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Вестник Томского государственного университета. Культурология и искусствоведение.
2023. № 51. С. 15-29. Tomsk State University Journal of Cultural Studies and Art History. 2023. 51. pp. 15-29.
Original article УДК 7.01
doi: 10.17223/22220836/51/2
ECOLOGICAL URBAN DESIGN: APPROACHES TO WATERFRONT
REVETMENT
Dmitry V. Galkin1, Yuezixuan2
1 2 National Research Tomsk State University Tomsk, Russian Federation
Abstract. Authors present detailed analysis of ecological urban design applied to waterfront revetment. Modern claim of ecological values makes traditional methods of waterfront construction insufficient and inconsistent. With the growth of ecological awareness and values, people pay more and more attention to the different aspects of urban design including construction of urban waterfront. The structure and function of urban waterfront reflects ecological values and culture of cities as the driving force of economy and industry become more and more complex. Revetment considered as boundary line between water area and land area, which is the forefront of land area relative to water. The design of the revete determines whether the waterfront can become an important factor to shape city culture, public life and attract tourists. This paper discusses the meaning and importance of ecological revetment, and the different ecological revetment chosen by different river types according to local conditions. Traditional revetment design criticized since it often ignores the ecological relationship between water body, land and animals and plants, and hinders the ecological circulation system of waterways. Another serious problem considered is lack of inheritance of local historical and cultural context as well as lack of consideration of people's mental and physical needs. Authors advocate new design approach with focus on ecological values in revetment design which based on the balance the urban water environment, balance between land and water ecosystems, enhancing the self-purification effect of water body and focus on social/cultural attractiveness of revetment.
Authors analyze different methods of urban ecological waterfront design: natural prototype revetment that mainly adopts plant protection embankment; natural revetment that not only planting vegetation, but also using natural stone and wood to protect the bottom, in order to enhance the flood resistance of the embankment; artificial natural revetment on the basis of natural revetment, reinforced concrete and other materials are used to strengthen flood resistance. Authors also summarize 8 common ecological revetment design methods based on international practices: natural gentle slope revetment, ecological engineering revetment, block type natural revetment; grassy slope and step revetment; waterfront wharves and barges; boardwalk and revetment; retreating from the bench revetment; ecological vertical revetment.
Introducing author's own original sketches and plans for urban ecological waterfront design, they give common principles of waterfront landscape design such as 1) natural environment priority principle guided by landscape ecology; 2) strong links with urban planning and urban design; 3) large-scale space utilization determined by functional requirements (waterfront landscape belt usually uses a larger design scale to meet the entertainment needs of residents and tourists); 4) cultural adaptation according to local conditions (landscape design should start from the urban culture and create a landscape space with local characteristics); 5) emphasize the accessibility of hydrophilic spaces. These common principles are also the trend of waterfront landscape design. In the application of self-purification water system in waterfront landscape design, by following these design principles, the design scheme can achieve the effect of water self-purification, and can also
© D.V. Galkin, Yuezixuan, 2023
construct It is a landscape space with strong tourist attraction and beautiful environment with local natural and cultural characteristics.
Keywords: urban design, urban waterfront, ecological revetment, ecological city culture
For citation: Galkin, D.V., & Yuezixuan (2023) Ecological urban design: approaches to waterfront revetment. Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Kul'turologiya i is-kusstvovedenie - Tomsk State University Journal of Cultural Studies and Art History. 51. pp. 15-29. (In Russian). doi: 10.17223/22220836/51/2
Научная статья
ЭКОЛОГИЧЕСКИ ОРИЕНТИРОВАННЫЙ ГОРОДСКОЙ ДИЗАЙН: ПОДХОДЫ К ОБЛИЦОВКЕ НАБЕРЕЖНЫХ
Дмитрий Владимирович Галкин1, Юе Цзысюань2
1 2 Национальный исследовательский Томский государственный университет, Томск,
Россия
Аннотация. Авторы представляют анализ экодизайна городских набережных. Современные требования и экологические ценности делают традиционные методы строительства береговой линии недостаточными. Структура и функции городской набережной отражают экологические ценности и культуру современных городов. Дизайн облицовки определяет, сможет ли набережная стать фактором формирования городской культуры и привлечения туристов. Обсуждается важность экологического подхода, а также различные методы экологической облицовки в зависимости от типа рек и местных условий.
