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Амурский зоологический журнал, 2023, т. XV, № 3
Amurian Zoological Journal, 2023, vol. XV, no. 3
www.azjournal.ru
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https://www.doi.org/10.33910/2686-9519-2023-15-3-641-649 http://zoobank.org/References/4A5BCCC6-F6B3-441A-9D68-57D841033A4E
UDC 595.773.1
Discovery of Lichtwardtia Enderlein (Diptera: Dolichopodidae)
in East India
I. Ya. Grichanov
All-Russian Institute of Plant Protection, 3 Podbelskogo Road, Pushkin, 196608, Saint Petersburg, Russia
Author
Igor Ya. Grichanov E-mail: grichanov@mail.ru SPIN: 1438-5370 Scopus Author ID: 8672518800 ResearcherlD: A-1406-2013 ORCID: 0000-0001-6367-836X
Abstract. A new material for the dolichopodine genus Lichtwardtia Enderlein, 1912, which was collected from the Odisha state located in East India, has been recently identified. Lichtwardtia dentalis Zhang et al., 2009 and L. singaporensis Grootaert et Tang, 2018 are reported from India for the first time. Formerly doubtful species L. ziczac (Wiedemann, 1824) is described by a male. Environs of the Gop town in Odisha state are here suggested as type locality for this species, which is probably rare in nature. Incompletely described L. dentalis is redescribed, and L. singaporensis is diagnosed based on Indian material. A key for males of five Lichtwardtia species inhabiting India and Sri Lanka is compiled.
Copyright: © The Author (2023). Published by Herzen State Pedagogical University of Russia. Open access under CC BY-NC License 4.0.
Keywords: Oriental, Dolichopodidae, Dolichopodinae, new records, key
Обнаружение рода Lichtwardtia Enderlein (Diptera: Dolichopodidae) в Восточной Индии
И. Я. Гричанов
Всероссийский институт защиты растений, шоссе Подбельского, д. 3, г. Пушкин, 196608,
г. Санкт-Петербург, Россия
Сведения об авторе Гричанов Игорь Яковлевич E-mail: grichanov@mail.ru SPIN-код: 1438-5370 Scopus Author ID: 8672518800 ResearcherlD: A-1406-2013 ORCID: 0000-0001-6367-836X
Аннотация. Идентифицирован новый материал хищных мух-зеленушек из рода Lichtwardtia Enderlein, 1912, собранный в штате Одиша, Восточная Индия. Lichtwardtia dentalis Zhang et al., 2009 и L. singaporensis Grootaert et Tang, 2018 впервые найдены в Индии. Описан сомнительный вид L. ziczac (Wiedemann, 1824) по самцу. Окрестности города Гоп в штате Одиша предлагается рассматривать как типовое местонахождение этого вида, вероятно, редкого в природе. Кратко описанный L. dentalis переописан; приведен диагноз L. singaporensis, основанный на индийском материале. Составлен определитель самцов пяти видов Lichtwardtia, известных из Индии и Шри-Ланки.
Права: © Автор (2023). Опубликовано Российским государственным педагогическим университетом им. А. И. Герцена. Открытый доступ на условиях лицензии СС БУ-ЫС 4.0.
Ключевые слова: Индо-Малайская область, Dolichopodidae, Dolichopodinae, новые указания, определитель
Introduction
Species of Lichtwardtia Enderlein, 1912 are easily recognised by the angular, seemingly broken, zigzag-shaped bend in wing vein M1+2, with anteroproximal and posterodistal stump veins (Grichanov, Brooks 2017), having also long hairs on the apical segment of the arista-like stylus and characteristic male genitalia (Tang et al. 2018). This group, with 41 known species (with two species declared nomina dubia) is restricted to the Old World tropics (including 24 Afrotropical, 2 Australasian and 15 Oriental species) (Tang et al. 2018; Grichanov 2019; 2020; 2023). An identification key to Oriental species was provided by Tang et al. (2018).
Species of the genus are poorly known in many countries of the Orient and in India in particular (Chakraborty et al. 2015; Grichanov 2020). Until recently, only one species of the genus, L. ziczac (Wiedemann, 1824), was mentioned from this country, originally described from a female collected from "India Orientalis". Tang et al. (2018) suggested that the type locality for this species could be everywhere in the Oriental region ranging from Pakistan to New Guinea, considered it as a nomen dubium and raised Sri Lankian L. polychroma (Loew, 1864) from synonymy with L. ziczac. Gricha-nov (2020) suggested that the type locality for L. ziczac could be somewhere within one of the eastern Indian states, e.g. Tamil Nadu or West Bengal. He also recorded L. hirsutiseta (De Meijere, 1916) from Goa State in West India; the species was known from Java Island and Sri Lanka (Grichanov 2020).
