CC BY
8
№ 9 (102)
a uni
1Ш. ТЕ)
universum:
ТЕХНИЧЕСКИЕ НАУКИ
сентябрь, 2022 г.
ECONOMIC INDICATORS OF THE EFFICIENCY OF LOCOMOTIVES UNDER OPERATION CONDITIONS
Oleg Ablyalimov
Candidate of Technical Sciences, professor, professor of the chair «Loœmotives and locomotive economy» Tashkent state transpоrt university, Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent E-mail: o. [email protected]
Otabek Khamidov
Doctor of Technical Sciences, Head of the chair« Loœmotives and locomotive ßconomy» Tashkent state transpоrt university, Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent E-mail: otabek. rustamovich@yandex. ru
Jasurbek Yakubov
Master, аssistant
of the chair« Loœmotives and locomotive ßconomy» Tashkent state transpоrt university, Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent E-mail: [email protected]
Anna Avdeyeva
Candidate of Technical Sciences, аssistant professor of the chair «Materials science and mechanical engineering» Tashkent state transpоrt university, Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent E-mail: [email protected]
Khusan Kosimov
Senior lecturer
of the chair« Loœmotives and locomotive ßconomy» Tashkent state transpоrt university, Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent E-mail: [email protected]
Utkir Safarov
Master, аssistant
of the chair« Loœmotives and locomotive ßconomy» Tashkent state transpоrt university, Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent E-mail: [email protected]
ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКИЕ ПОКАЗАТЕЛИ ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТИ ЛОКОМОТИВОВ
В УСЛОВИЯХ ЭКСПЛУАТАЦИИ
Аблялимов Олег Сергеевич
канд. техн. наук, проф., проф. кафедры «Локомотивы и локомотивное хозяйство» Ташкентский государственный транспортный университет,
Республика Узбекистан, г. Ташкент
Библиографическое описание: ECONOMIC INDICATORS OF THE EFFICIENCY OF LOCOMOTIVES UNDER OPERATION CONDITIONS // Universum: технические науки : электрон. научн. журн. Ablyalimov O.S. [ и др.]. 2022. 9(102). URL: https://7universum. com/ru/tech/archive/item/1428 7
a unîversum:
№ 9 (102)_ДД ТЕХНИЧЕСКИЕ НАУКИ_сентябрь. 2022 г,
Хамидов Отабек Рустамович
д-р техн. наук,
заведующий кафедрой «Локомотивы и локомотивное хозяйство» Ташкентский государственный транспортный университет,
Республика Узбекистан, г. Ташкент
Якубов Жасурбек Камолиддинович
магистр,
ассистент кафедры «Локомотивы и локомотивное хозяйство» Ташкентский государственный транспортный университет,
Республика Узбекистан, г. Ташкент
Авдеева Анна Николаевна
канд. техн. наук,
доцент кафедры «Материаловедение и машиностроение» Ташкентский государственный транспортный университет,
Республика Узбекистан, г. Ташкент
Косимов Хусан Рахматуллаевич
ст. преподаватель кафедры «Локомотивы и локомотивное хозяйство» Ташкентский государственный транспортный университет,
Республика Узбекистан, г. Ташкент
Сафаров Уткир Истамович
магистр
ассистент кафедры «Локомотивы и локомотивное хозяйство» Ташкентский государственный транспортный университет,
Республика Узбекистан, г. Ташкент
ABSTRACT
The economic indicators of the transportation work of locomotives in operation are proposed, which can be used to analyze and evaluate the efficiency of locomotives on various sections of railways.
АННОТАЦИЯ
Предложены экономические показатели перевозочной работы локомотивов в эксплуатации, которые можно использовать для анализа и оценки эффективности локомотивов на различных участках железных дорог.
Keywords: economic indicators, cost, indicator, performance, locomotive, transportation work, coefficient. Ключевые слова: экономические показатели, себестоимость, показатель, производительность, локомотив, перевозочная работа, коэффициент.
Economic indicators in the form of a monetary unit are generalizing parameters for the analysis and evaluation of the performance of locomotives in the conditions of operational activities of railways.
Calculations of the cost of conditional t km gross reflect the actual energy consumption and the mechanical work performed, which makes it possible to more specifically and purposefully find ways to reduce the cost of rail transportation and increase the efficiency of using locomotives in the process of organizing transportation work. The cash productivity indicator is a criterion for the use of locomotives, the calculations of which are related to the determination of the cost of funds for a trip, or for any period of operation (usually taking into account annual present costs for calculations).
