49Academic Research in Educational Sciences VOLUME 2 | ISSUE 11 | 2021
ISSN: 2181-1385
Scientific Journal Impact Factor (SJIF) 2021: 5.723 Directory Indexing of International Research Journals-CiteFactor 2020-21: 0.89
DOI: 10.24412/2181-1385-2021-11-412-418
ECOLOGICAL POLICY OF UZBEKISTAN AND PRINCIPLES OF ITS
IMPLEMENTATION
Shakhina Joraeva
Basic doctoral student of Uzbekistan State University of World Languages
ABSTRACT
Environmental policy is an important part of the humanitarian policy of any state. In particular, the state of Uzbekistan pays special attention to the industry as an important factor in building a society with high physical and intellectual potential through the protection of the environment and nature protection in its rapid development. It is creating the basis for legislation. The people who suffered from genocide during the colonial years are taking measures to make their gene pool healthier. The article is devoted to the analysis of the state policy of Uzbekistan in the field of ecology.
Keywords: Environment, ecology, law, action strategy, charter, declaration, natural resource, security, flora, fauna.
In Uzbekistan, the issues of environmental security have risen to the level of state policy. Especially in recent years, from the podiums of regional and international organizations, "the interdependence of water, peace and security issues has been emphasized". The Action Strategy for the Further Development of the Republic of Uzbekistan for 2017-2021 raises the issue of "prevention of environmental problems that may harm the environment, public health and gene pool". In 2019, based on the accumulated experience, the Ecological Party of Uzbekistan was created as the next step on the path of reforms implemented in the field of environmental policy. "This change will strengthen healthy competition in the political arena and serve to strengthen the environmental movement as a separate political force". In this regard, in order to improve the system of public administration in the field of ecology and environmental protection, the reorganization of the State Committee for Ecology and Environmental Protection is of urgent importance. State management in the field of environmental protection, rational use of natural resources and environmental safety is carried out in accordance with the legislation of the Republic of Uzbekistan and the Republic of Uzbekistan in accordance with other regulatory acts of the Republic of Uzbekistan, the Ministry of
Academic Research in Educational Sciences VOLUME 2 | ISSUE 11 | 2021
ISSN: 2181-1385
Scientific Journal Impact Factor (SJIF) 2021: 5.723 Directory Indexing of International Research Journals-CiteFactor 2020-21: 0.89
DOI: 10.24412/2181-1385-2021-11-412-418
Ecology and Natural Resources State Committee for Environmental Protection, State management is carried out by local authorities. They control and manage the activities of several sectors related to the industry. The range of activities of bodies in charge of natural resources, that is, organizations and institutions with a certain system of natural resources management, has expanded. They will also study the experience that is being implemented in foreign countries to establish environmental cooperation with foreign countries or attract investment from abroad to solve environmental problems and protect nature.
Non-governmental organizations, civil society institutions, political parties and associations take part in nature protection within the framework of their activity program. The cohesive and purposeful aspirations of the general public have become an important pillar of the security of public life.
Nowadays, ecology and environmental protection in action programs are in effect in Uzbekistan the functions are strictly defined. Of the parties existing in the republic, the Social Democratic Party "Adolat" (Justice) can be called the most active. Because of the election platform of this party outlines a number of tasks on ecology and environmental protection. In particular, the SDP "Adolat" participates in it. Due to our own efforts we try to solve problems, first of all focuses on the economic aspects of these problems. On their initiative, it would be wrong to assign all environmental problems and related issues of public health protection exclusively to the state budget. The party stands for the principle that we "have to pay pollutants and pay a lot" he says.
Party "Adolat" was cooperating with the ecological party of Uzbekistan in order to prevent the environmental pollution, ensure the integrity of the animal and plant world, the health of the populationthe issues related to issues related Party strengthening environmental review of economic projects, the research activities of NGOs providing its openness and transparency requires extensive involvement of the public, MPs said.Republican parties in the field of ecology and environmental protection with the State Committee of the Republic of Uzbekistan for the Protection and Use of Wildlife and Flora, ensuring immunity, preserving biodiversity and protecting the population, they are trying to raise their environmental relations to the level of state policy, linking the work on health protection with the position, interests and ideas of their parties.
The idea that we can change our ecological thinking or that "everything in nature serves us" during the Soviet Empire was put into practice under the slogan
Academic Research in Educational Sciences VOLUME 2 | ISSUE 11 | 2021
ISSN: 2181-1385
Scientific Journal Impact Factor (SJIF) 2021: 5.723 Directory Indexing of International Research Journals-CiteFactor 2020-21: 0.89
DOI: 10.24412/2181-1385-2021-11-412-418
"Mother Nature is our home". This attitude to nature originated in the period of independence of Uzbekistan. In the conditions of Soviet totalitarianism, the idea that a person should subjugate nature for his own purposes operated. Man now considers himself a part of nature and consonant with it. This is a serious socio-political reality in the renewing society of Uzbekistan.