In this paper, two species are recorded from India (Odisha State located in East India) for the first time. Formerly doubtful species L. ziczac is described by a male, and a key for males of Lichtwardtia species inhabiting India and Sri Lanka is compiled.
Material and methods
Material cited in this work is housed at the Zoological Museum in Copenhagen, Denmark (ZMUC) and Zoological Museum of Moscow State University, Russia (ZMUM). Specimens were collected by Konstantin Tom-
kovich (Moscow) by use of yellow pan traps. They were studied and photographed with a ZEISS Discovery V-12 stereo microscope and an AxioCam MRc5 camera. Genitalia preparation was photographed with a ZEISS Axiostar stereo microscope and an AxioCam ICc3 camera. Morphological terminology and abbreviations follow Cumming, Wood (2017) and Grichanov, Brooks (2017). The relative lengths of the an-tennomeres should be regarded as representative ratios and not measurements. Body length is measured from the base of antenna to the tip of abdominal segment 6. Wing length is measured from the base to the wing apex. The figures showing the hypopygium in lateral view are oriented as it appears in the intact specimens, with the morphologically ventral surface of the genitalia facing upwards, dorsal surface downwards, anterior end facing left and posterior end facing right.
Results
Genus Lichtwardtia Enderlein, 1912
Lichtwardtia Enderlein, 1912: 406 Type species: Lichtwardtia formosana Enderlein, 1912, original designation. Vaalimyia Curran, 1926: 398 Type species: Vaalimyia violacea Curran, 1926 [=Dolichopus angularis Macquart, 1842], original designation.
Notes. See Grichanov (2004), Yang et al. (2011) and Tang et al. (2018) for diagnosis of the genus Lichtwardtia. Males differ from females usually in such male secondary sexual characters as variously coloured face (partly or mostly metallic, matt black, densely white or yellow pollinose), sometimes modified po-domeres or wing costa (Grichanov 2019). Females of close species are practically indistinguishable (Tang et al. 2018).
As noted above, Grichanov (2020) suggested that the type locality for L. ziczac could be somewhere within one of the eastern Indian states. Three species of Lichtwardtia were found in the Odisha State located in East India and bordering West Bengal state. Two of these species are rather similar in habitus to the L. ziczac female holotype diagnosed by Tang et al. (2018) and Grichanov (2020). I selected
the closest male and designated it here as representative of the L. ziczac species concept.
This male is described and illustrated below.
Key to species from India and Sri Lanka (males)
1. Hind coxa mostly yellow, with brown spot at base; wing greyish, with anterior margin faintly brownish and cross veins brownish seamed................................2
— Hind coxa entirely yellow; wing hyaline or evenly greyish......................... 3
2. Anterodistal cross vein (m-m) strongly oblique, not perpendicular to corresponding longitudinal veins (Tang et al. 2018: fig. 25); cercus with curved bristles, about 1.5 times longer than width of cercus; body length 4.0-4.3 mm............. L. ziczac
— Anterodistal cross vein (m-m) perpendicular to corresponding longitudinal veins (Tang et al. 2018: fig. 10); cercus with mainly straight bristles, slightly longer than width of cercus (Tang et al. 2018: fig. 11);
body length 3.7-3.8 mm................
......................... L. singaporensis
3. Costa widened distinctly before Rx (Tang et al. 2018: fig. 21D); postpedicel black except for yellowish base; male terminalia with complicated twisted hypandrium and phallus (Tang et al. 2018: fig. 21B); body length 4.5 mm ....... L. hirsutiseta
— Costa widened at tip of Rx (Tang et al. 2018: fig. 4); postpedicel yellowish, sometimes dorsally darker........................ 4
4. Tip of phallus with a number of black ventral denticles; hypandrium simple (Zhang et al. 2009: fig. 3); body length 3.3-3.9 mm .............................. L. dentalis
— Tip of phallus lacking ventral denticles; tip of hypandrium with a single large brown preapical tooth (Tang et al. 2018: figs. 18,
19); body length 4.2 mm .................
........................... L. polychroma
Descriptions and new records
Lichtwardtia ziczac (Wiedemann, 1824) Figs. 1-10
Dolichopus ziczac: Wiedemann 1824: 40. Rhagoneurus ziczac: De Meijere 1916: 229.
