CC BY
43
Ukrainian Journal of Ecology
UkrainianJournal of Ecology, 2017, 7(2), 91 -95, doi: 10.15421/2017_24
ORIGINAL ARTICLE UDC582.232:551.435.36(1-751.3X477.7)
Diversity of Cyanoprokaryota in sandy habitats in Pryazov National
Natural Park (Ukraine)
S.O. Yarovyi1,2, L.I. Arabadzhi1, A.M. Solonenko1, O.G. Bren1,2, E.I. Maltsev1, A.V. Matsyura3
1 Bogdan Chmelnitskiy Melitopol State Pedagogical University, Melitopol, Ukraine 2Pryazov National Natural Park, Ukraine 3Altai State University, Barnaul, Russia E-mail: dilabif@ukr.ne\, lu id mi la 108@ukr.nei, anatol8@ukr. net, ocillat@mail.n , mz 5@ukr.nei,
amatsyura@gmail.com Submitted: 12.02.2017. Accepted: 17.04.2017
Data on abundance and distribution on Cyanoprokaryota of alluvial soil of the Pryazov National Natural Park (PNNP) are presented. The PNNP is situated in the south part of Zaporizhzhya region near the Azov Sea. Sandy soils of the PNNP are suitable habitats for biodiversity conservation. Nevertheless. Cyanoprokaryota algae have been studying insufficiently and unevenly. 16 soil samples were sampled from the sandy habitats in the PNPP to study the Cyanoprokaryota. The sampling was carried out on the sample areas during 2014-2015 in various locations on Stepanivka Spit (Azov Sea), Fedotova Spit (Utlyutskyi Estuary), Tubalskyy estuary at the mouth Korsak, Taschenakskyi hearth (mouth of the river Tashchenak), Berdyansk Spit near the Krasne lake, Samples were sampled by a conventional algological method, treatment and identification of sampled material was performed in the Laboratory of Botany and Gardening of the Bogdan Chmelnitskiy Melitopol State Pedagogical University. Laboratory processing of the material was carried with culturing methods in two types of cultures: soil cultures with glasses of growth and Bold's nutrient agar with normal and triple quantity of nitrogen (1N BBM and 3 NBBM). Identification were performed with the light binocular microscope "MICROmed XS-5520" using 40x and 100x objective lenses. Here we registered 23 cyanoprokaryota species from 3 orders (Chroococcales, Oscillatoriales, and Nostocales), 10 families (Merismopediaceae, Gomphosphaeriaceae, Microcystaceae, Chroococcaceae, Oscillatoriaceae, Phormidiaceae, Schizotrichaceae, Pseudanabaenaceae, Nostocaceae, Rivulariaceae) and 11 genera. The dominant species were Merismopedia elegans, M. glauca, Chroococcus minutus, Calothrixparietina, Leptolyngbya notata, Nostoc microscopicum, and Phormidium (Komvophoron) mucicola. Such species like Merismopedia elegans, M. glauca, Chroococcus minutus, and Calothrix parietina were found in all studied park plots with sandy soils that confirming algae wide ecological tolerance. We also discovered strong domination of aquatic species at studied habitats. Key words: Cyanoprokaryota, Pryazov National Natural Park, algae flora.
Cyanoprokaryota is the ancient group of organisms, which still retains a dominant position in some biocenoses. This is morphologically and physiologically unique group of organisms that is widespread in the plankton of stagnant and slowly flowing waters, in the coastal benthos as epiphytes and as a growth on various solid substrates, in hot springs, on the snow surface and even on ice, on the wet rocks, on the surface, and deep in the ground.
Despite the intensive researches of algae in PNNP by the scientists of Melitopol State Pedagogical University and PNNP researchers (Solonenko et al., 2006; Yaroviy et al., 2007; Yaroviy et al., 2008; Solonenko et al., 2008; Yarova et al., 2012; Yaroviy, 2012; Yaroviy et al., 2013; Scherbina et al., 2014; Shekhovtseva, Mal'tseva, 2015; Maltsev, 2015; Maltsev et al., 2017) there were no special investigations of the cyanoprocaryota in sandy alluvial soil habitats, that' why there is no data regards their species composition and taxonomic structure.
