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Slcfa ^iotyjica Stbirica
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ISSN 2412-1908
Acta Biologica Sibirica, 2019, 5(1), 141-146
Altai State University
www.asu.ru
RESEARCH ARTICLE
Ecological and biological evaluation of varietal resources Paeonia L. in Ukraine
V.A. Mazur, H.V. Pantsyreva*, K.V. Mazur, V.V. Monarkh
Vinnytsia National Agrarian University, Vinnytsia, Soniaczna St. 3., Ukraine. *E-mail: [email protected]; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0539-521
The present state of the trends of the use of herbaceous species of Paeonia L. was studied and their prospects for greening the Podillya area were determined. The cultivars and hybrids of peony culture are investigated, entered in the State Register of Ukraine and analyzed the dynamics of their creation over the years. The analysis of researches and publications of cultivars of milky-flowered breeding breeding in our country was carried out. The decorative properties of the herbaceous peony varieties (Paeonia lactiflora Pall.) Were analyzed and the characteristics of the varieties represented by the originator of the varieties represented by all indicators were studied. According to the results of the research, Paeonia L. varieties, which are entered in the State Register on a set of indicators that determine their decorative and economic and biological qualities, are recommended as objects for the enrichment of the plant variety for planting the Ukraine. The analysis of species and grade composition of Paeonia L. Key words: Paeonia L.; growing zone; direction of use; color of flower; flowering period; aroma; variety.
Introduction
An enrichment and renewal of the range of ornamental plants is relevant to any country in the world, including Ukraine. Introduction of a wide production practice of new promising varieties, selected as a result of many years of research, remains one of the main objectives of breeding. The modern direction in landscaping is the study and introduction of new flower and ornamental plants with a sufficient raw material base (Bessonova, 2010). Promising in this respect are plants of peonies, in particular decorative species, which have long been used in traditional medicine, due to healing properties. The peonies occupy a leading place among perennials, which are capable of overeating in the open ground. High decorative, durability and the possibility of wide use in ornamental horticulture, ecological plasticity of not only species but also of most varieties makes it possible to grow these plants in different climatic zones of Ukraine (Vdovenko, Pantsyreva, Palamarchuk, & Lytvyniuk, 2018; Talibov, 2008).
Creating new varieties and their systematics will significantly expand the use of peony culture in landscaping and enrich the cultivated flora of the Podillya region and Ukraine as a whole (Bruks, 2009).
For the first time, breeding work for the discovery of new varieties was conducted in China in the seventeenth century, but special attention was paid to the selection of peonies in Japan, where the first "Japanese" group was withdrawn. From the beginning of the nineteenth century, a turbulent history of peony breeding begins. The pion is especially popular among French and English breeders. After the First World War, the breeding of the peonus moved to the United States, along with interspecific hybridization (Mazur, 2018).
The most common in the world of ornamental horticulture is Paeonia lactiflora Pall (Milk Quince Peony) - these are perennial grasses of the family belonging to the family of peony (Paeoniaceae). In the world there are about 5000 varieties (Mazur, 2018; Pantsyreva, 2016a; Markovskyi, 2002).
Both white and red forms are Paeonia lactiflora Pall. grown in the gardens of China since 536 years. Here also appear the first varieties, because the breeding and cultivation of the peon was considered a godly thing. To the outstanding scientists of the breeders of the world scale are N. Lemon, J. Calot, F. Crousse, V. Lemoine, Ch. Verdier, A. Dessert, A. Miellez. Until now, such varieties have not lost their popularity: 'Festiva Maxima', 'Edulis Superba', 'Philomele', 'Mons. Jules Elie', 'Felix Crousse', 'Albatre', 'Le Cygne', 'Mont Blanc', 'Sarah Bernhard', 'Solange' and others that have been
introduced in different countries of the world, including they are valuable components of the collection fund of the National Botanic Garden of them M. M. Grishka of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (NAS) (Mazur & Pantsyreva, 2017; Pantsyreva, 2016b).