Ключевые слова: городской дизайн, городская набережная, экологическая облицовка, экологическая городская культура
Для цитирования: Galkin D.V., Yuezixuan. Ecological urban design: approaches to waterfront revetment // Вестник Томского государственного университета. Культурология и искусствоведение. 2023. № 51. С. 15-29. doi: 10.17223/22220836/51/2
With the improvement of people's ecological awareness, people pay more and more attention to the different aspects of urban design including construction of urban waterfront. The structure and function of urban waterfront reflects ecological values and culture of cities as the driving force of economy and industry become more and more complex. The revete is important element of urban design. It operates the medium between people and water. So the quality of the revete design affects the attraction of the waterfront to local citizens and tourists. The quality of the revete design and construction not only directly affects the activities of visitors, but also affects the function of the natural ecosystem, and affects the local economic and social benefits [1]. Thus, we see that waterfront design combines general urban design functions and ecological values/culture of cities with major efforts of city management.
The urban waterfront is the area with the most intensive natural factors and abundant natural processes in the city. At the same time, urban waterfront is often the most dynamic, beautiful environment and highest building density in the city where social and cultural life happen in its most vibrant forms. But it requires ecological planning which is calculation and rational arrangement of the use of natural resources and the organization of the use of geographical areas by applying
ecological principles on the condition that the natural environment is not damaged and the economic activities of one sector do not cause damage to another sector [2]. Ecological planning emphasizes the use of the overall optimization of the ecological point of view, the study of material circulation and energy flow, and then put forward the rational development and utilization of resources, environmental protection and ecological construction planning countermeasures. The ecological planning method can fully embody the initiative of artificial control of ecology, and has clear characteristics of integrity, coordination, region, level and dynamic, and has clear economic, social and ecological construction objectives.
The ecological principles and methods are used to comprehensively evaluate the revetment ecology, and the optimized spatial structure, countermeasures and schemes are put forward. Revegetation ecological planning pays more attention to the continuity of ecological process and pattern, the location and spatial connection of landscape. At the same time, the ecological planning of revetment can introduce some evaluation indexes of landscape ecosystem to evaluate the rationality of the structure and function of revetment ecological planning [3].
Present situation and problems of traditional urban waterfront
revetment design
The traditional revetment design mostly adopts the closed artificial hard revetment method for revetment construction. Although this revetment design can play a certain role in flood prevention and protection, it often ignores the ecological relationship between water body, land and animals and plants, and hinders the ecological circulation system of waterways. As a result, the water quality in this region deteriorates, and the quality of terrestrial soil components declines seriously, causing serious damage to the entire ecosystem. In this traditional approach damage to the ecological environment is expected as a side effect.
Another serious problem is lack of inheritance of local historical context. Britain, the United States, Singapore and other countries for the ecological revetment design started early, most countries in the high-speed economic development to ignore the study of ecological environment, in the revetment design received a lot of foreign modern visual landscape effect, and exciting on the processing of waterfront landscape design mostly adopt the way of hard copy sets, no comprehensive consideration of local conditions, Local climate and geography, local history and cultural connotations. Blindly copy, no characteristics, so that many cities waterfront revegeuse vertical hard design, when viewing the feeling of local characteristics, no attraction. And blind pursuit of surface beauty, loss of the original water characteristics of the protection and inheritance.
And the next important issue we can formulate as lack of consideration of people's mental and physical needs. Because the waterfront is the center of urban activities, people can carry out a variety of water-friendly activities in the waterfront, and the surrounding parks and business circles can play, walk, play in the water, fishing and rest in this area. However, the traditional waterfront revetment design mostly adopts artificial vertical hard pavement, without considering the hydrophilicity of people, the lack of interaction between people and water, and the lack of attention to the local ecological environment maintenance, which cannot meet the basic requirements of the waterfront.