Lichtwardtia ziczac: Hollis 1964: 227; Tang et al. 2018: 100, Fig. 25; Grichanov 2020: 11.
Material: 1^, India: Orissa [=Odisha State], Gop, 19.982°N, 86.016°E, 8-9.01.2014 (K. Tomkovich) [ZMUM].
Description. Male (fig. 1). Head (fig. 2). Frons metallic violet, weakly pollinose; face entirely white pollinose; one strong vertical, one short postvertical, a pair of strong ocellar setae present; lower postocular setae white; ventral postcranium with 2 long white setae and several light cilia; eyes with short hairs; face glabrous; face almost parallel-sided, narrowest at upper third, slightly widening at cly-peus; ratio of face minimal width to height 29/48; clypeus almost straight ventrally, not reaching lower margin of eyes; ratio of clypeus width to height 32/25; antenna (fig. 3) mostly yellow-orange; postpedicel black in distal half, rounded, about as long as high (18/19), with short hairs; arista-like stylus middorsal, black, sparsely pubescent, with hairs 2-4 times longer than basal diameter of stylus; length (mm) of scape to pedicel to postpedicel to stylus (segments 1 and 2), 0.15/0.11/0.18/0.14/0.55; palpus small, dirty yellow, with short black hairs; proboscis brown.
Thorax. Black; mesonotum metallic, weakly pollinose; pleura whitish grey pollinose; 6 strong dorsocentral bristles decreasing in length anteriorly, with 1st bristle very short; 2 rows of acrostichals; proepisternum with 1 strong black bristle above fore coxa and few short white hairs; scutellum with 2 strong bristles and 2 very short black lateral hairs.
Legs mostly yellow; fore coxa yellow, mid coxa brown-black with yellow apex, hind coxa mostly yellow, with brown spot at base; hind femur with black-brown spot dorsally on apex; tarsi black from tip of basitarsus; femora without long hairs; fore coxa with black hairs and several long apical bristles; fore tibia with 3 an-terodorsals, 2 dorsals, 1 posterior bristle, 3-4 times as long as diameter of tibia, 3 apical bristles of about equal length; fore tarsus simple, fore basitarsus with short basoventral seta; mid femur with 1 preapical anterior bristle; mid tibia with 4 anterodorsal, 2 posterodorsal, 1 an-teroventral and 5 apical bristles; hind femur
Figs. 1-6. Lichtwardtia ziczac (Wiedemann, 1824). Habitus (i); head (2); antenna (3); wing (4); hypopygium, right lateral view (5); hypopygium after maceration, left lateral view (6)
Рис. 1-6. Lichtwardtia ziczac (Wiedemann, 1824). Габитус (i); голова (2); усик (3); крыло (4); гипопигий, вид справа (5); гипопигий после размачивания, вид слева (6)
with one anterodorsal prepapical bristle; hind tibia simple, with 4-5 anterodorsal, 4 postero-dorsal, 3 ventral, 3 apical bristles; hind basitar-sus with 1 basoventral, 1 apical short setae, 1 strong dorsal bristle below middle, 0.6 times as long as basitarsus; length of femur, tibia and tarsal segments (in mm): fore leg, 1.25/1.21/0.6 2/0.31/0.19/0.14/0.15; mid leg, 1.65/1.66/0.89/ 0.42/0.35/0.24/0.19; hind leg, 1.84/1.97/0.81/0. 79/0.66/0.45/0.31.
Wing (fig. 4) greyish, with anterior margin faintly brownish and maculated at cross veins; costa simple; R2+3 and R4+5 almost straight, slightly divergent at apex; ratio of part of costa between R and R to that between R and
2+3 4+5 4+5
M1+2 (in mm), 0.43/0.33; M1+2 broken in middle of distal part, joining costal vein right before wing tip; R4+5 and distal part of M1 parallel; anterodistal cross vein (m-m) strongly oblique, not perpendicular to corresponding longitudinal veins; crossvein dm-m straight, almost perpendicular to corresponding longitudinal veins; length of distal part of M1 to m-m to distal part of M1+2 (in mm), 0.94/0.22/0.74; ratio of dm-m to distal part of M4, 0.46/0.46; anal vein distinct, almost reaching to wing margin; anal lobe well developed; anal angle obtuse; lower calypter yellow, with black setae; halter yellow.