Pryazov Park is situated in the south part of Zaporizhzhya region. It is very special area due to coastal location, wild steppe plots, aquatic and ecotonic biocenoses. Great landscape variety is caused by coastal location and dynamics of marine shoreline. Sandy soil habitats of the PNPP are of great importance for many rare species of flora and fauna (Barabokha et al, 2012). However, the data on Cyanoprokaryota of these unique habitats are still fragmentary, that was a ground to study the cyanoprokaryota of this habitat in PNNP and to identify the environmental features of certain species. We supposed that the ecological features of cyanoprokaryota can be used in the analysis and forecasting of the environmental changes.
Materials and Methods
In total, 16 soil samples were sampled from the sandy ecotopes in the PNPP (78,126,92 ha, 46°24'00" N 35°25'00" E) to study the cyanoprokaryota. The sampling was carried during 2014-2015 in plots located on the Stepanivka Spit (Azov Sea), Fedotova Spit (Utlyutskyi Estuary) natural boundary Tubalskyy estuary at the mouth Korsak, Taschenakskyi hearth (mouth of the river Tashchenak), and on the Berdyansk Spit near the Krasne lake (Fig. 1).
Fig. 1. Location of soil sampling plots within the Pryazov National Natural Park.
Samples were sampled by a conventional algological method (Gollerbakh, Shtina, 1969; Wasser, Tsarenko, 1989). The treatment and identification of sampled material was performed in the laboratory of Botany and Gardening of the Bogdan Chmelnitskiy Melitopol State Pedagogical University (www.mdpu.org.ua).
We used culturing methods in two types of cultures in lab processing of the material: soil cultures with glasses of growth and Bold's nutrient agar with normal and triple quantity of nitrogen (1N BBM and 3 NBBM) (Arce, Bold, 1958). Researches were conducted by the light binocular microscope "MICROmed XS-5520" using 40x and 100x objective lenses. We identified the algae according to Komarek & Anagnostidis (1998, 2005). Analysis of the revealed species in relation to some geographical confinement was done regards Barinova (2006).
Results and Discussion
We registered some 23 species of cyanoprokaryota on sandy soil habitats of PNNP. These species belong to 3 orders, 10 families, and 11 genera (Table. 1).
The dominant species were Merismopedia elegans, M. glauca, Chroococcus minutus, Calothrixparietina, Leptolyngbya notata, Nostoc microscopicum, Phormidium mucicola. The largest number of cyanoprokaryota (14 species) was found on the Stepanivka Spit, namely Leptolyngbya nostocorum, Gomphosphaeria aponina, Lyngbya lutea, Microcystis litoralis, Merismopedia glauca, Microcoleus vaginatus, Merismopedia elegans, Merismopedia glauca, Merismopedia punctata, Chroococcus minutus, Nostoc microscopicum, Leptolyngbya notata, Schizothrix coriacea.
The next important plot with high algae diversity was mouth of river Korsak where we registered 12 species: Oscillatoria lloyadiana, Phormidium paulsenianum, Merismopedia elegans, Merismopedia glauca, Merismopedia punctata, Chroococcus minutus, Phormidium mucicola, Calothrix parietina, Nostoc microscopicum, Leptolyngbya notata, Oscillatoria tenuis, Lyngbya semiplena.
