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УДК 294.3
ZEN BUDDHISM OF VIETNAM IN THE CONVENTION OF RECENT INTERNATIONAL INTEGRATION
Le Ngoc Thong
National Economics University, Hanoi, Vietnam e-mail: [email protected]
At present, with the International integrationtrend, Vietnam carries and contributes to the common property of humanity by many factors, including Buddhist meditation in Vietnam. With respect and scientific spirit, using a combination of methods, mainly the documentsanalyzing method, on the basis of the historical-logic method, combined with analytical-synthesis method, the article reflects the fundamental humanity conceptionof Vietnamese Zen Buddhism (self-reliance, creative...). The article focuses on the principles of Zen (outside of doctrines, not writing, directing the mind, straight to the Buddha). The article shows the meaning and effect of Zen Buddhism ideologies in the trend of international integration. Base on that and then point out the corresponding conclusions.
Keywords: Buddhism, cultural, ideologies, international integration, self-reliance, zen.
Full article Introduction
Nowadays trendis a world of multi-popularity and a deep-seated economic globalization; Peace, cooperation and development remain. In order to take advantage of new opportunities and opportunities, and minimize the consequences of the risks and challenges that such trends bring, countries must take full advantage of all available resources. In it, there are traditional values. For many countries, especially East Asian countries, Zen Buddhism is a valuable traditional value that needs to be preserved and promoted. The new age creates opportunities to enhance the role of Zen Buddhism ideologies throughout the world.
Discussion
1. Zen Buddhism Introductions (Zen Buddhism)
The term "meditation" in Indian language is "jhana"; "Dhyana"; in Chinese is "chen"; inJapanese as "zen"
Meditation means choosing and focusing the mind to an object, creating the ability to eliminate disturbance in mind. Through this, the stream of human reflection is the object of meditation.
Meditation means distinct mindorabhidharma(anxious state: thought of doing something, reflection, thinking, research ...).
Distinction means to keep (only, stop, prevent) the anxious states, to calm the mind, not to delusions, bothered harassment, then the mind is clear.
There are many ways to practice meditation. It is concentration, by mechanism: when the brain concentrates on an object, it creates an inner strength; Inhibit and cause other parts of the cerebral cortex to rest. Thus, avoiding the phenomenon of mind scattered.
Meditation has a great effect: making the mind calm; invention and creative; create a confidence, courage and diligence person.
According to AjahnChah (2008), "Living in the world meditating, others find you like a gong not to be touched and not make any sound. They think you are as crazy and
failure. But truly the contrastion is correct.The truth was hidden in the unreal, as well as the constant hidden in the impermanence1". Meditation develops through five forms: paganism, vulgar man, Theravada, Mahayana, Zen.
(1). Paganism meditation is in brahmanism, Caodaism, yoga practice, hypnosis practice ... Through meditation, human beings have the ability to divine and be immortal.
(2). Vulgarman's meditation of the earthly humans hopes to escape from the miserable life, enter the happy scene. Vulgarman's meditation has four levels (four meditations): first, second, third, fourth meditation.
(3). Theravada meditation (original meditation) with the motto: "self-importance, self-awareness" with the enlightenment: bar and sprit; Mastership; Momentum; Ana function; Ala.
(4). The Mahayana meditation (also known as the world-leading meditation) with the motto: "self-interest, benefit releasing; Self-awareness, sense of forgiveness"
(5) Saijojo Zen Meditation - Zen Buddhism.
ZenBuddhism is the result of the development of human concept in meditation. It is a cultural heritage of the East - a doctrine, a method of spiritual practice before Buddhism, from ancient times in many countries.
Zen Buddhismapplied their own style of meditation and become one of the ten sects of Buddhism (Kosa, martial arts, theology, dharma, samatha, dharma, celestial, meditation, Bodhi, and the pure total).
The motto of meditation: Enlightened people use the mind to enlighten others. It is the mind that causes the meditator to recognize the provisional. At the beginning of history, Zen is associated with the Shingles, and later the Sutras, and indeed Zen Buddhism is the core of Buddhism.
Buddhism from India has entered many countries, including Vietnam. The core values of Zen Buddhism spread and became real property in some ethnic groups and became factors contributing to the creation of a multicultural culture.
2. History of ZenBuddhism in Vietnam
Zen Buddhismhas been introduced into Vietnam (from the late sixth century, around 580 AD), by the founder of the Buddhist monk Ta Ni Da Luu Chi, then developed into many ZenBuddhismsects.
