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UDC: 61:378.091.31-059.2 EDUCATIONAL WORK AS A METHOD OF IMPLEMENTATION OF PLANS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF A TRAINING GROUP IN MEDICAL UNIVERSITIES
Nazarova D.,
Ph.D., associate professor, professionally-oriented disciplines Department of the Dnepropetrovsk Medical
Institute of Traditional and Non - Traditional Medicine. Dnipro
Kramar S.,
Ph.D., associate professor of the Human Anatomy Department of the State Establishment «Dnipropetrovsk
Medical Academy of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine». Dnipro
Gorshkova A.,
assistant professor of the Therapeutic Dentistry Department of the State Establishment «Dnipropetrovsk
Medical Academy of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine». Dnipro
Kramar A.
combustiologist, Public Institution «Dnipropetrovsk City Clinical Hospital №2» of the Dnipropetrovsk Regional Council. Dnipro
Abstract
The article deals with the principles of educational work, with the help of which it is possible to implement the program of group development, training and formation of a qualified specialist, which is the main goal of the work of teachers of higher educational institutions. Preliminary planning and high-quality organization of educational work can help students to acquire professional knowledge and form the necessary qualities for the physician such as morality, intelligence, compassion for the neighbor, teamwork, responsibility, and others. The article emphasizes the need for cooperation in the educational work of various staff and units of the university: from the lecturer of the department, administration of the faculty and the university to public organizations and associations. The authors emphasize the continuity of educational work, the necessity of conducting it both in classrooms in classes, and in extracurricular time.
Norwegian Journal of development of the International Science No 29/2019 51
Keywords: Educational work, student group, principles of educational work.
Introduction. The purpose of education has a social character, because the model of the formed person generalizes the quality of the social ideal. «Every nation» - as K. Ushinsky considered, - «has its own special ideal of man and demands from his education the reproduction of this ideal in some individuals. This ideal of each nation corresponds to its character, determined by its social life, develops along with its development» [1]. Each stage of society development perfected the formulation of the education purpose. «Eve-ryone has a goal in life, but not every major goal, that is, not everyone engages in the head of life. Another is engaged in the life of the womb, it directs all things to give life to the womb; other - to the eyes, other - to the hair, other - to the legs and other body parts; another -to clothes and other soulless things. Philosophy, or wisdom, aspires to the whole circle of their affairs at that end, in order to give life to our spirit, nobility to heart and grace to thoughts, as the heads of everything» - the Ukrainian writer and philosopher G. Skovoroda expressed his opinion [1]. The goal of education, declared in our society, is the formation of a harmoniously developed and socially active person with a scientific outlook, with a high moral potential, which wants and can work, spiritually rich and physically perfect. Psychology as science synthesizes this trinity with the notion of intellectual-emotional-volitional complex. Harmony is a concept that covers the problems of the harmony of nature, society and man, and involves a mutual conformity, equilibrium, order, proportionality of various subjects and phenomena [1].
The doctor heals not only the body but also the patient's soul. Therefore, the requirements for specialist physician should not be limited to the professional knowledge and training. Patients see the physician as a well-groomed, sensitive, highly moral, aesthetically advanced, intelligent person. Educational work at the university aims primarily at the training of a skilled specialist of a high international level. Nevertheless, do not forget about the spiritual qualities of a future specialist.
The primary link in the educational work of the university is the professorial teaching staff. The teacher, by his personality, influences the formation of certain components of universal and professional culture among students. «In education» - as K. D. Ushin-sky wrote, - «everything should be based on the personality of the educator, because the educational force pours out only from the living source of the human person. No statutes and programs, no artificial organism of the institution, no matter how cleverly one thought it up, cannot replace the personality in the process of up-bringing» [4].
The high culture of thinking, communication, speech, behavior, appearance, gestures, facial expressions, possession of the fundamentals of psycho-technology, moral and spiritual values, and much more is the spiritual capital of the teacher, which is a nourishing source for the students' education [2]. The leading role of a teacher in educational work consists of a large number of responsibilities: the planning of educational work, the organization of activities and the distribution
of responsibilities between performers. Moreover, the teacher should determine students' inclination, their interest in one or another kind of work, to assess their skills and ability to perform some kind of duties, to approach each student as a person.
Student self-government in higher educational institutions is an integral part of the democratization of higher education. Student self-government is an important factor in the development and modernization of society, identifying potential leaders, developing their skills in management and organizational work with the team, forming the future elite of the nation. Student self-government is also one of the components of educational work at the university. Reliance on initiative, active life position, value orientations of students is a real indicator of civilization of society, the establishment of democratic principles in it [3].
Main part. The student group is a structural unit of the teacher's work at a high school. Therefore, it is necessary to plan the development of a training group during all years of study. Educational work is one of the most important parts of the impact on the student group. It is divided into classroom educational work and extra-curriculum educational work. We must realize that the student is a structural and functional unit of the teacher's work at the university. The student group should function as a single organism, but the teacher should not forget that the student group consists of individuals with whom the teacher must work in order to achieve the implementation of the group development plans.