The third plot along the diversity gradient of cyanoprokaryota was mouth of river Tashchenak with 11 species: Calothrix aeruginosa, Calothrix parietina, Gomphosphaeria aponina, Lyngbya lutea, Merismopedia elegans, Merismopedia glauca, Chroococcus minutus, Phormidium mucicola, Nostoc microscopicum, Leptolyngbya notata, Schizothrix coriacea. We discovered the lowest number of cyanoprokaryota species in the natural boundary of Tubalskyy estuary (8 species: Merismopedia elegans, Merismopedia glauca, Calothrix parietina, Leptolyngbya notata, Oscillatoria tenuis, Lyngbya semiplena, Oscillatoria geminata, Phormidium autumnale); on the Fedotova Spit (7 species: Merismopedia elegans, Schizothrix coriacea, Merismopedia glauca, Chroococcus minutus, Calothrix parietina, Nostoc microscopicum, Microcoleus vaginatus), and on the Berdyansk Spit (near the Krasne lake) where we founded seven species: Merismopedia glauca, Merismopedia punctata, Chroococcus minutus, Phormidium mucicola, Calothrix parietina, Leptolyngbya notata, Microcoleus vaginatus.
93
Diversity of Cyanoprokaryota in sandy habttats
Table 1 Systematic structure of cyanoprokaryota from sandy alluvial soils, Pryazov National Natural Park
№ Taxon
Order Cyanophyta Schussnig, 1925
Class Cyanophyceae Sachs 1874
Order Chroococcales Caval.-Sm., 2002
Family Merismopediaceae Elenkin, 1933
Genus Merismopedia Meyen, 1839
1. Merismopedia elegans A. Braun in Kützing, 1849
2. Merismopedia glauca Kützing, 1845
3. Merismopedia punctate Meyen, 1839 Family Gomphosphaeriaceae Elenkin, 1933 Genus Gomphosphaeria Kützing, 1836
4. Gomphosphaeria aponina Kützing, 1836 Family Microcystaceae Elenkin, 1933 Genus Microcystis Kützing, 1907
5. Microcystis pulverea (H.C. Wood) Forti emend Elenkin, 1933 в. Microcystis litoralis Elenkin, 1933
Family Chroococcaceae Nägeli, 1849
Genus Chroococcus Nägeli, 1849
7. Chroococcus minutus (Kützing) Nägeli 1849 Order Oscillatoriales Elenkin, 1934 Family Oscillatoriaceae Engl., 1898
Genus Lyngbya C. Agardh ex Gomont, 1892
8. Lyngbya lutea Gomont, 1892
9. Lyngbya semiplena J. Agardh ex Gomont, 1892 Genus Oscilatoria Vaucher, 1892
10. Oscilatoria tenuisC. Agardh ex Gomont, 1892
11. Oscilatoriageminata Menegh., 1892
12. Oscilatoria lloyadiana Gomont, 1899 Family Phormidiaceae Anagn. et Komárek, 1988 Genus Phormidium Kützing, 1892
13. Phormidium (Komvophoron)mucicola Hub.-Pest. et Naumann, 1929
14. Phormidium autumnale Gomont, 1892
15. Phormidiumpaulsenianum Boye-Petersen, 1930
16. Phormidium paulsenianum f. takyricum Novichk., 1960 рщ Microcoleus Desm., 1892
17. Microcoleus vaginatusGomont, 1890 Family Schizotrichaceae Elenkin, 1934 Genus Schizothrix Kützing, 1892
18. Schizothrix coriacea Kützing ex Gomont 1892 Family Pseudanabaenaceae Anagn. et Komárek, 1988 Genus Leptolyngbya Anagn. et Komárek, 1988
19. Leptolyngbya notata (Schmidle) Anagn. et Komárek 1988
20. Leptolyngbya nostocorum Anagn. et Komárek, 1988 Order Nostocales Caval.-Sm., 2002
Family Nostocaceae Eichler, 1886
Genus Nostoc Vaucher, 1886
21. Nostoc microscopicum Carmich. sensu Elenkin 1949 Family Rivulariaceae Kützing, 1843
Genus Calothrix C. Agardh ex Bornet & Flahault, 1886
22. Calothrix parietina Thuret, 1886
23. Calothrix aeruginosa Thuret, 1886
We need to mention that some cyanoprokaryota species were sampled in sandy soil plots within the PNNP: Merismopedia elegans, Merismopedia glauca, Chroococcus minutus, Calothrix parietina. Such species like Merismopedia punctata, Gomphosphaeria aponina, Microcystis pulverea, Microcystis litoralis, Chroococcus minutes, Lyngbya lutea, Lyngbya semiplena, Oscillatoria tenuis, Oscillatoria lloyadiana, Oscillatoria geminata, Phormidium mucicola, Phormidium paulsenianum, Phormidium paulsenianum (f. takyricum), Phormidium autumnale, Microcoleus vaginatus, Schizothrix coriacea, Leptolyngbya notata, Leptolyngbya nostocorum, Nostoc microscopicum, Calothrix parietina, and Calothrix aeruginosa are cosmopolitans and were found in all soil types of Ukraine: Ukrainian Polissya, Steppe, Lisosteppe, Ukrainian Carpathians, and Crimean Mountains, that is confirmed their wide ecological tolerance (Kostikov, 2001; Tsarenko, 2006). Merismopedia elegans and Merismopedia glauca can be considered as psamophytic because they were founded only in the algal cenoses on the bare sand biotopes and sand-shell beaches in the Steppe zone of Ukraine.