Abdomen black with bronze shine, grey pollinose laterally, with black hairs and mar-
ginal bristles; segment 8 black, with sparse black setae; epandrium (fig. 5) black, nearly as long as tergites 4 and 5 combined, swollen basally, narrowed distally, with subtriangular midventral projections laterally, slightly projected distoventrally (fig. 6); hypandrium ba-soventral, with small dorsoapical tooth; phallus thin, with regular sparse row of 6 strong dorsolateral teeth apically (figs. 9, 10); one minute epandrial seta on midventral projection; distoventral epandrial lobe reduced to
1 short and 2 long setae; surstylus yellow, bi-lobate; ventral lobe rounded (lateral view), with 1 thick inner preapical bristle, 3 short thick spines at apex; dorsal lobe of surstylus fingerlike, with narrow apical projection, with
2 preapical setae; postgonite long, forked in distal fourth, with narrow lobes; cercus (fig. 8) yellow, widely blackened along distal margin, subtriangular, dentate distally and ventrally, with double row of simple curved marginal bristles and white hairs on outer side; bristles about 1.5 times longer than width of cercus.
Measurements (in mm). Body length 4.3; antenna length 1.0; wing length 4.1; wing width 1.2.
Female. Similar to male except lacking male secondary sexual characters (Tang et al. 2018: fig. 25).
Distribution. India (Odisha).
Diagnosis. The L. ziczac female holotype can be diagnosed by the following combination of characters unusual for the majority of other species (Tang et al. 2018; Grichanov 2020): the wing with anterior border faintly brownish and maculated at cross veins; no swelling of the costa before or at the wing vein R1; cross vein m-m (between M1 and M2) strongly oblique, not perpendicular to longitudinal veins; the length ratio of distal part of Mx to distal part of M1+2 is 0.6/0.4; the hind femur with brown spot dorsally on apex. Tang et al. 2018 related L. ziczac female with L. singapo-rensis (from the L. nodulata species group). The latter species differs from L. ziczac female in hind basitarsus distinctly shorter than next segment; cross vein m-m perpendicular to longitudinal veins. Hypandrium is simple in L. singaporensis, but bearing dorsoapical tooth
in male described here as L. ziczac. Lichtwardtia infuscata Tang & Grootaert, 2018, known from Cambodia, with maculated wings, is also similar to L. ziczac. Male cercus bears curved bristles in L. ziczac, about 1.5 times longer than width of cercus, but bears mainly straight bristles, slightly longer than width of cercus in both L. singaporensis and L. infuscata. The midven-tral projections of L. ziczac epandrium are very peculiar, being present in L. infuscata, but differing in shape and size. The latter species bears double row of denticles on phallus, whereas L. ziczac male possesses only one row of denticles on phallus.
Lichtwardtia singaporensis Grootaert et Tang, 2018 Figs. 11-14
Lichtwardtia singaporensis: Grootaert, Tang, in Tang et al. 2018: 79, figs. 10-11; Grichanov 2020: 11.
Material examined: 3^, India: Orissa [=Odisha State], Gop, 19.982°N, 86.016°E, 8-9.01.2014 (K. Tomkovich) [ZMUM].
Diagnosis. Male (fig. 11). Similar to Lichtwardtia ziczac in all respects except as noted. Head (fig. 12). Ratio of face minimal width to height 29/44; ratio of clypeus width to height 31/27; Antenna (fig. 13). Length (mm) of scape to pedicel to postpedicel to stylus (segments 1 and 2), 0.11/0.09/0.17/0.11/0.52. Legs. Hind femur with brownish spot dorsally on apex; tarsomeres 3-5 brown-black; fore tibia with
2 anterodorsals, 2 dorsals, 1 posterior bristle,
3 times as long as diameter of tibia; hind tibia simple, with 4-5 anterodorsal, 3 posterodor-sal, 2 ventral bristles; hind basitarsus with 1 strong dorsal bristle below middle, half as long as basitarsus; length of femur, tibia and tarsal segments (in mm): fore leg, 1.18/1.07/0. 54/0.25/0.19/0.13/0.18; mid leg, 1.54/1.52/0.6 9/0.39/0.29/0.21/0.21; hind leg, 1.52/1.79/0.6 8/0.71/0.51/0.36/0.27. Wing (fig. 14). Antero-distal cross vein (m-m) perpendicular to corresponding longitudinal veins; length of distal part of M1 to m-m to distal part of M1+2 (in mm), 0.85/0.19/0.59; ratio of dm-m to distal part of M4, 0.34/0.36. Hypopygium as figured and described by Tang et al. (2018). Epan-
Figs. 7-10. Lichtwardtia ziczac (Wiedemann, 1824), details of hypopygium. Surstyli and postgonite, ventral view (7); cercus, dorsolateral view (8); apex of phallus, lateral view (9); apex of phallus, ventral view (10)
Рис. 7-10. Lichtwardtia ziczac (Wiedemann, 1824), детали строения гипопигия. Сурстиль и постгонит, вид снизу (7); церка, вид сверху-сбоку (8); вершина фаллуса, вид сбоку (9); вершина фаллуса, вид снизу (10)
drium without subtriangular midventral projections laterally; cercus with mainly straight bristles, slightly longer than width of cercus.