"The state in the field of ecology and environmental protection Republic of Uzbekistan" About improving the system President of the Republic of Uzbekistan Shavkat Mirziyoyev signed a decree. According to the decree, ensuring environmental safety in the country and environmental protection in order to radically improve public administration in the field of environmental protection, improve the environmental situation, prevent the harmful effects of waste on the health of citizens, create favorable conditions for improving the level and quality of life of the population, further improve the system of collection, storage, transportation, disposal, processing and disposal of household waste, the State Committee of the Republic of Uzbekistan for Nature Protection was renamed the State Committee of the Republic of Uzbekistan for Ecology and Environmental Protection. His system has been improved. The powers have been expanded. The organizational and practical capabilities of public administration in the field of ecology and environmental protection have deepened even more. The responsibilities of official organizations and institutions in this area were clearly defined. In particular, the main objectives of the activities of the State Committee for Ecology and Environmental Protection are defined:
• state regulation in the field of ecology, environmental protection, rational use and reproduction of natural resources environmental protection systems, natural complexes and individual objects, improvement of environmental conditions;
• implementation of state environmental control over compliance with legislation in the field of waste-related work, creation of an effective system for collecting, transporting, recycling, recycling and disposal of household waste in close cooperation with local government authorities and citizens' self-government bodies; monitoring compliance with legislation in the field of waste management;
• protection of land, subsoil, water, forests, protected natural areas, flora and fauna production and use, protection of atmospheric air over observance of legislation in the field of protection the establishment of environmental control; ecology and environmental protection coordination of the work of nature protection, nature conservation and on the implementation of a unified policy in the field of
Academic Research in Educational Sciences VOLUME 2 | ISSUE 11 | 2021
ISSN: 2181-1385
Scientific Journal Impact Factor (SJIF) 2021: 5.723 Directory Indexing of International Research Journals-CiteFactor 2020-21: 0.89
DOI: 10.24412/2181-1385-2021-11-412-418
resource saving in the development and implementation of practical measures ensure intersectoral cooperation;
• maintenance of the state cadastre in the field of ecology and environmental protection, the creation of nurseries for breeding and keeping of wild animals, wild plants, zoology and botany state registration of collections related to the protection of the environment;
• education, promotion and education, and ecology and environment retraining of specialists in the field of environmental protection training and qualification. Currently, as part of the central office of the State Committee of the Republic of Uzbekistan for Ecology and Environmental Protection, an inspection has been established to control the formation, accumulation, storage, transportation, disposal, processing, burial and sale of waste, as well as territorial inspection units in the offices of the Committee of the Republic of Karakalpakstan for Ecology and Environmental Protection, departments of ecology and environmental protection of regions and the city of Tashkent.
In addition, under the Committee on Ecology and Environmental Protection of the Republic of Karakalpakstan, regional departments of ecology and environmental protection, state unitary enterprises "Toza Hudud" and city, as well as republican landscaping in districts under district khokimiyats for the removal of household waste, their branches on the basis of service delivery sites are organized.
Ecological knowledge and concepts are available to every person not in order for his lifestyle to improve, but for his nature it is also necessary that it harmonized. Environmental education a person treats nature with special responsibility.
Continuous environmental education, information about environmental rules and laws and in combination with ecological culture, the laws of the ecological system in the environment are not violated. The fact that nature protection is the whole social duty, ecological culture and sustainable growth always, regardless of the industry, what happens in practice becomes a socio-political reality. This is an important task not only for the people of Uzbekistan, but also for all mankind. In modern conditions, when the global environmental threat is becoming more and more serious, every person should protect the universe, the whole nature, protecting himself. Otherwise, human life is at great risk.
The influence exerted by man on the biosphere, the regulation of a favorable natural environment with social progress, the harmonization of the interaction of
Academic Research in Educational Sciences VOLUME 2 | ISSUE 11 | 2021
ISSN: 2181-1385
Scientific Journal Impact Factor (SJIF) 2021: 5.723 Directory Indexing of International Research Journals-CiteFactor 2020-21: 0.89
DOI: 10.24412/2181-1385-2021-11-412-418
conservation, human development and the problems of achieving balance in the relationship of nature are becoming increasingly relevant.
There are incessant reports of an ongoing arms race, nuclear, chemical and outbreaks of the production of other types of weapons of mass destruction, their storage and testing pose a huge danger to the environment in which humanity lives. Environmental safety as an urgent problem related to the present day and the prospects of human society has become an important link in state policy. These problems, if they are solved effectively, will largely provide an opportunity to update the state and quality of life of current and future generations.