In the course of this agenda, we suggest some additional reasons to advocate new design approach with focus on ecological revetment. First of all, we should balance the urban water environment. The plant community of natural revetment has the function of water storage and air purification, which can form microclimate in the plant covered area and improve the ecological environment around water body [1]. During the wet season, the water in the water body penetrates and stores to the underground water layer outside the revetment to relieve waterlogging. During the dry season, groundwater seeps into water body through revetment and plays the role of replenishing and regulating water level. In addition, a large amount of vegetation on the revetment also has the function of water retention [4].
This also means promoting the balance between land and water ecosystems. Natural slope protection enables the water body to form diverse habitats such as marshes, rapids and shoals. Thus formed the abundant shoal plants, create conditions for the fish spawning, for birds, amphibians and microbial living environment, to ensure that the biological diversity, lush green trees and grass on revetment is not only the land of insects, birds, feed, breeding, and enter the water plant roots is refuge for fish eggs and larvae, foraging provides a place, Form a symbiotic ecosystem of amphibious complex organisms.
Enhancing the self-purification effect of water body is another important notion. The soil is rich in aquatic, hygrophytic plants, which provide conditions for the attachment of microorganisms and make the water rich in oxygen. The use of plant root absorption and microbial decomposition to achieve efficient sewage purification, enhance the capacity of self-repair and purification of the river [2].
The water revetment is the interface line between water area and land area. The design of revetment determines whether water body can become an attractive space for visitors [5]. Moreover, as an ecological sensitive zone in the city, the design and treatment of the revetment also has a very important impact on the ecology of the waterfront.
Principles of revetment based on ecological values and revetment
design
Revetment waterfront planning should not only meet the needs of modern people, but also do not damage the ability of future people's development needs [6] -these are major focus and meaning of ecological values. Achieve ecological environment and economic coordination, respect the unique natural law of the waterfront. With the development of waterfront landscape as the leading, with ecological benefits, economic benefits, social benefits as the core, so that the natural and human activities to achieve a unified and harmonious realm. Construct the urban ecosystem to realize the sustainable, orderly and healthy development of landscape [7].
The construction of ecological revetment should emphasize the harmonious macroscopical whole and the reasonable proportion of all kinds of land. Planning should have overall strategic vision, coordination and unity, synchronous development [8]. Design should be dependent on the form of nature, space integration, promote ecological stability, the pursuit of the best benefits.
Important social ecological principles should be added with deeper understanding of economic ecology. City is the result of human agglomeration, and human social behavior and cultural concept are the driving force of urban
succession and evolution. Therefore, planning should be people-oriented, according to the psychological and behavioral requirements of people to reasonably organize the waterfront of various functions, improve the waterfront land use value. We should not only consider the problems of sewage discharge and flood discharge, but also improve the ecological environment of water areas, improve the accessibility and hydrophilicity of waterfront space, increase people's opportunities for entertainment and participation, and meet the requirements of the diversity of modern urban social life [17].
Urban economic activities and metabolic process are the vitality and lifeblood of urban survival and development, as well as the material basis of ecological revegetation planning. Therefore, the planning of waterfront should promote economic development rather than inhibit it, but not at the expense of ecological environment in exchange for economic development. This is also consistent with the principle of sustainable development. Ecological planning and economic planning should depend on each other, complement each other and develop together.
Urban waterfront revetment design can be divided into natural revetment, artificial revetment and ecological revetment [9]. The so-called ecological revetment refers to the restored natural river bank or the artificial revetment with the "permeability" of natural river bank, which can fully ensure the water exchange and water regulation between river bank and river body, and also has a certain flood protection ability. Ecological barges can generally be divided into three types:
Natural prototype revetment (Fig. 1) mainly adopts plant protection embankment, in order to protect the natural characteristics of the bank, such as willows by the water plant metasequoia, poplar and reed, calamus, such as like water characteristics of plants, by their growth stretches the root system to the development of solid embankments, plus switch flexible, comply with the flow, increase the ability of flood prevention, protection embankment.