Measurements (in mm). Body length 3.8; antenna length 0.9; wing length 3.6.
Distribution. Type locality: Singapore: West Coast. The species is known from India (Odisha), Malaysia (Pahang) and Singapore. New species for India.
Lichtwardtia dentalis Zhang, Masunaga et Yang, 2009 Figs. 15-17
Lichtwardtia dentalis: Zhang et al. 2009: 198, figs. 1-4; Tang et al. 2018: 72, figs. 4, 5.
Material examined: 6$, India: Orissa [=Odisha State], Gop, 19.982°N, 86.016°E, 8-9.01.2014 (K. Tomkovich) [ZMUM]; 1$, India: Orissa [=Odisha State], Banigocha-Daspalla, 20.382°N, 84.771°E, 18-25.01.2014 (K. Tomkovich) [ZMUM].
Description. Male (fig. 15). Head (fig. 16). Frons metallic violet, weakly pollinose; face
entirely white pollinose; one strong vertical, one short postvertical, a pair of strong ocellar setae present; lower postocular setae white; ventral postcranium with 2 long white setae and several light cilia; eyes with short hairs; face glabrous; face almost parallel-sided, narrowest at middle, slightly widening at clypeus; ratio of face minimal width to height 23/46; clypeus almost straight ventrally, not reaching lower margin of eyes; ratio of clypeus width to height 27/23; antenna (fig. 17) mostly yellow-orange; postpedicel blackish in distal half, rounded, about as long as high (16/17), with short hairs; arista-like stylus middorsal, black, sparsely pubescent, with hairs 2-4 times longer than basal diameter of stylus; length (mm) of scape to pedicel to postpedicel to stylus (segments 1 and 2), 0.14/0.11/0.16/0.07/0.65; palpus small, dirty yellow, with short black and pale hairs; proboscis brown.
Thorax. Mostly black; mesonotum metallic green-violet, weakly pollinose; pleura whitish grey pollinose; 5 strong dorsocentral
0,2 mm
Figs. 11-14. Lichtwardtia singaporensis Grootaert et Tang, 2018. Habitus (11); head (12); antenna (13); wing (14)
Figs. 11-14. Lichtwardtia singaporensis Grootaert et Tang, 2018. Габитус (11); голова (12); усик (13); крыло (14)
bristles decreasing in length anteriorly, 2 rows of acrostichals; proepisternum with 1 strong black bristle above fore coxa and few short white hairs; scutellum with 2 strong bristles and 2 very short black lateral hairs.
Legs mostly yellow; fore coxa yellow, mid coxa mostly yellow, with brown-black spot laterally, hind coxa yellow; tarsomeres 4-5 brown; femora without long hairs; fore coxa with black hairs and several long apical bristles; fore tibia with 2 anterodorsals, 2 dorsals, 1 posterior bristle, 2-3 times as long as diameter of tibia, 3 apical bristles of about equal length; fore tarsus simple, fore basitarsus with short basoventral seta; mid femur with one preapical anterior bristle; mid tibia with 4 an-terodorsal, 2 posterodorsal, 1 anteroventral and 5 apical bristles; hind femur with one an-terodorsal prepapical bristle; hind tibia simple, with 4 anterodorsal, 3 posterodorsal, 2 very short ventral, 3 apical bristles; hind basi-tarsus with 1 basoventral, 1 apical short setae, 1 strong dorsal bristle below middle, half as long as basitarsus; length of femur, tibia and tarsal segments (in mm): fore leg, 1.16/1.04/0.
51/0.25/0.18/0.15/0.17; mid leg, 1.59/1.69/0.8 5/0.41/0.32/0.24/0.19; hind leg, 1.57/1.93/0.7 1/0.74/0.53/0.33/0.23.
