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7DOMICILIARY SPORTS AND PHYSICAL TRAINING ACTIVITIES: RESULTS OF
EXPERT EVALUATION
E.A. Simonova, associate professor, Ph.D.
Yu.V. Pyrlich
Tyumen State University, Tyumen
Keywords: sports and physical training activity, people's attitude to sports and physical training activity, sports and physical training services, resources provision of domiciliary sports and physical training.
Relevance. Changes in environmental and socio-economic life conditions in the era of industrial civilization have led to a decrease in bio-energy potential and adaptive capacities of man, thus actualizing the issue of creation of physical, mental and moral health of people (3). It is gratifying that at the present stage of development of the Russian society formation of a healthy lifestyle of the population by means of its involvement in regular sports and physical training activities is one of the most important public policy objectives.
In this regard a holographic study of domiciliary sports and physical training activities with people (DSPTA) is an essential condition of its scientifically substantiated improvement.
The purpose of the study was to conduct a sociological analysis of the views of trainers and sports administrators regarding domiciliary sports and physical training activities with people.
Organization of the study. To conduct the study a structured questionnaire for trainers and sports administrators was designed. It consisted of 4 sets of questions: 1 - socio-demographic characteristics of the respondents; 2 - attitude to sports and physical training activity; 3 - specifics of organizing domiciliary sports and physical training activities; 4 - real conditions and opportunities for improvement of domiciliary sports and physical training activities (1).
The socio-pedagogical study in 2012 involved trainers and sports administrators of the town of Tyumen aged 18-60 years in the amount of 305 people (including 58.1% of men and 41.9% of women) from four administrative districts: Eastern (EAD); Kalininsky (KAD); Leninsky (LAD); Central (CAD).
Study results. In the study we have found that trainers and sports administrators of all the administrative districts of the town of Tyumen are mostly young professionals with experience of up to 5 years (34.8%). About one third of sports teachers are skilled educators with experience of over 15 years (27.2%), less than one third are teachers with experience of 5-10 years (22.6 %). Thus, a good continuity of sports teachers is noted. Most of the teachers have higher education:
49.5% have physical culture and pedagogical education, 15.7% - pedagogical, and 8.5% of professionals have engineering education.
The highest indicator of self-evaluation of health by trainers and sports administrators is "normal health, I can't complain yet" (men - 62.9%, women - 52.0%); the second place is with the statement "I fall ill now and then" (men - 28.1%, women - 40.6%); the third position in the rating is occupied by the statement "I have chronic diseases" (men - 5.6%, women - 7.3%).
In general, sports educators are engaged in physical culture and sports activities themselves, 64.6% of men and 47.2% of women do it regularly; 16.3% of men and 30.9% of women do it occasionally.
Only 24.9% of trainers and sports administrators are quite satisfied with the people's attitude to sports and physical training activity (SPTA) in their groups; 40.9% are not fully satisfied with it, and 12.1% of professionals are not satisfied at all.
The main reason for the dissatisfaction of trainers and sports administrators with the people's attitude to SPTA in the administrative districts is the lack of public interest in SPTA (23.6%), the lack of opportunities to arrange sports and recreation groups based on fitness and sports needs of the population (20.7%) and insufficiently good material and technical conditions of conducting classes and events (17.7%).
According to trainers and sports administrators, significant assistance in the organization of fitness and sports activities is provided by the Department of Sports and Youth Policy of the town of Tyumen (26.3%), local physical culture and sports authorities (22.8%) and sports federations (16.2%).
According to trainers and sports administrators, the most interesting sports events in the town of Tyumen last year were the following: All-round World Championship in Judo, Health Day, Tyumen Streetball Championship, Sport Dance Tournament and Spartakiad of the Children's Day.
Most often trainers and sport administrators in EAD and LAD advertise activities of their Center by placing the information on the Internet website (8.6% and 9.9%), in KAD and CAD the advertising is placed in institutions and on the street (13.7% and 12.4%), least of all in all the districts the information is spread by means of television (10.2%) and advertisements in the local press (8.9%).
Trainers and sport administrators on a regular basis read such journals as "Fizicheskaya kul'tura: vospitanye, obrazovanye, trenirovka" (31.8%), "Teoriya i praktika fizicheskoy kul'tury" (11.2%), "Fizicheskaya kul'tura v shkole" (10.5%). Male trainers read specialized publications more often than female ones (20.78% and 17.89%).
According to the respondents, the following would contribute to strengthening the material and technical base for the organization of domiciliary sports and physical training activities:
investments from the local budget (32.1%), investments from the regional budget (28.2%), investments from the federal budget (11.48%) and sponsors' support (8.5%).