Fig. 1. Natural prototype revetment Рис. 1. Облицовка по естественному прототипу
1. Natural revetment (Fig. 2): not only planting vegetation, but also using natural stone and wood to protect the bottom, in order to enhance the flood resistance of the embankment, such as the stone cage at the foot of the slope, wooden piles or slurry stone blocks and other bottom protection, the soil
embankment built on a certain slope, slope planting vegetation, the combination of trees, shrubs and grass, solid revetment.
Fig. 2. Natural revetment Рис. 2. Натуральная облицовка
2. Artificial natural revetment (Fig. 3): on the basis of natural revetment, reinforced concrete and other materials are used to strengthen flood resistance. Next to the water, aloe, calamus and other aquatic plants are planted, so that they grow luxuriant and green plants in the cracks.
Fig. 3. Artificial natural revetment Рис. 3. Искусственная натуральная облицовка
In the current river landscape reconstruction, the revetment mainly adopts the following three modes [10]:
1. Vertical revetment: this kind of revetment is generally used in the water area where the plane gap between the water surface and the land is large and the height difference between the water surface is large, or the revetment has to be built because the building area is limited and there is no sufficient space.
2. Inclined revetment: compared with the vertical revetment, it is easier for people to contact the water, increasing the interaction between people and water, and it is also more suitable from the perspective of safety. But the inclined revetment design requires more space, and there needs to be enough space for the ramp [11].
3. Step revetment: step revetment is easier to access the water, you can sit on the steps overlooking the water; But the step revetment is easy to give a monotonous artificial feeling, and the stopping place is planar, easy to water, unsafe.
Although the above ecological revegees have ecological functions, they often barely meet people's aesthetic needs and functional needs. Waterfront space is an important place of city culture to connect the relationship between human beings and water environment. The more comfortable waterfront space is, the more it can arouse people's love of water and yearning for nature.
Therefore, we can summarize 8 common ecological revetment design methods at home and abroad.
Natural gentle slope revetment.
Through the use of plants or the combination of plants with civil engineering and non-living plant materials, the instability and erosion of slopes and slope feet are reduced, and the restoration of natural river banks or permeable revetment with the characteristics of natural rivers is achieved, while realizing the symbiosis and reproduction of various organisms. The design generally has hydrophilic, water-playing function.
Key points of design: suitable for the original gentle slope of the site or the hinterland of the river section, do not need too much manual intervention revetment; slope release according to the natural repose Angle of soil (about 30°); the design form is ecological grass slope, beach or pebble beach.
1. Ecological engineering revetment (Fig. 4)
Fig. 4. Section of ecological engineering revetment Рис. 4. Секции экоинженерной облицовки
Before the formation of riparian vegetation, natural degradable materials should be used to protect the bank slope. When the slope is steep, artificial erosion prevention and reinforcement should be carried out on the bank, and vegetation and trees should be planted on the bank slope.
Key points of design: suitable for bank slope slope over the natural Angle of repose (30°) or unstable soil revete; the use of straw, jute, coconut shell fiber and other natural materials as MATS, fiber fabrics, by covering or stacking forms to organize soil erosion and slope erosion; the design form is ecological grass slope, beach or pebble beach.
The Aire in Neva, a diamond-shaped site, creates a complex network of uncertain channels based on the principle of infiltration in the form of dissipative forces. These channels cover the entire length of the new riverbed, and the design team excavated the entire site after removing the humus layer while maintaining precise control of the longitudinal distribution of the river. The size of the rhombus is determined by how much it can "accept" the original sinuous form.
2. Block type natural revetment (Fig. 5)
Beach pebble
Ь i Dry masonry revetment
Dry masonry
The pcbblce
Pic. 5. Section structure of block type natural revetment Рис. 5. Структура блочной естественной облицовки
In the steep slope or serious erosion of the lot, the stone cage, natural stone and other fixed embankment of the natural revete.
