CC BY
2
UDK 004.02:004.5:004.9
DOI 10.46566/2225-1545_2020_1_79_151
Kurbonov A.B.
Associate Professor of the Department of innovation economics of the Karshi Engineering and Economic Institute
Karshi Jalilova N.M.
Senior Lecturer Department of innovation economics Karshi Engineering and Economic Institute
Karshi Safarov K.B. master
of the Karshi Engineering and Economic Institute
Uzbekistan, Karshi
DIRECTIONS FOR THE FORMATION OF COOPERATION IN THE FIELD OF AGRICULTURAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP
Abstract: The article analyzes the theoretical views of economists on the formation of the category of entrepreneurship. The features of the development of entrepreneurship in agriculture are also studied. The factors influencing the formation and development of agribusiness property are analyzed. In the context of the Republic of Uzbekistan, forms of ownership of agricultural enterprises are based. Scientifically grounded proposals and recommendations have been developed to increase the role of cooperation in the formation of property in agriculture.
Keywords: entrepreneurship, creativity, business, private-individual entrepreneurship, private-corporate entrepreneurship, partnership, agro-industrial complex, small business, cluster, cooperation, households.
One of the main tasks of economic reforms in countries is to improve the welfare of the population, and the material basis of economic growth is production, which ensures the effective organization of small business and private entrepreneurship. For this, it is necessary to improve organizational, economic and private relations, as well as to correctly solve existing problems. This requires a deep understanding of the socio-economic nature of entrepreneurship. The approach of modern economists to the problem of entrepreneurship has a special place. Based on their research, the analysis of the essence of entrepreneurship can be divided into the following areas: The first area - entrepreneurship - is an independent economic activity aimed at making a profit.
The second direction is the achievement of high production efficiency based on relationships in the implementation of new combinations of resources, without denying the goal of making a profit from entrepreneurial activity.
The third direction is that a creative approach is needed to manage the movement of resources of entrepreneurial activity. These include D. V. Busygin [2], V. D. Kamaev [3], I. N. Gerchikova [4], F. M Rusinov [5] and others. In the studies of these scientists, entrepreneurship is reflected not as a simple labor activity, but as a creative activity. Thus, these authors have divided entrepreneurship into three integral, interrelated components.
Based on the above suggestions and recommendations, we can say that entrepreneurship is a production, service activity that includes the process of pooling and mobilizing resources, management based on innovation and risk for profit.
Entrepreneurship is an activity in which, in connection with the production of goods and services, the actual use of personal or other material and monetary resources, that is, capital, is carried out. Therefore, entrepreneurship is associated with the function of capital.
Small business and private entrepreneurship is an important component of a market economy. This is a mass basis and element of the market competition mechanism. The development of a market economy without entrepreneurship, including small business, is impossible even to act.
In our opinion, business and entrepreneurship are economic categories that represent economic relations between business entities. Business is a primitive economic category in relation to entrepreneurship and has a number of characteristics. These include: business participants seeking profit or utility; to this end, they seek to make efficient use of capital property and the function of capital; feel the economic risk, danger; they will be businessmen, masters of their craft, proactive, innovative, with a culture of economic relationships, skills; business participants will benefit from collaborative interaction.
Thus, business as an economic category is a set of relationships between people in the conduct of economic activities in order to make a profit. This set of relationships includes property, direct production, exchange, and customer relationships.
Since entrepreneurship is one of the key aspects of business, in our opinion, it represents a secondary productive relationship compared to business relationships. These relationships are associated with the production and service activities of people in order to make a prof
Entrepreneurship, like other forms of business, requires the following conditions:
-economic independence and independence. An entrepreneur can use his full economic potential only if he is able to act freely;
- Striving for innovation, creativity, entrepreneurship. Only then will he become an entrepreneur when he improves his business, adapting to the changing
requirements of the market, can only if he has an idea of renewal, and also brings it to life;
- an inclination to take risks, a sense of property responsibility, etc.
Also, unlike business, entrepreneurship requires deep knowledge in the production of goods and services, professional skills.
Entrepreneurship is manifested in state, non-state, including private, mixed forms of ownership. Non-state forms include private-individual and private-corporate entrepreneurship. In turn, the subject of private entrepreneurship will be based on their own and hired labor. Private-corporate entrepreneurship is manifested as a partnership, mixed, leased enterprises.
Individual entrepreneurship includes private entrepreneurship, family businesses, self-employment based on their own labor, private and hired labor. The collective form of entrepreneurship includes state, agricultural cooperative enterprises, partnerships and self-governing firms, joint-stock companies, labor collective enterprises, etc.
Individual and collective forms of entrepreneurship are distinguished depending on the level of organization.
Individual entrepreneurship includes private entrepreneurship, family businesses, self-employed, self-employed, private and hired labor.
The collective form of entrepreneurship includes state, shirkat farms, corporations, partnerships and self-governing firms, labor collective enterprises, joint stock companies, etc. According to the field of activity, entrepreneurship has the forms of production, service provision, commercial activity and commercial intermediation. The form of entrepreneurship in the form of small, medium and large businesses, depending on the number of employees employed at the enterprise.
Depending on the level of business organization, its manifestation in one form or another depends on a number of factors. Organizational, organizational form of entrepreneurial activity, first of all, the entrepreneur's personal interest, the desire to declare oneself; secondly, the field of activity; third, the amount of cash; fourthly, it depends on the propensity to take risks [7].
