CC BY
29УДК 338.32
ECONOMICS AND MANAGEMENT IN POWER ENGINEERING
Voronina Ekaterina Vladimirovna, Don State Technical University,
Rostov-on-Don E-mail: vev_94katerina@mail.ru
Abstract. This article discusses the technological features that distinguish the economy of the energy sector from other sectors of economic activity. Particular attention is paid to economy of energy production funds of an enterprise. A review of the calculation of production costs in energy Economics. The main goal is the development of the industry in innovation and business continuity.
Key words: energy sector, economy, product, energy, production.
Аннотация. В данной статье рассматриваются технологические черты, которые отличают экономику отраслей энергетики от других секторов хозяйственной деятельности. Особое внимание в экономике энергетики уделяется производственным фондам предприятия. Проведен обзор исчисления себестоимости производимой продукции в экономике энергетики. Главной целью является развитие отрасли в сфере инноваций и бесперебойного функционирования.
Ключевые слова: энергетический сектор, экономика, продукт, энергия, производство.
In the national economy of any state, the energy economy plays a special role. The assessment should take into account potential opportunities, not only the current level of development. If we consider the energy situation throughout the world, then it can be considered relatively safe, since the reserves of fossil fuels are quite large.
The economy of the energy sector has its own technological features that differ from other sectors of economic activity. It requires a systematic approach to the study of features, from the extraction of fuel resources and ending with production interaction. As a result, a whole fuel and energy complex is formed. Almost all industrial enterprises of the industry interact with each other and, to a greater extent, from the paying structures. Each side seeks to achieve maximum profit. Their main task is to ensure the high-quality use of technological equipment with minimum energy costs for obtaining competitive products. Between the ranks there are often contradictions, which are exacerbated by the insufficient development of basic questions. Therefore, the problem of restructuring the organizational structure for
creating a competitive environment and analyzing market mechanisms is becoming increasingly relevant [1].
In the energy economy, one has to face a special type of product. It can't be seen or touched, since it is energy. The generated power is influenced by the consumption regime. For example, it will not be possible to produce electricity in a larger volume than is necessary at the moment. It can't be stored in warehouses. You can only accumulate small volumes.
Such goods in economic activities can't be considered incomplete. The production and transmission of electricity can't be divided into two separate categories. The main characteristics of the product are the quality. It must meet the requirements of GOST 13109-97.
In the economy of energy, special attention is paid to the production funds of an enterprise. They represent the organizational structure expressed in material form. Outline the basic and revolving funds. Such a unit is associated with their role directly in production. The basic production assets involved in the process of wealth creation. They are involved in the production or provide normal conditions for its functioning. The basic elements of any power company acts as hydraulic, turbine or similar equipment. For its acquisition accounts for most of the costs [2].
Differences between energy and industrial funds are a more significant ratio of power equipment and facilities. Therefore, economics and management in the energy sector require a different approach. In the course of operation, production backgrounds with time lose quality characteristics, that is, their cost is gradually decreasing. The equipment wears out.
Energy is one of the industries with high rates of growth of technical progress. In this regard, it largely depends on the wear and tear of capacity. Of particular importance is the establishment of optimal service life of technical resources. The expediency of reconstruction and replacement should be based on the ratio of additional costs and losses.
Energy can't be connected with calculation of cost of production. The final price is defined in monetary units taking into account not only material, but also labor expenses directly on production, transportation and marketing.
The cost of production can be of four types:
1. Shop. In this case, means only those costs that were spent only one branch of the company.
2. Manufacturing. This sum consists of expenses of the shop and general production expenses.
3. Commercial. At such option costs of production and product sales communicate.
4. Industry. It's characterized by average expenditures in a particular area of economic activity.
The cost reflects labor, financial and material costs, so this indicator plays a
crucial role in analyzing the performance of an enterprise [3].
The energy sector is of particular importance for the social and economic development of the Russian Federation. The main goal is to develop the industry in the field of innovation and smooth operation. The strategy taken includes several important tasks.
1. Ensuring a high level of security and reasonable demand for energy resources.
2. Formation of the innovative sector in the state differing in maximum efficiency.
3. Carrying out successful integration of all branch directly in world system.
4. Achievement of environmental efficiency of functioning of fuel and energy complex.
5. The formation of a stable institutional environment in the sphere of the entire Russian energy sector.
To implement the above tasks and achieve the main priorities, a scenario-situational model is used that implies an integrated approach to planning. It is based on the geopolitical and macroeconomic interests of the country, as well as the real situation in this sector.
Investments in nuclear energy can be justified from an economic point of view only in two cases: if the prices do not exceed those established in alternative production options; if the demand is large enough that the energy received is realized at a price much higher than the cost price. In the 1970s nuclear power was considered a promising area, as oil and coal prices rose rapidly. However, after ten years it became clear that such reasoning is erroneous. Demand for electricity fell sharply, and the cost of traditional fuel began to decline slightly [4].
For the development of the energy economy in any country, it is necessary to regularly analyze the acquired knowledge and improve it, and also set certain tasks and try to solve them in the most effective ways. Economic experience and a systematic approach to solving problems related to energy complexes is a prerequisite.
References:
1. Charyshkina A.V. Osobennost' jekonomiki v jenergeticheskoj otrasli // Molodoj uchenyj. — 2017. — № 12. — S. 373-376.
2. Panova A.V. Jekonomika jenergetiki: ucheb. posobie / A.V. Panova; Vladim. gos. un-t im. AG. i N.G. Stoletovyh. - Vladimir: Izd-vo VlGU, 2013. - 87 s.
3. Borisov S.A. Jekonomika jenergetiki [Jelektronnyj resurs]. - Rezhim dostupa: http:// www.nntu.ru/sites/default/files/file/svedeniya-ob-ngtu/inel/obrazovanie/och/bak/13.03.02/ eletroen_sist_i_seti/ekonom_en/Metod_ekonom_en_e_i_e_eletroen_sist_i_seti_kyrs_lekc.pdf (data obrashhenija: 20.12.2017).
4. Internet-resurs «FB.ru» [Jelektronnyj resurs]. - Rezhim dostupa: http://fb.ru/ (data obrashhenija 17.12.2017).