Key points of design: the use of natural stone, wood bottom protection, in order to enhance the flood resistance ability of the embankment, such as at the foot of the slope using stone bottom protection, its built a certain slope of the soil embankment, slope planting vegetation, the combination of trees, shrubs and grass, embankment protection.
3. Grassy slope and step revetment (Fig. 6)
1. Revetment treatment
2. Stone passage of cage
3. Ecological farming (consider aquatic and wet farming)
4. The area
5. Pedestrian trails
Fig. 6. Section structure of grassy slope step revetment Рис. 6. Структура облицовки травяного склона
In the form of hard revetment, grassy slope steps are set to solve the problem of large difference between the river bank and the river, which is beautiful and generous, and ensures the safety of the river flood discharge period.
4. Waterfront wharves and barges (Fig. 7)
Fig. 7. Section view of revetment structure of hydrophilic wharf Рис. 7. Структура облицовки гидрофильного причала
In the stone beach or nearshore area, the wooden hydrophilic wharf whose elevation is higher than the flood level is designed, and the walking path is set on
the normal water level below the hydrophilic wharf to increase the hydrophilic range, reflecting the humanized ecological design concept.
5. Boardwalk and revetment (Fig. 8)
1. Ecological island stay area
2. Island walkway
3. Floating walkway
4. Drain wall treatment
5. The sunken site is combined with the pavilion
Rood elevation High water level Often the water le
Fig. 8. Plank road and revetment section structure drawing Рис. 8. Тротуар и секции облицовки
The waterside walkway provides visitors with access to and stay creating a place for water viewing and rest.
6. Retreating from the bench revetment (Fig. 9)
1. Natural stones provide uneven riverbank lines
2. Stage retaining flower beds provide viewing platforms or scats
3. Planting belt 4. Water resistant plants 5. Afforest trees and shrubs to provide shelter
on,
thus
Road elevation---
High wctcr level
Fig. 9. Section structure of bench revetment Рис. 9. Структура облицовки со скамейками
In the place where the height difference is large, the layer upon layer platform is used to solve the contradiction. The low platform is hydrophilic at ordinary times, and the high platform is used for flood control in flood period.
With the revival of the river, the new 180-meter-long "Siegtreppen", redesigned further squares, promenades and Bridges in the vicinity have won Siegen its city centre on the back of the river. The legible and generous free space combines the residents' multifaceted requirements for urban living and 'green' recreation, with direct contact with the water element.
7. Ecological vertical revetment (Fig. 10)
1. Natural planting provides ecological riparian treatment
2. Combine balustrades and lamp posts to perfect the rest place Outdoor tea house 4- Green planting 5. Tree planting 6. Pedestrian trails 7. Green belts
Road elevation High woter level Often the water level Rivet lino
Fig. 10. Vertical revetment section structure drawing Рис. 10. Зарисовки вертикальной структуры облицовки
In the form of vertical revetment, it can solve the problem of large difference between the river and surrounding land, resist the greater pressure of soil behind the wall, ensure the safety of river flood discharge period, and usually provide a larger space for activities.
In the table below we are summarizing major characteristics of types of ecological revetment.
Type Materials Landscape effect Application places
Natural coastline Coastal soil and plants, the appropriate use of stone, stone, to reduce water erosion of soil The coastal habitat is rich, the landscape is natural, and the ecological structure and ecological marginal effect of land and water are maintained, and the ecological function is sound and stable The slope is naturally slow, and within the range of natural repose Angle of soil, the water level drop is small and the water flow is gentle
Biological organic material ecological revetment Degradable or renewable materials such as tree stumps, tree cuttings, bamboo hedges and straw bags help protect the slope, and then the roots of plants grow into a bank After the reconstruction or restoration of land and water ecological structure through artificial measures, the shore habitat is rich and the landscape is more natural, forming the landscape and ecological function of natural shoreline The slope is natural and can be appropriately greater than the natural repose Angle of the soil. The water level drop is small and the water flow is gentle
Integrated engineering material ecological revetment Stone dry masonry, precast concrete components, water-resistant wood, metal caisson and so on to build a high strength, porous revetment It basically maintains the permeability of natural shoreline and the hydrological connection between land and water, and provides an environment for the growth of shore dwelling organisms. Through the combination of land and water afforestation, to achieve a more natural landscape and ecological function Suitable for height difference below 4 meters, slope below 70 shoreline, no rapids of water
Hard engineering revetment Cast-in-place concrete and grouted block soil Cut off the ecological flow exchange between land and water, coastal organisms can not grow, hard landscape, can not evolve into natural landscape and form a good ecological function [12] With strong stability and flood resistance, suitable for rapid water flow, high difference between water surface and land, steep slope area
Considering eight types of urban waterfront designs with the focus on revetment and major characteristics of ecological revetment we should also pay more attention to further issues methodological and practical issues.
