CC BY
4
UDK 004.02:004.5:004.9
Kolesnikova Yu.S., candidate of economic Sciences Institute of management Economics and Finance Federal state Autonomous educational institution of higher education "Kazan (Volga region) Federal University"
Russia, Kazan
DIGITALIZATION OF INDUSTRY AS A VECTOR OF A NEW
DIGITAL SPACE
Abstract: The article deals with the issues of digitalization of production, its main concept and goals. The author proves the effectiveness of digitalization on the example of successfully functioning enterprises. The results of the study can be used to develop the processes of digitalization of industries and strengthen their focus on the growth of competitive advantages and technological development of regional spatial and sectoral structures in the digital economy.
Keywords: innovation, competitiveness, industry, digital economy, digitalization.
In the modern economy, the digitalization of industry is evidenced by the use of new types of equipment, which include: robotic devices, waste-free and unpopulated technologies, flexible processing complexes, automatic production facilities, unmanned vehicles, automated technical and technological platforms at various stages of the production process, equipped with digital sensors, sensors, etc. Computer and information systems, digital and network technologies due to the high quality, speed and reliability of transmission, storage and processing of digital signals and other properties ensure the adoption of timely decisions aimed at increasing labor productivity, competitiveness, development of innovations and their implementation in production processes.
Digitalization of industry is the concept of a new digital space, a single system that integrates production machines, systems for ensuring the life and safety of the enterprise, that is, all the electronics of the organization. Sensors and sensors make it possible to combine various physical objects into a virtual network in which they can interact with each other without human intervention.
The most important advantage of digitalization is to increase the productivity of the enterprise by reducing the time required to develop a new product, release it to the market and deliver it to the consumer, as well as to optimize the resources of the company, which increases the efficiency of its work as a whole. The modern concept of digitalization of enterprises was first outlined back in 1996 in the book "Being Digital" by Nicholas Negroponte, who at that time headed the MIT Media Lab company. However, then it was only about theory, only now there is a technical opportunity to put into practice the ideas of a digital enterprise. In modern conditions, there is a real need for digitalization of
industrial enterprises, since the problem of processing huge amounts of data that occurs in large industries can only be solved by using machines. Modern technologies enable machines not only to perform automatic actions, but also to interact with each other in different areas of the enterprise. Summarizing the above, we can say. that we are talking not only about the automation of individual stages of production, but also about the introduction of digital technologies in the end-to-end process, which includes not only production stages, but also related financial and organizational activities. The new approach provides mobility, increases the speed of decision-making and increases the variability of processes depending on the needs of the client. Digital transformation of the enterprise. As mentioned earlier, for the transition to a digital enterprise, it is necessary to conduct General digitalization and integration of production and other processes vertically, starting from product development and ending with production, logistics and in-service maintenance. However, there is also a need for horizontal integration, which goes far beyond one organization and covers both the firm itself and its partners, suppliers and customers.
Digital transformation using a variety of modern technologies should be based on an appropriate digital platform. A digital platform is understood as a set of digital data, models and tools that are information and technologically integrated into a single automated control system for the target subject area, in addition, this platform should organize the interaction of stakeholders among themselves. It is very important to emphasize that for the transition to a digital form of business, it is necessary to conduct a digital transformation of the enterprise, which implies the use of the entire pool of modern ICT technologies to radically increase the productivity and value of enterprises. Perhaps it is better to put it another way: a radical increase in the productivity, competitiveness and value of enterprises today is possible with the parallel digitization of business processes and their fundamental reengineering (BPR, Business Process Reengineering).
If earlier in production only optimization of its separate phases or stages was considered, today within digital transformation and creation of the digital enterprise the end-to-end process including not only purely production stages from idea, development, design, purchases before production, but also the accompanying financial activity, work of personnel, logistics, operation, support, partner network, subcontractors, etc. is analyzed. After all, the main goals of digital transformation are to increase the speed of decision-making, increase the variability of processes depending on the needs and characteristics of the client, reduce the number of employees involved in the process (that is, decision-making and value creation chains). In General, sociality, mobility, Analytics and "clouds" are the Foundation on which a digital enterprise is built. And it is quite logical that this results in a potentially higher level of labor productivity, collaboration, cooperation, control, support and, accordingly, predictability of the result of work. And the timing and cost of launching new products are sometimes reduced
significantly. All this is done in the name of radically increasing the profit, competitiveness and market value of the enterprise. And if you do not see what exactly can seriously increase the competitiveness of the enterprise, then the question of payback or targeted use of investments in digital transformation immediately arises. This issue will be especially important for monopolies. The digital enterprise provides for the digitalization and integration of vertical processes throughout the enterprise, from product development and procurement to production, logistics and in-service maintenance. In turn, the horizontal integration of the digital enterprise goes beyond internal operations and covers suppliers, consumers and all key partners throughout the value chain. It uses a variety of technologies, from tracking and monitoring devices to comprehensive planning integrated with real-time execution. All this is done on the basis of the corresponding digital platform and all together makes up the so-called digital ecosystem of a digital enterprise.