In the 13th century, the head of Truc Lam Dai Dau Da founded the Truc Lam Yen Tu ZenBuddhism sect. For a long time, Vietnamese Zen Buddhism seemed to be latent, until after the age of Le dynasty -in the 17 th century, Zen Master Chan Nguyen abbot Long Dong pagoda has revived the Truc Lam Yen Tu. Then the disciples promoted. This success is due to the Vietnamese Zen teachers - the realists, the person toward the high beautiful things and the incarnation, etc. It is the personality and motto of fate: "depending on the chance that education, depending on the time to act, a tireless life for the benefit of human beings"2.
Nowadays, the monk Thich Thanh Tu revived Truc Lam YenTu Zen Buddhism worship place. Since then, "opened the page of Vietnamese medieval history and the Truc Lam Yen TuZen sect both growsgreatly at the end of the twentieth century, the early twenty-first century today and tomorrow." Vietnamese ZenBuddhism, by motto fate, formed many sects: Ti Ni Da Luu Chi; Vo Ngon Thong; Thao Duong; Truc Lam; Lam Te; Lieu Quan.
1 AjahnChah; Ty Khuu KhanhHyAggasami. Translated by Tran Minh Tai (Buddhist calendar 2009, 2008), "The calm lake"; Source: Buddha Sasana.
2 The Buddhist Monk Thich Thanh Tu, (1994), "Zen Buddhism in Vietnam at the end of the twentieth century, Ho Chi Minh publishing house, p. 12.
3. Characteristics and effects of Zen Buddhism in Vietnam
Derived from the content of Buddhism, with the specific historical-social context of the country, Zen Buddhism in Vietnam is an orthodox Zen sect and has a clear national color.
As an orthodox Zen sect, Zen Buddhism in Vietnam has the following characteristics: Upadana; enlightenment immediately, Mind transmission.
However, Zen Buddhism in Vietnam has its unique features:
(1) Zen Buddhism contributes to the creation of human beings with all three precious qualities: self-belief, courageous, diligent.
Self-belief, believe in yourself, believe in the results of cultivation, believe in good karma, good in each person. Since then, people are self-reliant, self-strengthening, creative, do not shirk responsibility, do not rely on others, do not retreat in hard situation; Courageous: Strong forceful, fearless, be brave over difficult, dangerous, determined to progress for results; Diligent: surely believe in work that we have ability to do, hard working in day and night, not abandon.
(2) Zen Buddhism associates with the prosperity of the local nation
In fact, society and religion are closely relatedness. Dharma is suitable for society. When the nation is independent, the Buddhist discipline towards self-reliant. When losing sovereignty, the Buddhist discipline towards power. ZenBuddhism prevailed in China in the Tang Dynasty; Song Dynasty; until the Yuan dynasty, Zen Buddhism was weakened, and made room for Pure Land Buddhism. In Vietnam, the Ly dynasty, the Tran dynasty,Buddhism was mostly Zen. In the Le dynasty, Zen Buddhismwas becoming weaker. When Vietnam was subordinate to France, Zen Buddhism became latent. In Japan, Zen Buddhism up to now still stands. So, the prosperity of the nation is the prosperity of ZenBuddhism, because ZenBuddhismemphasizes self-belief, self-reliant.
(3) Zen Buddhism is realistic
Zen Buddhism advocates intellectual development, pointing out the true value (true mind) of humans. The mind is expressed in six sense organs: eyes, ears, nose, tongue, body, and consciousness. Reality is becoming clear, when practicing elaborately, meditators practice in every action, in four majesty(walking, standing, lying, sitting), especially at work. By hard-working, so workthoughtfully and forget tiredness. Because of the attention people have the creative.
(4) The practice of meditation is suitable for nourishment, the human body regulates, regulates the breathing and mind, eating, working, resting in moderation, the person will be healthy. If suffering from illness, meditators let it go, no worry, no anger, no fear, no sadness, make their inner internal peace and quiet, people will be calm and the disease easy to heal. Practice meditating on the heat inside the persondefeat cold air, and will not catch a cold. "Meditation is brought to life, serving the nation, the people and the social crowd, guiding people to cultivate and perfect moral virtue..."3
4. Principles of Zen Buddhism in Vietnam
To promote the intrinsic realization of Buddhism, Zen Buddhism implements the doctrine: the Non-doctrinal transmission, no script, straightly to the human mind, revelation of the Buddhist4.