Should we combine the environment and carry out ecological design? Protecting the natural form of the waterfront area is an important part of the landscape planning of the waterfront area. The waterfront is a combination of natural and man-made environments, including population, animals, plants, microorganisms and abiotic environments such as soil, air, water, light and heat. A combination of interconnections, interdependencies and constraints [13]. The planning and design should implement the principle of giving priority to natural
ecology, designate and reserve complete development space for the natural ecology of the revetment, protect urban waterfront biodiversity, and establish a corresponding evaluation system to improve the overall urban environmental quality and maintain ecological balance. Planning should not only consider the development space of natural ecology, but also the needs of human society, economy and ecosystem operation [14].
Another issue is adapting measures to local conditions to increase the diversity of plants. Plant landscape is an important waterfront area. In landscape planning, the growth structure of the natural plant community in the waterfront area should be used as much as possible to increase the diversity of plants and establish a multi-level, complex and diverse plant community. According to local conditions, carry out patch planting, column planting, mixed planting, etc., and form a certain scale [15], promote the naturalization of plant communities, give full play to the ecological benefits of plants, improve self-maintenance, renewal and development capabilities, and enhance the stability and stress resistance of green spaces. Realize low-level artificial management and sustainable development of landscape resources.
Even more serious difficulty is combining the water area to form an ecological waterfront landscape. The ecological revetment plays an important role in the biological process of the water body. It integrates the water and land vegetation in the waterfront area to form a complete waterfront ecosystem. Therefore, in addition to meeting the requirements of flood control, water transportation, irrigation, etc., the waterfront coastline should use ecological revetments as much as possible to protect the characteristics and important functions of the naturally formed coastline. For water source protection areas, plant species with large growth volume, resistance to barrenness, pest resistance, and water purification should be planted to increase the self-purification effect of water bodies.
Planners and urban designers should meet the demand and create abundant waterfront space. In order to meet people's activities and spiritual needs, the planning and design of the waterfront area should consider people's desire to return to nature and to be close to the water. According to the natural environment carrying capacity of the urban waterfront area and the continuity of the natural process, combined with different locations and scales, various and multi-functional civic activity spaces and facilities are arranged to reflect the needs of citizens of different levels and hobbies, and to create people A waterfront open space that lives in symbiosis with living things [16].
Continuing the context and restore the vitality of the waterfront landscape is very important. The waterfront area of the city always contains traces of rich history and culture, which has a very obvious effect on increasing the landscape characteristics of the waterfront area. In planning, attention should be paid to respecting regional characteristics, protecting and excavating historical and traditional cultural landscape resources, maintaining the continuity of historical context, restoring and enhancing landscape vitality, and shaping a new image of the city.
Conclusion
This paper combed and reviewed the research results and development status of waterfront landscape urban design combined with ecological values and ecological concept in the revetment design, combined with domestic and foreign
studies and completed cases, carried out a detailed introduction and application analysis of ecological revetment design and the implementation significance of ecological revetment application strategy under the principle of sustainable development. Revetment as an indispensable landscape element and its important role in river landscape. The present situation and existing problems of urban river bank protection design are analyzed. This paper introduces the concept and principle of urban revetment design and the characteristics of different types of revetment design. Finally, it leads to the thinking of its future development and puts forward some author's suggestions we are offering for further designs and research (Fig. 11-14).