Wing almost hyaline; costa with small, but distinct widening at R1; R2+3 and R4+5 almost straight, slightly divergent at apex; M1+2 broken in middle of distal part, joining costal vein right before wing tip; R4+5 and distal part
of M1 parallel; ratio of part of costa between R2+3 and R4+5 to that between R4+5 and M1+2 (in
mm), 0.42/0.26; anterodistal cross vein (mm) perpendicular to corresponding longitudinal veins; crossvein dm-m straight, almost perpendicular to corresponding longitudinal veins; length of distal part of M1 to m-m to distal part of M1+2 (in mm), 0.87/0.18/0.66; ratio of dm-m to distal part of M4, 0.38/0.47; anal vein distinct, almost reaching to wing margin; anal lobe well developed; anal angle obtuse; lower calypter yellow, with black setae; halter yellow.
Abdomen metallic bronze-green, black black along posterior margins of tergites, whitish pollinose laterally, with black hairs and marginal bristles; segment 8 black, with
0,3 mm
Figs. 15-17. Lichtwardtia dentalis Zhang et al., 2009. Habitus (15); head (16); antenna (17)
Figs. 15-17. Lichtwardtia dentalis Zhang et al., 2009. Габитус (15); голова (16); усик (17)
sparse black setae; hypopygium as figured and described by Zhang et al. (2009) and Tang et al. (2018); epandrium without subtriangu-lar midventral projections laterally; hypandri-um basoventral, simple, without tooth; tip of phallus with regular sparse row of a number of black ventral denticles; cercus yellow, widely blackened along distal margin, with narrow stem and subovate plate; plate higher than long, slightly dentate distally and ventrally, with double row of mainly simple marginal bristles, with single strong blunt-tipped mid-dorsal bristle on the inside and white hairs on outer side; 5 distal bristles straight and thick, not longer than width of cercus; at least 3 of 5 thick bristles blunt.
Measurements (in mm). Body length 3.33.9; antenna length 0.9-1.0; wing length 3.13.8; wing width 1.2-1.3.
Female. Unknown.
Distribution. Cambodia, China (Yunnan), India (Odisha), Thailand (Loei). New species for India.
Notes. The species was incompletely described by Zhang et al. (2009), as it was noted by Tang et al. (2018). Therefore, I describe it again based on Indian material. See Tang et al. (2018) for diagnosis and illustrations of L. dentalis male.
Conclusion
As a result of this study, the number of Li-chtwardtia species in India increased to four, known only from Goa and Odisha states. Only two species were reported from Sri Lanka with one species found in the two countries. This genus is poorly investigated in South Asia, and new species records are anticipated here. Four of five reported species are widespread across the Oriental Region. Lichtwardtia zic-zac male is firstly described here; environs of the Gop town in Odisha State are here suggested as type locality for this species, which is probably rare in nature.
In contrast to Afrotropical species, the external non-genitalic morphology of Oriental species is not very diverse but the male terminalia are distinctly different (Tang et al. 2018). These authors referred L. dentalis, L. polychroma and L. singaporen-sis to the L. nodulata species group and the L. polychroma sister-group, leaving L. hir-sutiseta unplaced (Tang et al. 2018). It seems that L. ziczac together with L. infuscata also belong to the L. nodulata group. These two species differ from others in dark and maculated wings and large midventral projections on epandrium.
Little is known on ecology of Lichtwardtia species. Many species inhabit wetlands and forests (including mangroves) in tropical belt of the Old World at a height from 0 to 2500 m above sea level (Bickel 2008; Tang et al. 2018; Grichanov 2019; Grichanov 2020).
Acknowledgments The author is sincerely grateful to Drs. N. E. Vikhrev and A. L. Ozerov (ZMUM) for their kindness in providing specimens for the study. The work was funded by All-Russian Institute of Plant Protection according to research project No. FGEU-2022-0002.
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For citation: Grichanov, I. Ya. (2023) Discovery of Lichtwardtia Enderlein (Diptera: Dolichopodidae) in East India. Amurian Zoological Journal, vol. XV, no. 3, pp. 641-649. https://www.doi.org/10.33910/2686-9519-2023-15-3-641-649
Received 16 June 2023; reviewed 4 September 2023; accepted 5 September 2023.
Для цитирования: Гричанов, И. Я. (2023) Обнаружение рода Lichtwardtia Enderlein (Diptera: Dolichopodidae) в Восточной Индии. Амурский зоологический журнал, т. XV, № 3, с. 641-649. https://www.doi.org/10.33910/2686-9519-2023-15-3-641-649
Получена 16 июня 2023; прошла рецензирование 4 сентября 2023; принята 5 сентября 2023.