It is possible to put forward the following principles, taking into account the implementation of the program of group development plans:
> It is necessary to conduct educational work attracting students to a specific socially significant activity.
Planning and organizing a number of important issues around which all members of the student group will unite. For example, volunteer activities aimed at helping elderly people, abandoned children, injured soldiers. Planned visits to the «House of the Baby», «House for the elderly people», military hospital, for example, once a week, will affect the formation of compassion, care, responsibility for students who have chosen a medical profile of education. In addition, it will promote motivated learning, help one to master the skills of caring for sick people, and confidently choose the future profession. We undertake practical tasks that are difficult, but can be implemented. It requires team members tension, mobilization, association to achieve the goals, but eventually leads to success and increasing students' self-esteem. Collective work contributes to the formation of friendly relations in the group, gaining experience of working together. A student feels that his personal success depends on the efforts of other group members, and vice versa, the success of the group depends on the efforts and achievements of the individual student. Students' activity in connection with the implementation of general-group tasks implements social, labor, moral and aesthetic education of the individual.
> Ensuring a single general education, faculty, stream, and group educational activity conducted by the administration of the university, its public organizations and associations, curatorial groups and faculty members of the departments.
In this regard, the division of functions and the integration of the efforts of the teaching staff of the university are required. Important work on the formation of friendly relations in the group belongs to the teachers of faculties of junior courses, especially language training and social sciences departments. A first-year student is looking for support from a teacher, members of the group at the first stage of formation and adaptation at the university. Therefore, it is so important for the teacher not to lose the opportunity to unite the members of the group, to develop friendly relations in a group with the help of common educational tasks, group participation in student unions (for example, student scientific society), interesting entertaining events (joint voyage to historical places, trips to the theater or the cinema, sharing birthday parties, concerts and training, etc.). The figure of the teacher himself plays an important role in educational work: his high professional level, exactingness, adherence to principles leads to students respect, his positive personal qualities, morality, intelligence, respectful attitude to students, a sense of humor cause in response the desire to communicate, learn, and imitate the teacher.
> The unity of collective and individual forms of work with students to implement their goals.
Educating an individual student one should think about the education of a student group, which includes this personality. Conversely, working with a student group should have an educational effect on an individual student belonging to this group. The organization of any activities requires a teacher to determine the purpose of the event and to clarify this goal to all the team members, setting the task for the entire group, the division of duties and responsibilities of each member of the group. In this case, each member of the team has its own part of responsibility for achieving a common goal and understands that the result of the event depends on it. In this way, the teacher is able to work simultaneously with each student and with the whole group.
> The unity of the educational work in the classroom and in extracurricular time.
The education of a personality is a continuous process and not only some individual activities for a certain period of time. Specially organized educational events, the organization of the educational process in the university, the professional level of teaching staff, university traditions, and psychological climate in the university - all this brings up the student every day during his studies. A lot depends on the personality of the teacher who must meet the requirements of the higher school: to be friendly, fair, respect students, but at the same time to be demanding, fundamental. The teacher cannot be principled in the classroom, but in his free time to behave differently. During classes, it is necessary to keep distance between the teacher and the student. A joint visit to the theater, walking tours around
the city contribute to a more friendly, informal relationship between the participants in the educational process.
> Organization of competitions between groups, streams, faculties and universities contributes to the realization of educational work goals.
The spirit of the competition is present between the students in the group, on the flow. The rating form for determining the success of a student, a specialist, a department, a faculty, etc. is becoming increasingly widespread in assessing employment when comparing the work of those or other educational institutions. Therefore, it is not necessary to be afraid to organize the competition as a form of educational work. It is necessary to achieve with this form of work not envy, but the upbringing of mutual help, goodwill and friendship. Insisting on their own faculty team of humor, or at the sports club of their educational institution has positive emotions, combines students' feelings and creates a sense of unity within the team.
> Participation in intergroup, interdepartmental, inter-faculty, inter-university and international educational activities.
Any conferences, symposiums, volunteer work, cultural events, competitions in the disciplines, sports competitions can serve the purposes of educational work. When a student attends other universities, one communicates with the youth of different university departments, involuntarily compares and makes conclusions, notices the positive and negative events of the life of ones student group, the flow, and faculty. Such analytical work can cause the student's desire to change something, improve, and master the experience of others, and this is also the education of unindifference, responsibility.
> Monitoring and evaluating the effectiveness of educational activities.
Feedback is the main regulator for choosing forms and assessing the effectiveness of educational work. For feedback, it is necessary to develop indicators and methods for determining the results of educational work, to compare the results obtained with the specific goals that we aim to achieve and to adjust the further educational work. It is clear that it is impossible to quantify the effectiveness of educational work; it is not necessary to measure the educational work by the number of events, rewards received or wins. Sometimes defeat has more educational value for a young soul than a victory.
