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17INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC JOURNAL VOLUME 1 ISSUE 8 UIF-2022: 8.2 | ISSN: 2181-3337
DYNAMICS OF CHANGES IN THE BASIC PHYSICAL AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF COTTON FIBER DURING SPINNING Abdujabborov Muslimbek Zohidjon ugli
Namangan engineering and technology institute Karimov Rahimjon
Namangan engineering and technology institute Alieva Dilbar Ganievna
Namangan engineering and technology institute https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7422516
Abstract. In this article, cotton is used in the technological transition in the production of yarn with a linear density of Nm = 54/1 (Ne = 32/1) and Nm = 27/1 (Ne = 16/1) on cotton spinning equipment used at PAPFEN LLC. the elongation property of the fiber (Elg %) and the amount of short fibers (SF%) less than 12.7mm in length and other quality parameters were determined using a measuring instrument type HVI-1000 installed in the enterprise testing laboratory. The results of the research were analyzed and measures to improve the quality of products were proposed.
Keywords: yarn, elongation property of yarn at break, number of short fibers in cotton fiber, yarn strength, variability of yarn properties.
ДИНАМИКА ИЗМЕНЕНИЯ ОСНОВНЫХ ФИЗИКО-МЕХАНИЧЕСКИХ СВОЙСТВ ХЛОПКОВОГО ВОЛОКНА В ПРОЦЕССЕ ПРЯДЕНИЯ
Аннотация. В данной статье хлопок используется при технологическом переходе при производстве пряжи линейной плотностью Nm = 54/1 (Ne = 32/1) и Nm = 27/1 (Ne = 16/1) на хлопкопрядильном оборудовании. используется в ООО «ПАПФЕН». свойство удлинения волокна (Элг %), количество коротких волокон (КВ%) длиной менее 12,7 мм и другие качественные показатели определяли с помощью измерителя типа ХВИ-1000, установленного в испытательной лаборатории предприятия. Проведен анализ результатов исследований и предложены мероприятия по повышению качества продукции.
Ключевые слова: пряжа, свойство удлинения пряжи при разрыве, количество коротких волокон в хлопковом волокне, прочность пряжи, изменчивость свойств пряжи.
1. Introduction
The relative elongation ( Elg %) of cotton fiber is one of the main factors for achieving high productivity in the spinning process and subsequent weaving processes, as well as in obtaining high-quality finished products. Ruvini M. et al. [1] in studying 32 types of fibers with varying degrees of elongation, argue that the elongation of the fiber affects the strength of the yarn, the number of thick and thin sections and the degree of their hairiness. It has been suggested that low elongation cotton fibers can break during the drawing process and result in an increase in the number of short fibers.
The influence of the number of short fibers in cotton fiber on the quality indicators of spinning yarn is described in detail in the following studies (Devron Tibedo et al. [2], Ibrahim A.E. Ibrahim [3]).
Researchers at Clemson University in the USA [2] used 28 fiber types with varying degrees of short fibers (less than 12.7 mm long) in cotton fiber of different breeding varieties.
INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC JOURNAL VOLUME 1 ISSUE 8 UIF-2022: 8.2 | ISSN: 2181-3337
Their quality indicators were determined in the HVI, AFIS and SW systems, and a regression dependence of the yarn strength, the sum of thin and thick sections (yarn with a linear density of 20 tex), depending on the number of short fibers, was established. The authors proposed a method for predicting the quality of yarn produced from fibers with different physical and mechanical properties.
According to the author [3], with an average length of cotton fiber equal to 34.37 mm and with a proportion of short fibers (less than 0.5 inches) - 4.5%, the relative strength of the yarn was 20.77 cN / tex, and with the length of the fiber 30.12 mm, and the proportion of short fibers-6.6%, the relative strength of the yarn was 13.0 cN /tex, or the loss of strength of the yarn was-37.4%.
Researchers at Usak University in Turkey, E. Oner et al. [4] proposed regression models of the dependence of the quality of cotton fiber on the physical and mechanical parameters (strength, elongation at break, thick and thin sections, neps and hairiness) of the finished yarn.
The quality of the produced yarn mainly depends on the properties of the raw material, its preparation for spinning, the condition of the equipment, and the preservation of the natural quality of cotton fiber during processing. The question of the number of defects in cotton fiber and their total content is a very important issue for cotton spinning. The non-standardized number of defects in the raw material reduces the quality indicators and yarn yield, which requires additional technological processes; therefore, on the part of production, the requirements for reducing the share of cotton fiber defects are constantly increasing [5].
In the textile industry it is well known that, price of raw materials is a significant part of the cost of production in spinning factories. Hence - the process of optimizing the use of raw materials is the main objective of control and requires changes in the properties of the fibers in the spinning process [6].