The state policy in the field of environmental safety in Uzbekistan is carried out on the basis of the Constitution of the Republic of Uzbekistan, legislation on the environment and sustainable development, as well as the principles of the Johannesburg Declarations and the Paris Conferences, a legal democratic state and an open civil society are created through a socially and environmentally oriented market economy.
As it is known, obsolete and highly polluting industrial productions have been brought to Uzbekistan from the former Soviet Union its equipment and technologies are inherited.
In such conditions, not only industry, but also agriculture,the most important task is to maximize the "greening" of both public and household life and harmonize it with environmental policy.In subsequent years, in Uzbekistan and at the international level, it was done in the field of ecology and environmental protection,thanks to the effective measures implemented, it was possible to significantly reduce the level of anthropogenic impact on nature.
However, in the future, the following environmental conditions will be created on the territory of Uzbekistanproblems are waiting to be solved:
• Extremely difficult regional ecological situation caused by the drying up of the Aral Sea;
• perennial cotton licorice, ore fertilizers andfrom the norm of chemical plant protection products unsatisfactory quality of soils and water resources caused by overuse, degradation of flora and fauna;
• increased anthropogenic, especially industrial, impact on the quality of soil, water, biological resources and atmospheric air;
Academic Research in Educational Sciences VOLUME 2 | ISSUE 11 | 2021
ISSN: 2181-1385
Scientific Journal Impact Factor (SJIF) 2021: 5.723 Directory Indexing of International Research Journals-CiteFactor 2020-21: 0.89
DOI: 10.24412/2181-1385-2021-11-412-418
• collection, transportation and processing of industrial and household waste unsatisfactory functioning system, lack of introduction of modern, advanced technologies in this regard;
• under development of technical and methodological support for information monitoring of the state of the environment and sources of its pollution, weakness of the management mechanism of the industry, etc. Today's environmental policy of Uzbekistan is aimed at protecting individual components of nature (Land, Water, Air, flora and fauna), ensuring the holistic, general protection of ecological complexes of various levels on the territory of the country, and guaranteeing the favorable human habitat.
Environmental quality from the point of view of human health, the improvement and stabilization of ecological complexes is one of the most important directions of Uzbekistan's environmental policy. In particular, the unfavorable environmental situation in the Aral Sea region is being eliminated through the reconstruction of local reservoirs, the construction of clean drinking water pipelines.
It should be noted that in Uzbekistan, atmospheric air pollution in subsequent years amounted to 1.95, wastewater pollution decreased 2.0 times.
The use of pesticides in agriculture over the next 5 years 4 times a year on acreage.Cotton monopolism is being eliminated, crops of cereals and legumes, vegetables and melons are being expanded. The sown area of cotton has significantly decreased, accounting for about 40% of the total sown area. Currently, specially protected areas, national reserves and parks are being widely developed.
Implementation of the state environmental policy in recent years in Uzbekistan", which is the main strategic direction in Environmental protection actions in 2015and in accordance with it for these years:
- practical work was carried out on the basis of territorial environmental protection programs.
More than three billion soums, 11.3 million euros and 9.6 million US dollars have been spent on measures to implement this program. As a result, emissions of pollutants into the atmosphere in Uzbekistan decreased by 2.1 thousand tons. Faulty electric lamps containing mercury for oil refining and equipment in Navoi, Andijan and Bukhara devices were prepared and put into operation in the cities. The mass production of leaded gasoline has increased. Currently, it is directly related to industrial production National program to stop the use of substances that deplete the ozone layer, contributing to the sustainable development of the country National
Academic Research in Educational Sciences VOLUME 2 | ISSUE 11 | 2021
ISSN: 2181-1385
Scientific Journal Impact Factor (SJIF) 2021: 5.723 Directory Indexing of International Research Journals-CiteFactor 2020-21: 0.89
DOI: 10.24412/2181-1385-2021-11-412-418
strategy for the transition to a model of combating desertification National action program to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
The National Reduction Strategy, the General Scheme for the Development and Placement of protected Areas, the state standard of environmental education and the environmental education program have been developed and consistently implemented.
Measures such as preventing the production of pesticides that are dangerous to human and animal life, using safe ones if necessary, and creating biological methods as an effective and useful plant protection system are widely implemented. For this purpose, a system has been created that includes more than a thousand biological laboratories and biofactories.
Also, on the territory of the city of Tashkent and Tashkent regions, according to the results of studies on toxic waste at industrial enterprises located on the territory, landfills for the disposal of toxic waste have been identified. Samarkand, the land on the territories of historical cities such as Khiva, Bukhara, the level of groundwater elevation was taken under control and conservation measures in moderation.
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