For sports and physical training activities the following resources are fully used: sports facilities of various institutions and organizations (37.6%), sports facilities of municipal educational institutions (MEI) (21.46%), sports facilities of private clubs (11.5%), sports facilities of preschool educational institutions (PEI) (10.73%), sports facilities of sports colleges and universities (9.98%) and those of additional education institutions (AEI) (8.82%). However, to involve in regular sports and physical training activities and people's active leisure organizations it is necessary to use additional sports facilities of PEI in EAD (8.13%); sports facilities of AEI and PEI in KAD (3.13%); sports facilities of PEI in LAD (8.13%); sports facilities of sports colleges and universities in CAD (6.25%).
According to trainers and sports administrators, shortage of qualified personnel in the industry, can be overcome by salary increase (20.4%); providing social guarantees and benefits (15.3%) and sending school graduates to study at physical culture and sports-related universities (fully or partially paid for from the municipal budget) (9.8%).
According to trainers and sports administrators, in KAD, LAD and CAD domiciliary sports and physical training activities are actually organized by additional education institution (3.7%, 6.6% and 6.5%), and in EAD - by Centers of Domiciliary Sports and Physical Training Activities (5.4%).
Assessing the possibilities for domiciliary sports and physical training activities, experts from all the districts believe that the situation in the Tyumen region has improved significantly, is gradually improving in the town and the administrative districts.
According to experts, the following will contribute to improving the domiciliary sports and physical training activities in the town of Tyumen: construction of sports facilities and playgrounds; educators' salary increase; staging of domiciliary Spartakiad sports events; providing opportunities to attend training sessions free of charge or at a discounted rate, etc (Table 1).
Table 1. Factors that promote sports and recreation activities, in points (index evaluation system*)
View Administrative district
EAD KAD LAD CAD
Construction of sports facilities and playgrounds 7.48 5.34 9.56 11.62
Organization of mass competitions "Sports for All". Staging of domiciliary Spartakiad sports events 7.34 5.2 8.2 10.34
Increasing salary of teachers, instructors and trainers 7.42 5.2 7.42 10.56
Providing possibilities for training in fitness centers either free 6.34 4.14 7.34 10.56
of charge or at an affordable price
Providing opportunities for sports activities at work or educational institutions 6.28 4.14 7.28 10.42
Target financing of priority programs 6.34 4.28 8.56 8.42
Advertising in mass media 6.14 5.2 7.34 8.28
Applying the mechanism of preferential and free access to sports facilities for low-bracket categories of the population 6.42 4.2 5.2 9.48
Conducting multi-stage competitions 6.14 3.06 7.2 8.2
Arranging propagandistic, sports and physical training activities and campaigns aimed at healthy lifestyle 6.2 4.14 7.28 4.2
Writing and publishing popular scientific articles, programs of healthy lifestyle basics 6.14 4.06 6.2 5
* - was calculated as the sum of responses indicators with a weighting factor to the significance (definitely - 2; perhaps, it is so - 1; it's out of the question - 0)
Conclusions. The findings suggest that the problem areas in the development of domiciliary sports and physical training activities are: a) the insufficiently active attitude of people to sports and physical training occupations and the lack of opportunities for organizing classes in accordance with sports and physical training needs of people. At the same time, the reference aspects of improvement of domiciliary sports and physical training activities can be: a) coordination at various departments of the use of the material and technical base (sports facilities of different organizations and forms of ownership are involved in domiciliary activities); b) the mobile control system for domiciliary sports and physical training activities and sports traditions existing in the city. The growth points of domiciliary sports and physical training activities should be the construction of sports facilities and playgrounds in residential districts; increasing of the capacity of sports facilities; increasing teacher's salary; staging of domiciliary Spartakiad sports events; arranging of sports and recreation groups based on fitness and sports needs of the population; applying the mechanism of preferential and free access to sports facilities for low-bracket categories of the population (students, disabled people, elderly people); advertising in the media, particularly online, by making theme sites and sports sponsors' personal pages.
References
1. Ivanova, S.V. Organization of domiciliary municipal sports and physical training work / S.V. Ivanova, I.V. Manzheley // Teoriya i praktika fizicheskoy kul'tury, 2013. No. 2. - P. 42-47. (In Russian)
2. Manzheley, I.V. Identification of pedagogical potential of sports and physical training environment of educational institution / I.V. Manzheley // Vestnik Tyumenskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta, № 9. 2011. P. 63-75. (In Russian)
Corresponding author: e_simonova@mail.ru