2. Materials and methods
As an example, cotton fiber was used from the "Andijan 35" cotton breeding variety, grown on the agricultural land of the holding enterprise, ginned at the Pop and Gulbog cotton ginning plants . These samples were used to determine the dynamics of the change in the quality parameters of the fiber both in raw materials and in semi-finished products during the production of yarn with linear densities Nm = 54/1 (Ne = 32/1) and Nm = 27/1 (Ne = 16/1) under the production conditions of the spinning factory " PAPFEN " LLC.
In table 1, in the form of a diagram, the tips and models of technological equipment installed at the spinning mill are presented, and in table 2 - the main indicators of the spinning plan adopted at the enterprise. In table. 3 shows the quality indicators of the mixture of cotton fiber adopted at the enterprise for the production of the above yarns. Data obtained on a Uster HVI-1000 instrument available in the factory laboratory. (data obtained are the average of 5 measurements taken from each sample)
1 Table
The system of the technological process of spinning yarn in the enterprise
INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC JOURNAL VOLUME 1 ISSUE 8 UIF-2022: 8.2 | ISSN: 2181-3337
2 Table
The spinning plan for the production of yarn adopted at the enterprise.
No. Technological process Incoming product Outgoing product Degree of drawing E
Name _ Line density Nm Name _ Line Density Nm
one Opening-trepole, carding line Cotton blend carding tape 0.203
2 I- transition draw machine carding tape 0.203 Tape 1-transition 0.203 eight
3 II- transition draw frame Tape 1-transition 0.203 Tape 2-transition 0.203 eight
4 Roving machine Tape 2-transition 0.203 Roving 1.49 7.33
5 Ring spinning machine (N m 27/1) Roving 1.49 yarn on the cops 27/1 18.18
6 Ring spinning machine (N m 54/1) roving 1.49 yarn on the cops 54/1 36.36
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7 Rewinding yarn on the 27/1 yarn in 27/1
process cob 54/1 bobbin 54/1
3 Table
Quality indicators of cotton fiber in the mixture
N o. Cotton fiber Qualitative indicators according to USTER HVI-1000
Selecti on Ty pe Var iety Class Shar e in the mixt ure % Line 1 (inch ) Len 2 (inch ) Degree of uniformit y Unit% Specific breakin g load gr.s/tex Elon gatio n Elg (%) Short fiber index SFI(% )
o n e "Andij on 35" IV I "oliy 4.19 1.033 1.214 85.1 45.09 5.1 5.4
2 - IV I "yahs hi" 57.19 1.026 1.218 84.2 43.84 4.9 5.3
3 - IV I "o'rt a" 38.62 1.028 1.235 83.2 42.39 5.3 6.1
Average value in t ie mixture 1.027 1.224 83.8 43.289 5.06 5.61
Sampling points taken to determine the properties of the fibers during spinning:
1. Fibrous mixture obtained from a bale opener ;
2. From the fiber supply hopper to the carding machine;
3. Obtained from a carding tape;
4. Obtained from the 1st transition of the draw frame;
5. Obtained from the 2nd transition of the draw frame;
6. Rovings obtained from torn.
7. "Pneumofull" in the development of yarn Nm = 27/1 ( Ne = 16/1);
8. "Pneumofull" in the development of yarn Nm = 54/1 ( Ne = 32/1);
9. "Ring waste" during yarn production Nm =27/1 ( Ne = 16/1)/1 ;
10. "Ring waste" in the production of yarn Nm = 54/1 ( Ne = 32/1)/1;
Before taking measurements, the Uster HVI-900 measuring device underwent a standard calibration in the laboratory of the enterprise.
3. result and discussion
"Ring waste" is a fiber waste that appears when it breaks when exit from the yarn extraction devices of spinning machines and sucked up by a flute and collected in special chambers.
"Pneumofull waste" - fiber waste collected on the cleaning rollers of the draft devices of roving and spinning machines.
INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC JOURNAL VOLUME 1 ISSUE 8 UIF-2022: 8.2 | ISSN: 2181-3337
1 figure. Graph of the change in the elongation of cotton fiber in the technological
process of yarn production.
Based on the data presented in Figure 1, the following conclusions can be drawn:
- It was found that the decrease in the degree of fiber elongation occurs in the main tape process (in the 1st transition by 10.7%, in the 2nd transition up to 14%). These data indicate the need to optimize the technological parameters of tape transitions.
- It has been found that the reduction in elongation from loosening aggregate to yarn formation is 30-33.3% (depending on linear density).
- It has been established that the degree of fiber elongation in the roving and spinning processes is minimal.
Samples
2 Figure. Indicators of change in the number of short fibers in the technological
process of yarn production.
On fig. 2 presents the results of studies to determine the degree of change in the number of short fibers in the production of yarn, and based on these data, the following conclusions can be drawn:
- It was found that the proportion of short fibers less than 12.7 mm increased by 1.64 times (from 5.61% to 9.2%) in the carding machine hopper. This may be due to the breakage of the fibers in cleaning machines.
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- In the process of combing, this figure decreased by 1.24 times (from 9.2% to 7.4%). This is due to the fact that on a carding machine, part of the short fibers are removed by movable and fixed caps.