Summarizing all the above, a radical increase in the production volume and value of the enterprise, as well as its competitiveness in the market, is possible only if all business processes are digitally transformed. Digitalization of an industrial enterprise. Before digitalization of companies, it is necessary to conduct comprehensive research in advance, which will allow you to know in advance how modern concepts and technologies can affect their business. It is necessary to have accurate data on the capacity and capabilities, the General condition of the target enterprise, in order to correctly set the goals of digital transformation and achieve a positive result in the end.
To create a program for digitalization of industry, you must first answer the following questions:
I. what can digitalization give?
II. What are its goals for the enterprise?
III. At what stage of digital transformation is the organization currently at, which of the technologies used can be saved?
IV. What kind of digitalization work can the company perform on its own, and for which it will need the help of specialists?
Subsequently, the list of questions expands, there is a need to choose the appropriate tools, software and technical solutions. However, at the first stage, it is necessary to decide whether such a transformation can currently lead to positive results for the company and whether such a transition will be economically justified.
What does digitalization bring? The benefits of digital transformation are best seen in examples. One of the most successful projects implemented to date can be considered a project of Siemens, where not only develop, but also apply smart systems.
The Corporation has launched an electronics plant in Amberg, which specializes in the production of industrial controllers. The company produces more than 1,000 products with a volume of about 12,000,000 controllers annually.
More than 75% of all work performed is carried out by works and automated machines, production is integrated with the design subsystem-design systems transmit all the necessary data about technological processes directly to production. The codes printed on the models inform the equipment about the technological route and the requirements for each operation performed. This technology allows you to achieve a product quality indicator at the plant at the level of 99.999%.
Every day, more than 50 million records of a production and technical nature are created in production, which can be used to track the entire life cycle of manufactured products.
By implementing IOT in production, companies seek to convert the benefits of Industry 4.0 technologies into clear business indicators. For example, the manufacturer of machine tools, the Japanese Corporation FANUC, reduced equipment downtime and thereby received $40 million more revenue for the year. In the production of Stanley and Black tools & Decker after the introduction of IoT, the number of defects and marking errors decreased by 16%. And Singapore-based electronics maker Flextronics has reduced power consumption at its plants by 20%.
If we talk about global cases, one of the most striking examples is the Chrysler plant in Toledo, which produces more than 700 car bodies every day. At the same time, 259 German KUKA robots are involved, which "communicate" with 60,000 other devices and machines. And all this data exchange and storage is organized in a cloud environment. As a result, the productivity and flexibility of such a plant is significantly increased, not to mention the efficiency of process management.
Our research has shown several reasons for Uzbekistan's lagging behind the leading countries in the field of digitalization:
1. economic Instability exacerbated by the effects of the pandemic. There are few manufacturers of high-quality hardware in the country: processors, sensors, modems, etc. , and foreign products are expensive and sometimes simply unavailable for the domestic market.
2. Lack of clear standards. For the effective development of the high-tech market, it is necessary to have standards in the field of IoT, which are only beginning to appear in domestic legislation. Individual processes are not at all structured at the state level, which greatly hinders the introduction of digital technologies.
3. Lack of qualified specialists
The country's educational system lags behind the development of the digital technology market and does not have time to provide interested companies with high-quality personnel.
4. The Desire of the business to make a quick profit
Many domestic companies are interested only in the most liquid projects, which in the short term will be able to bring a large income. In Western countries,
corporations are happy to invest billions of dollars in projects with a payback period of 30 years; in our country, companies try to invest only in technologies that will pay off in two years. Therefore, digitalization is generally less attractive for domestic businesses.
Unfortunately, many enterprises cannot yet realize the full potential of digitalization and the possibilities of switching to new technologies [6,7,10].
The digital transformation project is best complemented by the use of the "digital maturity model" as a basis for determining the current state and desired state, in terms of the main areas key to sustainable business.
Thus, the successful implementation of digitalization of industry will contribute not only to the transition to a digital economy, taking into account modern realities, but also to increase the position of Uzbekistan in the relevant world indices and ratings, as well as to strengthen the country's image in the international arena. It is important that our state takes its rightful place in the world economy thanks to technology and innovation.
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