(1) Non-doctrinal transmission (outside the doctrines)
3 The Buddhist Monk Thich Thanh Tu, (1994), "Zen Buddhism in Vietnam at the end of the twentieth century, Ho Chi Minh publishing house, p. 76.
4 BaisetzTeitaro Suzuki (2005), Thienluan, Quyenthuong, Ho Chi Minh General Publishing house, p. 206.
Enhancing the intrinsic realization of the mind, the practitioner uses the mind to realize the essence, the mind. Through that people will live creativity, realistic, do not deceive themselves and others.
(2) No script
"No script" does not mean leaving out the language, silent for life, but asking people to pass the script. When pass the script, people go back to creative writing with no mistake and also avoid talking without real live.
(3) Straightly to the human mind.
It is the immediate effect as well as the lively and creative method of the realized Zen masters, forcing the disciple to approach the lively reality in order to perceive the truth, not through complex interpretations. That is very helpful to the person who has sensitive foundation. It is "bold tricks" cut off the rampant thought stream of consciousness, out of all means of thinking, the mind becomes empty, so that there is an opportunity to acquire the truth of Zen, "The trick is especially suited to the current foundation, benefit only for the current foundation and not applies to everyone"
(4) The nature enlightenmentto become Buddha.
Seeing is the truth, the true mind should be identical with the view of the Buddha. "Becoming the Buddha is enlightenment, is liberation. The concept of "Becoming the Buddha" is more about practice than reasoning.
5. The main ideologies serving people of ZenBuddhism
Zen Buddhism principles are expressed through many ideologies. In which including ideas that affect the direction of life and positive impact on society.
(1) Depending on chance idea: based on the specific conditions of the self and the circumstances in which the action is appropriate.
(2) Mindfulness awareness idea: right awareness of the self, the own mind.
(3) The idea of self-reliance - creativity is the result of the two ideas above. It is self-control, positive, right thing for the benefit of human.
(4) Peaceful - harmony idea and direct thought of humanity. Originating from the policy of "Peaceful mind, peaceful human life, peaceful mind then peaceful human, peaceful mind then peaceful world," Meditation requires the implementation of "Tan luchoa," (The principle of living in harmony, unity in the holy love of the community) content of "Tan luchoa": Family needs to reconcile; People need concord; Society needs harmony; People need peace; The world needs peace.
These ideas within specific social conditions are materialized and thereby affect into the real life.
B. The age meaning of Zen Buddhism ideologies
1. Meaning, influence effect of the idea "depending on chance ".
Ideological content: "Throw away love and hate, calm down before happened things. It is the main goal of meditation practice.5 "It can be considered as one of the social-historical arguments for the operation of the world's common tendency, ensuring the principle of "respect for independence, sovereignty and territorial integrity, non-interference in internal affairs, settlement of disagreements and disputes through peaceful negotiations; respect for one another, equality and mutual benefit". That guides the activities in international economic integration to expand economic relations with many countries, many regions of the world regardless of political-social institutionsand ideological.Implementation of multilateralisation and diversification of relations are not spread out but must have the focus, the core. Give high priority and adequate attention to the development of cooperation,
5 Vietnam Buddhist Academy in Hanoi (2007).Yearbook of V, freshman year. P. 99.
peaceful friendship and fairness between countries in dealing with relationships, creating balance and stability.
Depending on chance bases on the specific conditions, nature of relationships and the highest moral standards - for the benefit of humanity, not harm the legitimate interests of each country.
2. Meaning, influence effect of the idea "awareness "
Ideological content: attention, well aware of the behavior, the self-emotions. So to that, must to "watch yourself". Keep watching the reactions of yourself"6 (Actually know yourself (the state of the country), know the people (other countries and the world). Being aware of the international situation is one of the important bases to guide the process of international economic integration. The similarity between the two realities has great significance in the existence of countries. Proper perception, properly assess the current international situation with complexity difficult to predict. Actually, in the spirit of awareness requires always scrutinize reality, apply appropriate methodology to assess more and more deeply and precisely on the times, to make suitable and effective policies.
3. Meaning, influence effect of idea "peace - harmony"
Ideological content: Harmony with people, around and with themselves. "An important element in the integration process is the peace factor, since only peace brings prosperity and social stability"7. In the international arena, implementation of respect for the right of ownership of the subject, the pursuit of healthy competition, the maintenance of independence and self-control, contributing to the building of the human family of tolerance, respect and cooperation.