- In the 1st ribbon transition, the proportion of short fibers decreased by 1.8 times (from 7.4% to 4.1%). The main reason for this is that their length changes due to the elongation of the fibers.
- A small change in the SFI value (%) of the fibers was found in the 2-junction of sliver, roving and spinning yarns
- The number of short fibers in the " sliver " coming out and accumulating in the bunker was determined. As a result, in the process of spinning yarn with a linear density of Nm = 27/1 ( Ne = 16/1), the value of SFI (%) increased by 2.55 times, i.e. from 3.8% to 9.7%, in the process obtaining yarn with a linear density of Nm = 54/1 ( Ne = 32/1), this figure increased by 3.76 times, i.e., from
- 3.8% to 14.3%. The first reason for this is that part of the short fibers suspended in the spinning triangle, which is formed when the fiber bundles exit the spinning machine drafting device, enters the collection chamber through the air collector and the second factor, an increase in the number of short fibers, may be the degree of stretching of the roving in spinning machine (especially for Nm = 54/1 ( Ne = 32/1) ).
3 figure. Dynamics of fiber length change in the technological process of yarn
production.
Generally, Uster HVI uses two different methods to measure cotton fiber length: Len 1 - The average length of all fibers in the sample is determined in inches or millimeters.
Len 2 is the average length of the longest fibers that make up half the mass of the sample, expressed in inches or mm .
On fig. Figure 3 presents the results of a study of the dynamics of changes in the length of cotton fiber in the technological process for the production of yarn of the above thickness at the enterprise.
The analysis of the obtained results is the basis for the following conclusions:
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- When measuring the dynamics of changes in the lengths of the fibers in two different ways, it was found that they change almost according to the samepatterns;
- There was a decrease in the length of the fibers in the process of loosening, tripping and cleaning ( Len 1 - 6.04% and Len 2 - 4.08%), and in carding, tape and roving transitions , their elongation is observed due to parallelization and fiber pulling.
-During the spinning process, a decrease in the length of the fibers in the "spinning waste" was observed, in particular in the "колечки" obtained during the production of yarn with a linear density of Nm = 54/1 ( Ne = 32/1) (Lenl. -13.5%; Len 2. -3.6%); and in the "spinning waste" it decreased (Len1. by -13.5% and Len2. by -10.4%) . This conclusion can be justified by increasing the degree of short fiber spinning waste.
Figure.4 Dynamics of changes in the uniformity of fiber lengths in the technological
process of yarn production
Based on the results obtained, the following conclusions can be drawn: -In the process of defibration and cleaning of fibers from impurities in loosening and scutching aggregates, the uniformity of fiber lengths is partially reduced compared to the mixture (-1.9%) . and in subsequent processes it was found that this figure increased and reached its peak in the roving, and decreased in the "spinning waste" and "Pneumofull waste" due to the increase in short fibers.
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in the process of yarn production
Relative tensile strength of cotton fiber, i.e. its relative strength is determined by measuring the tensile strength of a strand of 1/8 inch (3.175 mm) fiber on the measuring block of a Uster HVI type instrument. In the experiments, the relative strength of the fiber decreased compared to the mixture in the loosening-carding process (from 19.72 to 14.92%), increased in the tape and roving processes (up to 15.96%), and as a result, a decrease in the strength of the fibers in the " sliver " was observed. " (from 1.13% to 7.32%). The main reasons for this may be a change in the degree of short fibers in semi-finished products at technological transitions.
4. Conclusion
Based on the study, the following main conclusions can be drawn:
In the carded system, due to the low elongation of the fibers in the "spinning waste" formed during the spinning of cotton fiber, and the high content of short fibers, it is not advisable to use them in their blends when producing yarn of high linear density (Nm40/1 ^ 65/1).
They are recommended to be included in blends for yarns of low linear densities (Nm 40/1 and below), produced by the Open End (OE) spinning method.
- It is recommended to optimize the linear densities of semi-finished products (sliver, roving) in spinning plans, especially for the production of fine yarn.
5. Acknowledgment
The authors is also highly grateful to PhD/associate professor S.Tojimirzaev for their technical support and guidance.
6. declaration of conflicting interests
The author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.
references
1. Mehmet Karahan, Recep Eren*, Halil Rifat Alpay* Ruvini W.Mathangadeera and etc .. "Importance of cotton fiber elongation in fiber processing" "Industrial Grops and Products" USA 2020
2. Davron Tabodo and etc .. "The impact of short fiber content on the quality of cotton ring spun yarn" "The Journal of Cotton Science" 12.368-377 USA 2008
INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC JOURNAL VOLUME 1 ISSUE 8 UIF-2022: 8.2 | ISSN: 2181-3337
3. Ibrahim AE Ibrahim. "Effect of fiber length and short fiber present in cotton fiber and yarn quality" "Alexandria Science Exchange Journal" vol.39 №4 2018
4. E.Oner and etc .. "The effect of cotton characteristics on yarn properties" " Aegen international textile and advanced engineering conference" (AITAE-2018)