The costs of moving a train on the 3x section can be divided into time-dependent (time) 3xb and proportional to energy consumption (energy) 3xk. In addition to these
components, there is also a third component of costs associated with the volume of transportation train work and the costs of technical inspection of cars, as well as depreciation of ballast, sleepers, protection of the track and structures, and others, which we will designate 3xh.
Thus, the cost per train section will be
3X 3XK + 3XB + 3XH (1)
In turn, we express all the terms 3x of equality (1) as follows
3xk = Itsk-E + J-AK + MaB-^c (2)
3xb = asj-gxt + lh't (3)
3xh = [Ins-m + MPo + Q)]S (4)
№ 9 (102)
a uni
1Ш. ТЕ)
universum:
ТЕХНИЧЕСКИЕ НАУКИ
сентябрь, 2022 г.
where Uk - the cost of energy, including equipment costs, rub./t or rub. / kW-h; j, MaB - expenditure rates for the repair of power units of the locomotive proportional to its mechanical work Ak and for the repair of running parts of the rolling stock and the superstructure of the track, proportional to the mechanical work of harmful resistance forces Ac, rub./kgskm; t is the travel (movement) time of the train on the section, h; gx - energy consumption for service needs t/h or kW-h/h; ae -conversion factor of consumed energy into equivalent tangential work; lh = LH+Lx+lNh+lnH m+lx - the total cost rate of the cost of a train hour, rub./h; Lh - expenditure rate for the maintenance of the locomotive, rub./h; l mx -expenditure rate of locomotive crews, rub./brigade-h; lNh - expenditure rate of train crews, rub./brigade-h; W - the cost rate for the wagon - axle-hour, rub./car. axles -h; m is the number (number) of axles in the train, axles; lx is the cost of energy consumed per hour for service needs, rub./t or rub./kW-h; lns - cost rate for the maintenance of wagons, rub./car. axles -km; lTO - expenditure rate per 1
tkm gross, rub./tkm gross; S is the distance traveled by the train, km.
For cases of train movement on the section, when Vh = Vk = 0, the value Ac of the mechanical work of harmful resistance forces will be
Л = Ak - (Ро + Q) Ho
(5)
where Ho is the excess of the end station over the initial station, m.
From (5) it can be seen that Ac in a particular section will differ from Ak by a constant value, therefore, the costs proportional to Ac will be also proportional to Ak.
3xk, 3xb and 3xh values can be calculated using data about spending rates [3] and experience on the road.
For a comprehensive analysis of the use of locomotives, one should use the value of the annual reduced national economic costs 3r, the general procedure for determining which is given in [3,4].
The value of 3r can be expressed as follows
Эг = (Эх+ЭВ+ЭЭн )-365-Яс+Э1+Э2+Эз+Э4+Э5+Эб+Эу
(6)
where 3%, 3C3h - costs during stops at intermediate stations, proportional to the time of energy consumption for the period of stops, rub./train section;
nc - number of trains per day for the considered type of work on the direction, trains/day;
3i - the share of annual deductions for capital costs for rolling stock with an appropriate payback period, rub./year;
32, 33 - the share of annual deductions for the renovation of locomotives and wagons, rub./year;
34 - reduced costs associated with the cost of cargo on wheels, the speed of its delivery and the standard payback period of rubles / year;
35 - expenses associated with the accumulation of cars at the train formation station, rub./year;
36 - expenses associated with the reserve mileage of locomotives in the direction under consideration, rub./year;
37 - costs associated with the maintenance of the station economy, taken proportional to the number of cars at the station, rub./year.
The necessary recommendations on the terms listed above are given in [3,4].
The value of 3r can also be represented by the following sum
Эг Эгк + Эги + Эг
(7)
where 3™365^3xk - part of the annual reduced national - economic costs proportional to energy consumption and mechanical work, rub. / year;
3rB = (3xb + 3b + 33H)-365-nc + 3l + 32 + 33 + 34 -part of the annual reduced national and economic costs proportional to the time spent by the train on the section and the turnover of the locomotive, rubles / year;
3rH = 365 ns 3xH+35+36+37 - part independent of energy consumption and time, rub./year.