Each form of entrepreneurship has its own advantages and disadvantages. For example, individual entrepreneurship is its simplest form; all organizational and managerial work is performed by one person. For example, individual entrepreneurship is its simplest form; all organizational and managerial work is performed by one person.
For example, individual entrepreneurship is its simplest form, all organizational and managerial work is performed by one person, that is, the simplicity of the organization. He assumes all responsibility and a strong economic incentive, that is, the receipt of all profits by one person. In this case, the entrepreneur conducts production and commercial activities only at his own discretion, that is, not associated with the need for coordination in decision-
making. But the entrepreneur assumes all the responsible risks associated with his business.
Consequently, the bankruptcy of the entrepreneur is determined, the risk of loss of property is high. This type of entrepreneurship is widespread in areas of economic activity that do not require large financial and material resources to start a business and are not technologically complex. Sole proprietors are people who are inclined to take risks and are able to take on all the dangers.
Partnership entrepreneurship is more common in areas that require slightly more financial and material resources and have a more complex technological base than sole proprietorship. This form of entrepreneurship is organized by a number of persons who jointly own and operate an enterprise. The main rights here belong to all partners. They exercise effective control over each other's activities.
One of the modern forms of entrepreneurship is the corporate form. It operates mainly in the form of a joint stock company. The share of each of its participants is determined by the number of shares belonging to him [8]. The most important advantage of this form of business is the very limited liability of shareholders, the separation of the function of capital, that is, the separation of capital from property, the ability to raise additional funds by issuing shares. Such societies mainly predominate in spheres of economic activity that require more financial and material resources, technologically large scale and a complex material and technical base.
In the process of working in a free market economy, small business changes the form and types of organization, and under the influence of its capabilities and the external environment, it can move from one form to another. In developed and developing countries, small business and private entrepreneurship perform several key functions. By creating new jobs, it balances the social costs of necessary structural changes in the economy. In the process of introducing the principles of a market economy in Uzbekistan, it is also necessary to develop small business and private entrepreneurship, and consistently study the experience of foreign countries in this direction.
In Uzbekistan, the economic policy pursued by the state aimed at building a democratic society, a fully functioning market economy based on the priority of private property, should include the development of small business and private entrepreneurship in today's economic development strategy.
As a result of economic reforms in the agro-industrial complex, economic entities were formed on the basis of various forms of ownership, and some objects of property were privatized and transformed into private-individual, private-corporate forms of entrepreneurship. In the field of agricultural production of the agro-industrial complex, first of all, corporate farms have been created, including farms, dekhkan farms. Cultural, household and trade facilities in the service sector were privatized and operated as private enterprises, production infrastructure facilities were transformed into joint stock companies MTZ,
MMTP, fertilizer supply, seed supply, fuel supply. Agricultural processing enterprises were transformed into joint stock companies due to their large production capacity and technology. In this area, only small enterprises for the processing of vegetables and fruits have been formed.
The interdependence of the activities of economic entities based on different forms of ownership in the field of the agro-industrial complex creates agrarian relations.Agrarian relations are relations between various entities involved in the production, processing, sale and production of agricultural products.
The activities of all economic entities in the agricultural sector lead to the formation of agribusiness, since agribusiness differs from the entrepreneurial movement in other sectors. Because on the basis of this industry is the production of agricultural products in connection with land relations. This means that in the agro-industrial complex there are features of the organization of private entrepreneurship.
Effective organization of the current and future activities of small enterprises and private entrepreneurs working in the agro-industrial sector, the ratio must be ensured. The efficiency of the current and future activities of small businesses and private entrepreneurs operating in the agro-industrial sector depends on the ratio of profit and cost.
In our opinion, due to the interdependence of the agro-industrial complex, it is advisable to establish cooperation that unites industries, and this cooperation is based on the material base of large farms and small processing enterprises towards infrastructure enterprises. This cooperation is organized on the basis of financial mergers of enterprises of the agro-industrial complex and is the basis for the development of agricultural producers and processing enterprises.
Members of the cooperative are small enterprises of the agro-industrial complex, united by functional areas of production. It is carried out by the executive body on the basis of the decision of the created council of the cooperative. For example, agriculture uses about 2500 agricultural machines, and not all of them can be purchased by one small enterprise. MSCI do not have the opportunity to purchase agricultural equipment.
The state also lacks the ability to supply sophisticated agricultural machinery to every region. Because the development of agriculture in itself does not provide stability in the country. Other industries also need development. It can be encouraged by the state only through organizational, legal, economic and financial incentives
In such a situation, it is possible to combine the capabilities of small businesses and become self-sufficient on a cooperative basis. The members of the joint cooperative in the field of technology and technology will voluntarily pool their financial resources for the purchase of agricultural machinery, the purchase of processing equipment, the purchase of the necessary equipment for infrastructure enterprises.
The use of equipment and technologies obtained from the accumulated financial resources is fully used by the property owners by decision of the council of the cooperative, the members of the cooperative are provided with benefits in their services. Small businesses that are not members of the cooperative are charged a full service fee. The profit from this is deducted from the costs of organizing and operating the cooperative and distributed among the owners in accordance with their contribution. It is advisable to apply this order of interaction in other functional combinations.
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