Conclusions. In order to improve the results and improve the efficiency of educational work in higher educational institutions main points are:
- qualitative selection of professorial staff members;
- student self-government acts as an active component of educational work;
- planning and organization of educational work at all levels of the university with significant goals for students;
- control and evaluation of the effectiveness of educational work, objective assessment of its results.
REFERENCES:
1. Karpenchuk S.G. Theory and Methodology of Education: Teaching guide. - K.: High school, 1997. -304 p.
2. Kuzminsky A.I. Higher Education Pedagogy: Textbook. - 2005 - 485 p.
3. Student self-governance as an integral part of the democratization of higher education. - K .: Knowledge, 2005. - 55 p.
4. Ushinsky K.D. Works: In 6 volumes. - K.: Soviet school, 1952. - Vol. 1. - P. 134.
УДК 504
DYNAMICS OF DETERIORATION OF HEALTH INDICATORS OF STUDENTS AGED 10-17 YEARS OF EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS OF THE CITY OF PETROPAVLOVSK-KAMCHATSKY
Nikolaenko E.
senior Teacher of the Chair for General and Professional Education, Regional State Autonomous Establishment of Supplementary Professional Education "Kamchatka Institute of Education Development", Petropavlovsk-Kamchatskiy FGBOU VO "Kamchatskiy State University them. V. Bering ", graduate student
ДИНАМИКА УХУДШЕНИЯ ПОКАЗАТЕЛЕЙ ЗДОРОВЬЯ ОБУЧАЮЩИХСЯ 10-17 ЛЕТ ОБРАЗОВАТЕЛЬНЫХ УЧРЕЖДЕНИЙ Г. ПЕТРОПАВЛОВСКА-КАМЧАТСКОГО
Николаенко Е.Н.
старший преподаватель кафедры общего и профессионального образования КГА УДПО «Камчатский институт развития образования», ФГБОУ ВО «Камчатский государственный университет им. В. Беринга», аспирант
Abstract
At present the increasing attention is paid to students' health decline and factors affecting this process. The given article represents the analysis of the students' health dynamics (aged 10-17) in different educational institutions of Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky. The research methodology is the analysis of the scientific literature on a given problem, as well as practical domestic experience.
Аннотация
в настоящее время все большее внимание уделяется ухудшению здоровья обучающихся и факторам, влияющим на данный процесс. В представленной статье проведен анализ актуального вопроса динамики показателей здоровья обучающихся 10-17 лет образовательных учреждений г. Петропавловска-Камчат-ского. Методология исследования - анализ научной литературы по заданной проблеме, а также практического отечественного опыта.
Keywords: indicators, health, training, educational institutions, dynamics, health groups, students.
Ключевые слова: показатели, здоровье, обучение, образовательные учреждения, динамика, группы здоровья, обучающиеся.
По данным Министерства здравоохранения Камчатского края, за последние 10 лет, на территории г. Петропавловска-Камчатского у обучающихся в возрасте 10-17 лет на 53,6% вырос уровень заболеваемости, наблюдается устойчивый рост функциональных отклонений [5].
По данным на 2005 г., среди школьников 10-17 лет к 1-й группе здоровья относилось 5,2% от общего числа обучающихся, в 2015 г. только 2,1%.
Основные показатели здоровья фиксируются на этапе приема в образовательное учреждение (далее ОУ) и отслеживаются на всех уровнях обучения. В 2005 г. среди школьников 4-х классов к группе полностью здоровых детей относилось 9,1%, на 2015 г. только 4,6% [4].
Как отмечают специалисты, самой большой проблемой для дальнейшего обучения является недостаточный уровень развития школьников. Исследование обучающихся 10-17 лет в 2016 г. позволило определить, что примерно 30% из них имеют недостаточный уровень сформированности для своего
возраста, речь идет о признаках отставания в умственном и физическом развитии. По мнению специалистов, уровень заболеваемости напрямую зависит от того, в каком возрасте было начато систематическое обучение в школе [7].
Дети, приступившие к обучению в возрасте 6,5 лет и меньше, имеют проблемы с адаптацией к учебному процессу. У таких детей чаще регистрируются отклонения в функциональном состоянии организма. Уже на 2-ом году обучения отмечается синдром хронической усталости, вызванный повышением эмоциональных и физических нагрузок в процессе обучения.
Несмотря на то, что школьники, зачисленные в образовательное учреждение раньше, демонстрируют схожие с остальные результаты успеваемости, у них чаще диагностируются заболевания, связанные с дестабилизацией функций организма.
Таким образом, можно сделать вывод о том, что один из факторов ухудшения здоровья обучающихся, возраст зачисления в ОУ.