The withdrawal of new varieties of peonies was carried out within the same species -P. lactiflora until the XX century. In the years 1880-1890, for the first time, attempts were made to obtain interspecific hybrids in Europe. The French breeder V. Lemoine has successfully crossed two species - P. lactiflora and P. witmanniana Hartw. At the same time in Germany G. Arends received hybrids crossing P. peregrina Mill. and P. witmanniana Hartw, and the English breeder P. Barr crossed P. officinalis L. and P. arietina Anderson. An important contribution to the interspecific hybridization of the peony was made by American breeders M. Glasscok, M. Auten, W. Mains, W. Bockstoce, W. Krekler, M. Freeborn and especially Professor A. Saunders (Sydoruk, 2007; Mazur, Mazur, Pantsyreva, & Alekseev, 2018).
The formation and development of breeding research in the NBS is associated with academician N.N. Grishko, since the assortment of floral and ornamental plants at that time was very poor. Unique collections of flower and ornamental plants collected in the department of floriculture from various botanical and geographical regions of the world have become the basis for the creation of new varieties and hybrids (Pantsyreva, 2017; Mazur, Didur, Pantsyreva, & Telekalo, 2018).
In Ukraine, the breeding of the pion was begun in the 50's of the last century by the scientists of the florist A.A. Sosnowiec and I.S. Krasnov. In Ukraine, a large selection work is conducted by the Kiev Botanical Garden. Grishka Scientist-breeder V.F. Gorobets created many varieties: Khokhloma, Irokes, Chervonyy Oksamyt, Chervoni Vitryla, Ophelia, Uvilei Kyiva, Perlova Rosyp, Skarbnutsia and many others that are the basis for folk selection (Laptiev, 2001; Vdovenko, Pantsyreva, Palamarchuk, & Lytvyniuk, 2018).
The use of interspecific hybridization allowed the formation of varieties with very early flowering dates and varied coloration (red, coral, cherry, lavender). Depending on the use of peonies are divided into park, cutting, universal. In the family of the Pioneer families there is only one species of Peony, in which there are three groups - tree-like, herbaceous and Ito-pions, representing the hybrid of the first and others. Tree peonies are mostly grown in the East. Herbaceous peonies are widespread in the Mediterranean, Asia, Europe, North America. The high frost resistance of these plants makes it possible to grow them practically throughout the territory of Ukraine. In nature, grassy peonies grow on any open sunshine ground - in the forest lawns, in the steppes, on meadows and mountain slopes. They are not only where there is too much moisture (Sowling, 1994; Sakhatska, 2012, Vdovenko, Prokopchuk, Palamarchuk, & Pantsyreva, 2018).
Material and methods
Materials for researches were varieties and hybrids of Paeonia L., entered in the register of plant varieties in Ukraine and recommended for distribution. The research was conducted during 2016-2018 on the basis of the expositional area of the Botanical Garden «Podillya» of the Vinnytsia National Agrarian University. Soil-climatic conditions of the study zone are favorable for the cultivation of the investigated species Paeonia L.
Results
It has been established that in the State Register of Varieties Paeonia L. breeding work on the creation of new varieties of pionne in Ukraine is still insufficient. Numerical composition of the species Paeonia L. in Ukraine is, today, 42 varieties and hybrids, (Figure 1). Most varieties were created at the expense of the hybrid fund on the basis of varieties P. lactiflora, as well as the starting material for the breeding process served as varieties P. lactiflora and P. officinalis. The registration of the studied species of peony in Ukraine was conducted for 25 years. It has been established that from 2003 to 2012, Varieties not eligible for distribution in the State Register of Varieties of Paeonia L. were not registered.
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
1993-1999
2000-2009
2010-2018
Fig. 1. Registration of pion varieties in the State Register of Plant Varieties, suitable for distribution in Ukraine in 2018 over the years in Ukraine (1993-2018)
The following are included in the State Register of Plant Varieties of Ukraine varieties of pions: Yasochka, Uvilei Kieva, Chumatskyy Shlyach, Chervona Veza, Champion, Charivnyk, Chaklunka, Chervoni vitryla, Chervonyi oksamyt, Chochloma, Favorit, Svitlana, Svitoch, Scarbnytsia, Pysanka Kolomyi, Ofeliya, Metelyk, Malynova Varta, Mriya, Lichtaryc, Lybid, Kobzar, Koryfei, Kvazimodo, Irocez, Zemchuzna rozsyp, Ducat, Gercules, Vesilna, Benefis, Beregynya, Antey, Vesnyane defile, Svitancova Poema, Zoryana, Cheburachka, Cocetca, Geroyam nebesnoi sotni, Travnevi rosy, Blondyn, Chornomor, Svitlyachok (Table 1 ) (Horobets, 2017).