4. Meaning, influenceeffect of "self-belief, creativity"
Ideological content: "right belief -steady faith, unshakable faith, arising from their own understanding"8 At the same time continuous self-control, beyond the situation. Since then, it will contribute to create autonomy, actively active in integration. Consistency with the chosen position brings peace to the people. Consequently, the subjects not only have to equip themselves with scientific knowledge, specialized knowledge, and skills to work and communicate, but also to gradually formulate their views and beliefs so as not to falter or be confused with variables of the great endeavor of the age. Follow the Zen Buddhist principle: "liberation mood" helps individual to understand clearly, but not dependent on the circumstances but proactively overcome. As for the whole nation, that ideaisas a base, a direction for the task of preserving national cultural identity. It is the visceral element of a self-reliant, independent economy, absorbing the human culture and contributing to the cultural values of the nation.
5. Meaning,influenceeffect of the idea "straight tothe true mind"
Ideological content: discovering and promoting the potential power in people, understanding correctly about themselves "know themselves, know us". Then, people will understand, read their own mind. For each nation, it is the process of upholding spiritual nationality, quintessenceof nationality, independence and self-reliance, combining the absorption of external power with the inner power to create the force and power and the national status in international relations.
6. Meaning, influenceeffect of ideology and creative thinking style of ZenBuddhism
6 AjahnChah; Ty Khuu KhanhHyAggasami. Translated by Tran Minh Tai (Buddhist calendar 2552, 2008), "The calm lake", p. 218.
7 The "Tan luchoa" initiated by the World Buddhist Forum for the first time was held in China with the theme " Tamtinhquoc do tich, tam anchungsanh an, tam binh the gioibinh".
8 AjahnChah; Ty Khuu KhanhHyAggasami. Translated by Tran Minh Tai (Buddhist calendar 2552, 2008), "The calm lake"; Ho Chi Minh publisher collection, p. 24.
* Zen Buddhismteaches the quick recovery of strength, applicability, adaptability and flexibility, no imposition, dogma, conservative. When approaching a new situation, new challenge, it requires a new response, if an individual is a non-dogmatic, then the well-publicized society. Hate cannot end with hatred but with love.
* Awareness of the world, the age, the process of international economic integration, scientific objectivity, dialectics, avoid of subjective imposition, derived from the logic: All laws are generated by the consciousness in a subjective way, focusing mind only, then produce action.
* Consistency in purpose, flexibility in the combination of forces in the body - mind and the environment, good implementation principles and methodology: "Keeping cool/calm is to cope with multi-unexpected changes".Keeping cool/calm is loyalty to the goal of happiness and well-being for people, but the measures are "multi-unexpected changes" due to depending on their chance and always towards the basic and long term goal.
* For each nation, always maintain independence, self-controlling, firmly grasp the trend of the age in the development, suitable with the law; moveable, flexible in life. Today, the world is building the human's family. It is necessary to bring the dowry of each country to join the family, contribute to the benefit of humanity, increase the outward-looking ritual and increase the inward-looking ritual and bring into full play the human potential.
Zen Buddhism creates the value "Vietnamese Buddhism has experienced thousands of years of history, at any time, Buddhism is also compassionate, exhalation, taking the realistic - good and beauty to educate beings, take intellectual and serving the country as a career and motto of action, ... the good values of Buddhism have contributed to the development of the good values of the Vietnamese people. The history of Vietnam has recognized Vietnamese Buddhism as having made a worthy contribution to the protection and building of the country"9.
Conclusion
Zen Buddhismideology is indeed the seed that will sprout the spring for opportunity in the past, present and future. Individuals, ethnic groups will depend on sensitive foundationto explain thentake appropriate action. Then, "Meditation opens up all inner and natural abilities accumulated in each of us, which in ordinary circumstances shrinks and twists away, so that cannot escape anywhere"10. Therefore, in the process of international integration, the subjects should use the combination of modern values and traditions to solve today's work, creating a favorable environment for the operation. Zen Buddhismis really the essence of Buddhism with great moral and human values. This is conducive to the stability and development of each nation and the world community, in line with the trend of international integration.
References
1. AjahnChah; Ty Khuu KhanhHyAggasami. Translated by Tran Minh Tai (Buddhist calendar 2009, 2008), "The calm lake"; Source: Buddha Sasana.