Section 1:150
Fig. 11, 12. Authors drawings and plans for urban waterfront designs based on presented methodology Рис. 11, 12. Авторские эскизы и планы дизайна городских набережных на основе представленной
методологии
Fig. 13, 14. Authors drawings and plans for urban waterfront designs based on presented methodology Рис. 13, 14. Авторские эскизы и планы дизайна городских набережных на основе представленной
методологии
As one of the indicators of urban livability, urban waterfront space constitutes the urban public open space, which is an important embodiment of urban characteristics and an important node for citizens and tourists to enjoy. The crisscrossed areas of natural landscapes have great ecological value, but they are also particularly fragile and sensitive, and their internal ecological balance and biodiversity are easily damaged. Therefore, the planning and design of the waterfront landscape is challenging.
In the water self-purification system scheme of waterfront landscape, the following common principles of waterfront landscape design will be followed:
1. The natural environment priority principle guided by landscape ecology. The contemporary waterfront landscape design is guided by the concept of landscape ecology.
2. Strong links with urban planning and urban design. At the beginning of waterfront landscape design, there are often urban planning or urban design with guiding or regulatory nature to point out the direction for the overall creation of waterfront space. These plans and guidelines usually coordinate natural and man-made landscapes to achieve a harmonious and smooth spatial connection. Australia's water-sensitive urban design theory systematically integrates all aspects that may be involved in the urban water system, and comprehensively coordinates
water management through a series of urban construction guidelines at different levels and scales.
3. Large-scale space utilization determined by functional requirements Since it is an important urban public open space, the waterfront landscape belt usually uses a larger design scale to meet the entertainment needs of residents and tourists.
4. Cultural adaptation according to local conditions. The waterfront landscape design should start from the urban culture and create a landscape space with local characteristics. Construction must conform to local ecological and hydrological conditions, so landscape design works are usually very regional. In terms of regional characteristics, the waterfront landscape design scheme usually also takes into account the local cultural background and value orientation, and the design scheme based on nature and cultural context can truly be adapted to local conditions.
5. Emphasize the accessibility of hydrophilic spaces. People have the nature of being hydrophilic, and the beautiful, harmonious and ecologically diverse waterfront landscape system usually attracts people to enjoy, so the accessibility of the hydrophilic space can meet the needs of tourists to get close to nature. However, the construction of hydrophilic space must be based on the premise of not destroying the sustainable development of waterfront ecology. These common principles are also the trend of waterfront landscape design. In the application of self-purification water system in waterfront landscape design, by following these design principles, the design scheme can achieve the effect of water self-purification, and can also construct It is a landscape space with strong tourist attraction and beautiful environment with local natural and cultural characteristics.
The waterfront area is a gathering point for the concentrated expression of urban characteristics. People can feel the natural and cultural environment of the city from its landscape expression. The development and construction of the waterfront landscape and the full use of ecological resources have a positive effect on shaping the new image of the city. The urban waterfront landscape planning and design should respect the principle of ecological priority, and form the coexistence, co-prosperity and sustainable development of man and nature.
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Galkin D.V. - National Research Tomsk State University (Tomsk, Russian Federation). E-mail: [email protected]
Yuezixuan - National Research Tomsk State University (Tomsk, Russian Federation). E-mail: [email protected]
The authors declare no conflicts of interests.
Сведения об авторах:
Галкин Д.В. - профессор кафедры культурологии и музеологии Института искусств и культуры Национального исследовательского Томского государственного университета (Томск, Россия). E-mail: [email protected]
Цзысюань Ю. - аспирант кафедры культурологии и музеологии Института искусств и культуры Национального исследовательского Томского государственного университета (Томск, Россия). E-mail: [email protected]
Авторы заявляют об отсутствии конфликта интересов.
Статья поступила в редакцию 20.05.2023; одобрена после рецензирования 30.07.2023; принята к публикации 05.08.2023.
The article was submitted 20.05.2023; approved after reviewing 30.07.2023; accepted for publication 05.08.2023.