The reduced monetary productivity of locomotives when performing a given volume of transportation will be
Yn
_ 0,434^A"
Эг+ эк
(conditional tkm gross)/ruble (8)
where XA'V is the total amount of mechanical work used to move trains per year, kgcm;
3k is the annual present share of capital investments in the section (excluding rolling stock) to improve working conditions or expand the volume of rail traffic, rub./year.
In order to identify the influence of the dependence of the components on the conditions of the transportation operation of locomotives, calculations were carried out on the computer using a special program, in which the amount of annual costs for the movement of trains on the section was also determined according to the formula
rub./year
(9)
In table. 2.1 [1] shows the distribution of components for some sections of the Central Asian (now Uzbek and Turkmen) railways.
According to the data analysis of the specified table. 2.1 it can be seen that the costs of moving trains are: for loaded trains 73 - 77 percent, and for empty trains they are reduced to 6o percent, for passenger trains this share is 74 - 75 percent.
Thus, the main part of the given annual national economic transportation costs are the costs of moving trains, and therefore, the study of factors affecting these costs is especially important. Note that the value of 3rx changes with changes in operating conditions approximately in the same proportions as the value of 3r.
Having the values of mechanical work, the forces acting on the train and the value of the corresponding
ЭХ = 365-n. -3
№ 9 (1G2)
a uní
1Ш. ТЕ)
universum:
ТЕХНИЧЕСКИЕ НАУКИ
сентябрь, 2022 г.
costs that are associated with the process of transportation work of locomotives, it is possible to determine the indicators of the use of locomotives. Such indicators are performance indicators of locomotives yx and
Yn) [2] and economic efficiency indicators of locomotives' transportation operation, which characterize the results of locomotives' work in fulfilling a given cargo flow.
With a known ratio of the net weight Qh of the cargo to the gross weight Q of the train, that is 5 = —. It is
proposed to evaluate the efficiency of locomotives transportation work on the basis of running efficiency indicators £x of locomotives transportation work, taking into account the costs of moving the train on the site, as well as indicators of the reduced efficiency £n, taking into account the annual reduced national economic costs, that is:
103
ех = —, kop I (1G conventional tkm net) (1G)
Yx-S
103
еп = —-, kop I (1G conventional tkm net)
Уп-ö
(11)
Instead of these expressions, you can also use Sx = -— and Sx =-, where an is the conversion
0,434^5 2,3T-L-aH '
factor for operating tkm net in conditional [5] ton-kilometers.
The indicators sx and sn will reflect the influence of all factors of the operating
conditions on the sections, which will make it possible to obtain comparable data on the efficiency of the use of locomotives for any cases.
Thus, the considered (proposed) economic indicators of the efficiency of locomotives transportation work together with power and energy indicators [2,6] are recommended for practical use in the locomotive economy of railways, since they are the most complete criteria for assessing the perfection of the use of diesel and electric traction locomotives in operation in the implementation of rail transportation of goods and passengers.
Reference:
1. Ablyalimov O.S. Optimization of transportation work of locomotives: questions of theory, methods, calculations, results [Text] / Monograph. - "Complex Print nashriyoti", 2020. - 488 p.
2. Ablyalimov O.S. Indicators of the efficiency of the use of locomotives in operating conditions [Text] / O.S. Ablyalimov // Universum: technical sciences: electron. scientific magazine 2020. No. 9 (78). pp. 91-94. DOI: 10.32743/UniTech.2020.78.9-1.
3. Lugovoi P.A. Technical and economic calculations for the reconstruction of railways [Text] / P.A. Lugovoi, L.G. Tsypin // Scientific and practical edition. - M.: Transzheldorizdat, 1963. - 250 p.
4. Tikhonov K.K. Technical and economic calculations in the operation of railways [Text] / K.K. Tikhonov // Monograph. - M.: Izd-vo MPS, 1962. - 252 p.
5. Tolkachev A.V. Indicators of comparative performance of locomotives [Text] / A.V. Tolkachev // Tr. TashIIT, vol. 14 / Tashkent in-t. eng. railway transport. - Tashkent, 1960. - S. 63 - 71.
6. Tolkachev A.V. Relative indicators of the use of locomotives [Text] / A.V. Tolkachev // VNIIZhT Bulletin / AllUnion Scientific Research. in-t. railway transport. - M .: Transzheldorizdat, 1963, No. 3. - S. 73 - 79.