2. Buddhist culture (2011), Straightto human mind; Available at: https://hoavouu.com/a14178, Posted on 08/5/2011.
3. DaisetzTeitaro Suzuki (PL 2533 - 1989), Thien Luan, Quyenthuong; Vietnamese translatator: TrucThien; The Buddhist Institute International Publisher
4. DaisetzTeitaro Suzuki (2005), Thienluan, Quyenthuong, Ho Chi Minh General Publishing house.
5. The Buddhist MonkThich Thanh Tu, (1994), "Zen Buddhism in Vietnam at the end of the twentieth century, Ho Chi Minh Publishing house. 4. Vietnam Buddhist Academy in Hanoi (2007).Yearbook of V, freshman year.
9 Vietnam Buddhist Academy in Hanoi (2007).Yearbook of V, freshman year. P. 31.
10 DaisetzTeitaro Suzuki (2005), Thienluan, Quyenthuong, Vietnamese translator: TrucThien. Buddhism Academy Publishing house, p. 04.
6. World Buddhist Forum was first held in Hangzhou, China (April 2006), "Tam tinhquoc do tich, tam an chungsanh an, tam binh the gioibinh"
ДЗЕН БУДДИЗМ ВО ВЬЕТНАМЕ В УСЛОВИЯХ СОВРЕМЕННОЙ МЕЖДУНАРОДНОЙ ИНТЕГРАЦИИ
Ле НгокЧонг
Национальный экономический университет, Ханой, Вьетнам e-mail: [email protected]
Буддийская медитация во Вьетнаме в настоящее время, является одним из тех благ, которые государство вкладывает в развитие человечества, благодаря международной интеграции. Автор дает определение медитации как выбора и фокусировкиразума на объекте, способности устранять лишнее. И, исходя, из этого, поток человеческого отражения является объектом медитации. В практике медитации существует много способов, но все они сводятся к единой схеме: мозг концентрируется на объекте и создает внутренние силы и затем ингибирует и заставляет другие части коры головного мозга отдыхать. Таким образом, происходит избегание явления рассеянности. Используя сочетания научных методов: метод анализа документов, историко-логический метод, в сочетании с аналитико-синтезирующим методом, в статье отражена фундаментальная концепция человечества вьетнамского дзен-буддизма (самодостаточность, креативность и т.д.).
Автор приводит историческую справку дзен-буддизма во Вьетнаме. Дзен-буддизм появился во Вьетнаме около 580 г. н. э., когда выходец из Южной Индии Винитаручи, ученик китайского Третьего патриарха Сэнцаня, основал первую вьетнамскую школу дзэн, которая была названа его именем - Ти-Ни-Да-Лу-Чи. Всего во Вьетнаме существовало пять школ (толков) дзэн: Ти-Ни-Да-Лу-Чи, Во Нгон Тхонг, Тхао Дыонг, Чук Лам и Ламте.
Дзен-Буддизм во Вьетнаме имеет свои уникальные особенности: он способствует развитию трех важных для человека качеств: уверенности в себе, смелости и старательности. Дзен-Буддизм ассоциируется с процветанием народа, потому что процветание нации - это процветание Дзен- буддизма, так как он в свою очередь придает особое значение уверенности в себе и самостоятельности. Дзен-Буддизм реалистичен, он выступает за интеллектуальное развитие, указывая на истинную ценность человека - его разум.
Статья посвящена принципам дзен - вне доктрин, не написанных, а направляющих разум, напрямую к Будде. Это особое учение без священных текстов, без авторитета слов и письменных знаков. Это передача с помощью прямого указания на реальность - особым образом от сердца к сердцу. Это необходимость пробуждения через осознание своей истинной природы.
Идеология Дзен-буддизма положительно влияет на жизненный вектор человека и общества в целом. Идеи дзен-буддизма исходят из особенностей личности, его Я и тех обстоятельств, при которых уместна та или иная деятельность. Следующая - идея осознанности, связанная с правильным осознание себя, своего разума; идея самодостаточности является результатом вышеуказанных идей; и главная идея Дзен-буддизма - гармония с миром.
Вьетнамский буддизм, переживший тысячелетнюю историю, все также гуманен, реалистично воспринимает доброту и красоту для воспитания поколений. Ценность Буддизма способствует развитию ценностей вьетнамского народа. История Вьетнама признала вьетнамский буддизм достойным в деле защиты и строительства государства.
Ключевые слова: буддизм, культурный, идеологии, международная интеграция, самодостаточность, дзен.