We proposed to divide the registered species divided by their habitat selectivity: soil - 6 species, planktonic-benthic - 2, planktonic - 8, benthic - 4, and 1 epiphytic species. The water habitat was the limited factor in distribution for 14 identified algae species.
Conclusions
We registered 23 species of cyanoprocaryota in sandy habitats of PNNP. These species belong to 3 orders: Chroococcales, Oscillatoriales, and Nostocales; 10 families: Merismopediaceae, Gomphosphaeriaceae, Microcystaceae, Chroococcaceae, Oscillatoriaceae, Phormidiaceae, Schizotrichaceae, Pseudanabaenaceae, Nostocaceae, Rivulariaceae and 11 genera. The dominant species were Merismopedia elegans, M. glauca, Chroococcus minutus, Calothrix parietina, Leptolyngbya notata, Nostoc microscopicum, Phormidium (Komvophoron) mucicola. Such species like Merismopedia elegans, M. glauca, Chroococcus minutus, and Calothrixparietinawere found in all the studied park plots with sandy soils that contributed to algae wide ecological tolerance.
We suggested that water habitats limited the distribution of the majority of algae species in the condition of sandy alluvial soils in Pryazov National Natural Park.
References
Arce, G., Bold, H.C. (1958). Some Chlorophyceae from Cuban Soils. Amer. Bot. Journ., 45, 492-503.
Barabokha, N.M., Baraboha, A.P., Bren, O.G. et al. (2012). Chronicles of Pryazov National Natural Park (2011). Melitopol: Pryazov National Natural Park (in Ukrainian).
Barinova, S.S., Medvedeva, L.A., Anisimova, O.V. (2006). Biodiversity of Environmental Indicator Algae. Tel Aviv: Pilies Studio. Gollerbach, M.M., Shtina, E.A. (1969). Soil algae. L.eningrad: Nauka (in Russian).
Komarek, J., Anagnostidis, K. (1998). Cyanoprokaryota I. Chroococcales. Süßwasserflora von Mitteleuropa. Bd. 19(1). JenaStuttgart-Lübeck-Ulm: Gustav Fischer
Komarek, J., Anagnostidis, K. (2005). Cyanoprokaryota I. Oscillatoriales. Sußwasserflora von Mitteleuropa. Bd. 19. Jena-StuttgartLübeck-Ulm: Gustav Fischer.
Kostikov I.Yu. Romanenko, P.A., Demchenko, E.M. (2001). Soil algae of Ukraine (history and methods, system synopsis of flora). Kyiv: Fitosotsiotsentr (in Ukrainian).