Table 1. Varieties of Paeonia L., entered in the State Register of Plant Varieties, suitable for distribution in Ukraine in
2018
№ Varieties (hybrid) Recommended zone for growing Exploitation Year of
in Ukraine registration
1 Vesilna Forest-steppe, Polissya Ornamental and Healing 1997
2 Benefis Ornamental and Healing 2003
3 Beregynya Forest-steppe, Polissya Ornamental and Healing 1997
4 Antey Forest-steppe, Polissya Ornamental and Healing 1999
5 Vesnyane defile Forest-steppe, Polissya Ornamental 2016
6 Svitancova Poema Forest-steppe, Polissya Ornamental 2013
7 Zoryana Forest-steppe, Polissya Ornamental 2013
8 Cheburachka Forest-steppe, Polissya Ornamental 2013
9 Cocetca Forest-steppe, Polissya Ornamental 2013
10 Geroyam nebesnoi sotni Forest-steppe, Polissya Ornamental 2016
11 Travnevi rosy Forest-steppe, Polissya Ornamental 2016
12 Chornomor Forest-steppe, Polissya Ornamental 2016
13 Blondyn Forest-steppe, Polissya Ornamental 2016
14 Svitlyachok Forest-steppe, Polissya Ornamental 2016
15 Yasochka Forest-steppe, Polissya Ornamental and Heal ing 1997
16 Uvilei Kieva Ornamental and Heal ing 2003
17 Chumatskyy Shlyach Ornamental and Heal ing 2009
18 Chervona Veza Ornamental and Heal ing 2008
19 Chempion Ornamental and Heal ing 2008
20 Charivnyk Forest-steppe, Polissya, Steppe Ornamental and Heal ing 2008
21 Chaclunca Ornamental and Heal ing 2003
22 Chervoni vitryla Forest-steppe, Polissya Ornamental and Heal ing 2000
23 Chervonyi oksamyt Forest-steppe, Polissya Ornamental and Heal ing 1993
24 Hochloma Forest-steppe, Polissya Ornamental and Heal ing 1993
25 Favoryt Ornamental and Heal ing 2008
26 Svitlana Forest-steppe, Polissya, Steppe Ornamental and Heal ing 2008
27 Svitoch Forest-steppe, Polissya Ornamental and Heal ing 1994
28 Scarbnytsia Forest-steppe, Polissya Ornamental and Heal ing 1998
29 Pysanka Kolomyi Forest-steppe, Polissya Ornamental and Heal ing 2009
30 Ofeliya Ornamental and Heal ing 2000
31 Metelyk Ornamental and Heal ing 2008
32 Malynova Varta Ornamental and Heal ing 2009
33 Mriya Forest steppe, Polissya Ornamental and Heal ing 1997
34 Lichtaryc Forest-steppe, Polissya, Steppe Ornamental and Heal ing 2008
35 Lybid Forest-steppe, Polissya Ornamental and Heal ing 1997
36 Kobzar Forest-steppe, Polissya, Steppe Ornamental and Heal ing 2008
37 Koryfei Ornamental and Heal ing 2003
38 Kvazimodo Ornamental and Heal ing 2009
39 Irocez Forest-steppe, Polissya, Steppe Ornamental and Heal ing 2008
40 Zemchuzna rozsyp Forest-steppe, Polissya Ornamental and Heal ing 1994
41 Ducat Forest-steppe, Polissya Ornamental and Heal ing 1997
42 Gercules Ornamental and Heal ing 2009
The main areas of use of varieties and hybrids Paeonia L. are decorative (planting, cutting) and medicinal. The plant is cultivated, as a rule, in gardens and orchards as decorative, and in folk medicine is used in addition to flowers and rhizome of peonies (Pantsyreva, 2018).
According to the results of the research, the main morphometric indices (height of plants, diameter and color of the flower, terms of flowering) of the decorative-valuable varieties of Paeonia L. are given (Figure 2).
120 1 on
80 60 40 20 0
N N N N N
////////M <4°* J" kJ V
Fig. 2. Height of plants of the peonies, entered into the state registry of Ukraine, cm
Growth processes in plants are always accompanied by an increase in their size and mass and diameter of the flower (Figure 3).
