart grammar rules and vocabulary [2].
Diagramming Sentences
One of the older forms of teaching grammar, diagramming sentences, first appeared in the 19th century. This method involves visually mapping the structures of and relationships between different aspects of a sentence. Especially helpful for visual learners [1], this method disappeared from modern teaching at least 30 years ago. Different forms of diagramming are used to visualize sentences, but all organize the functions of a sentence in a way that illustrates the grammatical relationships between words. More recently, diagramming sentences has had small pop-culture resurgence in prints of famous opening sentences and websites that allow you to diagram to your heart's content.
Learning through Writing
This method is often used in schools in the U.S. and Canada. Students are encouraged to explore language through creative writing and reading, picking up correct grammar usage along the way. If there are specific problems with certain grammatical rules, these are covered in a more structured lesson. An emphasis is now being placed upon language acquisition over language learning, as it has been observed that learning grammar by memorization does not work well and that students are better able to recognize and understand grammatical rules when lessons are more interactive (they have to apply these rules in their own writing). Repeated practice is also important and easily achieved through creative or personal writing exercises. This article, posted by THE ATLANTIC, suggests that to better equip future adult writers, teachers in the 21st century should consider dropping outdated grammar teaching techniques in early education and opt for learning through writing techniques.
Inductive Teaching
The inductive method of teaching grammar involves presenting several examples that illustrate a specific concept and expecting students to notice how the concept works from these examples [3]. No explanation of the concept is given beforehand, and the expectation is that students learn to recognize the rules of grammar in a more natural way during their own reading and writing. The main goal of the inductive teaching method is the retention of grammar concepts, with teachers using techniques that are known to work cognitively and make an impression on students' contextual memory.
1 Abduvahabova M.A. (Scientific advisor, the senior teacher at the English language faculty 3).
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Deductive Teaching
The deductive method of teaching grammar is an approach that focuses on instruction before practice. A teacher gives students an in-depth explanation of a grammatical concept before they encounter the same grammatical concept in their own writing. After the lesson, students are expected to practice what they have just been shown in a mechanical way, through worksheets and exercises. This type of teaching, though common, has many people—including teachers—rethinking such methods, as more post-secondary level students are revealing sub-par literacy skills in adulthood. As one former teacher states, deductive teaching methods drive many students away from writing because of the tediousness of rote learning and teacher-centered approaches. Interactive Teaching
Another method of teaching grammar is to incorporate interactivity into lessons. Using games to teach grammar not only engages students but also helps them to remember what they've learned. This method allows teachers to tailor their lessons to the different learning styles of students. For instance, each student can be given a large flashcard with a word on it, and the students must physically arrange themselves into a proper sentence.
Over the years, many methods have been developed for teaching grammar and have been built upon, abandoned, or combined, all with the same goal in mind—teaching students how to communicate effectively and understand how to use the English language. Regardless of how grammar is taught, a well-rounded understanding of English grammar is the most important factor in improving the literacy of students.
References
1. Jie, X. (2008) Error theories and second language acquisition [Electronic version]. USChina foreign language, 6(1).
2. [Электронный ресурс]. Режим доступа: https: //www.educationworld.com/a_lesson/lesson/lesson33/ (дата обращения: 02.07.2018).
3. [Электронный ресурс]. Режим доступа: https://www.inklyo.com/methods-of-teaching-grammar/ (дата обращения: 02.07.2018).
ПРАВОВОЕ ВОСПИТАНИЕ ДОШКОЛЬНИКОВ Насыров С.Б.
Насыров Санджар Бахтиерович - студент, кафедра дошкольного и начального образования, Липецкий государственный педагогический университет им. П.П. Семенова-Тян-Шанского,
г. Липецк
Аннотация: в статье анализируются направления работы воспитателя, цели, задачи, формы и методы правового воспитания.
Ключевые слова: декларация прав, защита ребёнка, правовая компетентность, правовое воспитание.
УДК 331.225.3
Чувство доверия у ребенка появляется очень рано, в том возрасте, о котором человек еще ничего не помнит. Но именно в раннем и дошкольном возрасте у ребенка возникает доверие к себе, людям, миру, формируется характер, укрепляется чувство собственного достоинства и уверенности.
Декларация прав ребенка, принятая в 1959 году, является первым документом международного масштаба, защищающим права детей. Родители, общественные организации, местные власти призываются к признанию и соблюдению прав ребенка.