Maltsev, Ye.I., Pakhomov, A.Ye., Maltseva, I.A. (2017). Specific features of algal communities in forest litter of forest biogeocenoses of the Steppe zone. Contemporary Problems of Ecology, 10(1), 71 -76. DOI: 10.1134/S1995425517010085 Maltsev, Ye.,I. (2015). Influence of Nostoc Vaucher ex Bornet et Flahault strains on growth and development of Pisum sativum L. Biological Bulletin of Bogdan Chmelnitskiy Melitopol State Pedagogical University, 5(3), 148-154. DOI: 10.7905/bbmspu.v5i3.993
Scherbina, V. V., Maltseva, I. A., Solonenko, A. N. (2014). Peculiarities of Postpyrogene Development of Algae in Steppe Biocenoses at Askania Nova Biospheric National Park. Contemporary Problems of Ecology, 7(2), 187-191. Shekhovtseva O. G., Mal'tseva I. A. (2015). Physical, Chemical, and Biological Properties of Soils in the City of Mariupol, Ukraine. Eurasian Soil Science, 48(12), 1393-1400 (in Ukrainian).
Solonenko A.N., Yaroviy, S.A., Yarovaya, T.A. (2008). Algae from the solonchak of the mouth parts of river Korsak in the natural boundary Tubalskyi estuary. Bulletin of the State Nikitsky Botanical Garden, 96, 26-29 (in Ukrainian).
Solonenko A.N., Yarovoy, S.A., Podorozhnyi, S.N., Raznopolov, O.N. (2006). Algae from the solonchak of the Stepanovska and Fedotova Spits in the North-West coast of the Azov sea. Soil Science, 7(3-4), 123-127 (in Ukrainian).
Tsarenko, P.M., Wasser, S.P., Nevo, E. (2006). Algae of Ukraine. Diversity, Nomenclature, Taxonomy, Ecology and Geography. Ruggell: A.R.A. Gantner Verlag K.G.
Ryabushko, L.I., Bondarenko, A.V. (2011). Microalgae of plankton and benthos of Azov Sea (checklist, synonymy, comments). Sevastopol: ECOSY-Hydrofizika (in Ukrainian).
Vinogradova, O.M. (2012). Cyanoprokaryota of hyperhaline ecosystems of Ukraine. Kyiv: Alterpres (in Ukrainian). Vinogradova, O.M., Daryenko, T.N. (2008). Algae of Azov-Syvash National Park (Ukraine). Algologia, 18(2), 183-197 (in Ukrainian). Wasser, S.P., Tsarenko, P.M. (2000). Algae diversity of Ukraine. Algologia,10(4, 3-309.
Yarova, T.A., Yarovoy, S.O., Bren, O.G. (2012). Algae of the Pryazov National Natural Park. Proceedings of the international conference "The role of environmental institutions in preserving biodiversity, ethnic and cultural heritage and sustainable development areas". CBS: NNP Huzulschyna (in Ukrainian).
95
Diversity of Cyanoprokaryota in sandy habitats
Yarovoy, S.A., Yarovaya, T.A., Solonenko, A.N. (2008). For the study of the solonchak algae on the Berdyansk Spit near the lake Krasnoye. Ecology and noospherology, 19(1-2), 160-162 (in Ukrainian).
Yaroviy, S.A. (2012). Macroscopic growths of algae on the solonchaks of the Priazov National Natural Park (Ukraine). Actual problems of modern phycology: Abstracts of the IV international conference. Kiev (in Ukrainian), 394 p. Yarovoy S.A., Solonenko, A.N., Oliynik, T.A. (2007). Soil algae of the sea shore solonchak of the Berdyansk Spit near the lake Krasnoye. International Conference "Biology of the XXI century: theory, practice and teaching". Cherkasy-Kanev (in Ukrainian). Yarovyi, S.O., Yarova, T.A., Bren, O.G. et al. (2013). Algological study of the Pryazov National Natural Park wetlands. Ecology wetlands and peatlands (collection of papers). Kyiv: DIA (in Ukrainian).
Citation:
Yarovyi, S.O., Arabadzhi, L.I., Solonenko, A.M., Bren, O.G., Maltsev, E.I., Matsyura, A.V. (2017). Diversity of Cyanoprokaryota in sandy habitats in Pryazov National Natural Park (Ukraine). Ukrainian Journal of Ecology, 7[2), 91-95. I This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0. License