90
1 « 1
10 « 1 \ 1
1
0 1 1
/? y V y
Fig. 3. Flower diameter of the peonies, entered into the state registry of Ukraine, cm
Growth, like all other processes in a plant, is a function of time, which is outwardly expressed in periodic and rhythmic fluctuations of its intensity and can be expressed by a mathematically positive magnitude.
Natural features of the species Paeonia lactiflora Pall, plasticity to change their vital form, high quality by a combination of features that determine their extraordinary decorative characterizes these varieties as a source for enriching the range of ornamental cultures in Ukraine (Table 2).
Table 2. Decorative value of varieties Paeonia L.
№ Varieties (hybrid) The lines of Color of the Aroma Flower shape
flowering flower
1 Yasochka average pink weak terry
2 Uvilei Kieva medium late white fragrant terry, rosy
3 Chumatskyy Shlyach very early red weak not terry
4 Chervona Veza early red fragrant not terry
5 Chempion average white fragrant terry, rosy
6 Charivnyk average white fragrant terry
7 Chaclunca early red fragrant terry
8 Chervoni vitryla early red weak not terry
9 Chervonyi oksamyt early middle red weak terry, half terry
10 Hochloma early red weak simple
11 Favoryt average red weak terry, rosy
12 Svitlana late pink weak terry, rosy
13 Svitoch medium late red, pink weak terry
14 Scarbnytsia average pink weak terry, rosy
15 Pysanka Kolomyi very early red weak simple
16 Ofeliya very early red weak terry, rosy
17 Metelyk very early pink fragrant terry
18 Malynova Varta average red fragrant terry
19 Mriya average white weak terry, rosy
Mazur V.A.. et al. Ecological and biol ogical evaluation of varii stal resources P aeon. ia L. in Ukraine , 146 Acta Biologica Sibirica, 2019, 5(1), 141-146
20 Lichtaryc average pink fragrant terry
21 Lybid very late pink weak terry
22 Kobzar medium late pink fragrant terry
23 Koryfei average red weak terry, rosy
24 Kvazimodo average pink weak terry
25 Irocez very early pink weak terry
26 Zemchuzna rozsyp early pink, yellow fragrant japanese
27 Ducat average red weak terry
28 Gercules early red weak terry, rosy
29 Vesilna early white fragrant terry, rosy
30 Benefis very early red weak terry, rosy
31 Beregynya early pink weak terry
32 Antey average red weak terry, rosy
33 Vesnyane defile early pink weak not terry
33 Svitancova Poema very early pink weak not terry
34 Zoryana early pink fragrant anemo
35 Cheburachka early red fragrant japanese
36 Cocetca very early pink fragrant not terry
37 Geroyam nebesnoi sotni early pinkish-purple weak not terry
38 Travnevi rosy very early pink weak not terry
39 Chornomor early red fragrant terry
40 Blondyn very early white weak not terry
41 Svitoch very early pink fragrant half terry
42 Svitancova Poema very early pink weak not terry
All varieties of Paeonia lactiflora Pall of Ukrainian breeding are perennials, but they vary in size and shape, color, color scheme, flowering duration, etc. (Kataloh sortiv roslyn, 2018).
It is the enrichment of the varietal variety of the decorative species Paeonia L. breeding, expansion of variants of simple and complex garden compositions with their participation, more even distribution within the settlements, will considerably approximate the design of the inhabited cities of Ukraine to the level of the best world examples.
Conclusions
Established in the field of horticulture, the species Paeonia L. is represented by a significant number of species (40) and rich varietal assortment of more than 5,000 varieties. At the same time, it was revealed that the range of decorative cultures of Ukraine includes 5 species, that is, less.
From the practical point of view, all the studied varieties and hydrides of Ukrainian selection are of interest as potentially valuable objects for enriching the range of ornamental plants in Ukraine and are promising for the creation of a monosade based on the Vinnytsia National Agrarian University.
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Citation:
Mazur, V.A., Pantsyreva, H.V., Mazur, K.V., Monarkh, V.V. (2019). Ecological and biological evaluation of varietal resources Paeonia L. in Ukraine. Acta Biobgica Sibirica, 5 (1), 141-146. Submitted: 15.01.2019. Accepted: 01.03.2019 crossref http://dx.doi.org/10.14258/abs.v5.il.5350
© 2019 by the authors. Submitted for possible open access publication under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
